...Government of India Ministry of New & Renewable Energy National Policy on Biofuels Block No. 14, C.G.O. Complex Lodhi Road New Delhi- 110003 Page 1 of 18 National Policy on Biofuels 1.0 1.1 PREAMBLE India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The Development Objectives focus on economic growth, equity and human well being. Energy is a critical input for socio-economic development. The energy strategy of a country aims at efficiency and security and to provide access which being environment friendly and achievement of an optimum mix of primary resources for energy generation. Fossil fuels will continue to play a dominant role in the energy scenario in our country in the next few decades. However, conventional or fossil fuel resources are limited, non-renewable, polluting and, therefore, need to be used prudently. On the other hand, renewable energy resources are indigenous, non-polluting and virtually inexhaustible. India is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources. Therefore, their use should be encouraged in every possible way. 1.2 The crude oil price has been fluctuating in the world market and has increased significantly in the recent past, reaching a level of more than $ 140 per barrel. Such unforeseen escalation of crude oil prices is severely straining of the developing various economies the world over, particularly those countries. Petro-based oil meets about 95% of the requirement for transportation fuels, and the...
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...Global Economic Perspectives Exam II Objective List BASIC CONCEPTS * Exchange Rate Risk * Selling dollar-denominated bonds but not having dollar-denominated sales * China’s real estate bubble * How to avoid: * Currency swaps * Future markets * Currency pegs * Setting the currency equal to a specified value * What factors determine exchange rates (pegging and managed floats) * High interest rates Appreciation & recession – increased demand & price * Stronger currency favors importers (trade surplus) * Low interest ratesDepreciation & Expansion * Weaker currency favors exporters (trade deficit) * The role of the IMF * Make emergency loans to countries with balance of payment problems * Ensures stability of national monetary system * Fiscal Policy * Government changing taxes and/or government spending in effort to increase or decrease business activity * Expansionary FP leads to increased spending but downside is budget deficits * Contractionary FPleads to budget surpluses or smaller deficits * AKA Austerity (attempt to shrink growing deficits) * Monetary Policy * Central Banks changing the MS to increase or decrease the availability of credit in an effort to increase or decrease business activity * Primary tool is Open Market Operations * Buying and Selling short...
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...Ministry of National Development Planning / National Development Planning Agency Indonesia’s Current Natural Disasters Update and Brief Presentation of IMDFF Operation Manual Dr. Max H. Pohan (pohan@bappenas.go.id) Deputy Minister for Regional Development and Local Autonomy, BAPPENAS, as Chairman of the Steering Committee of IMDFF-DR The Indonesian Multi Donor Fund Facility for Disaster Recovery (IMDFF-DR) Donor Coordination Meeting Jakarta, 15 November 2010 Current Update of Disasters in Indonesia 1. Disaster events since the beginning of October 2010, ranging from flash floods in the province of Wasior, West Papua in October 4, 2010, earthquake and tsunami in the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra province on October 25, 2010, when the rehabilitation and reconstruction after earthquake in West Sumatra-30 September 2009 still underway, and the on-going eruption of Mount Merapi in Central Java and Yogyakarta until now. 2. These caused a large numbers of deaths, injured, missing and displaced persons; damages on public infrastructures, impediment on basic services and losses on livelihoods in the disaster affected areas NO 1 LOCATION Flash flood in Wasior, West Papua Province STATUS • Emergency response expired at 15 November 2010. • Assessment of damage and losses have been conducted, with the total damage and losses of Rp 280,58 billion. • Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction is under completion by Bappenas and BNPB. • The emergency response will be expired...
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...Rozanov in 2005 when he wrote for Central Banking Journal1, but actually SWF have been around since before that. For example Government of Singapore Investment Corporation and Temasek Holdings, the two prominent SWF from Singapore have already been established in 1981 and 1974, respectively. SWF’s asset under management amount is also increasing overtime. Preqin estimated that the growth of asset is up from USD 3.07 trillion in December 2008 to USD 6.3 trillion in March 2015 as seen in Figure 1.1 Sovereign Wealth Fund Assets under Management2. Norway’s Government Pension Fund currently has the biggest asset among them which is amounting to USD 882 billion3. It is interesting to see whether the smaller counterparts from Asia also enjoys the rise in their asset as well. The objectives of this paper is to comprehend and appreciate the dynamics of smaller SWF from emerging and developing Asia (IMF definition)4. 1 Rozanov, Andrew, 2005. Who holds the wealth of nations? Preqin estimate, updated on March 2015 3 SWF Institute estimate, updated on April 2015 4 IMF’s World Economic Outlook Database April 2015 for criteria and countries that fall into emerging and developing Asia 2 Page 1 of 52 Figure 1.1.1. Sovereign Wealth Funds Asset under Management Sovereign Wealth Funds Asset under Management in USD trillion from...
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...OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIG PLC. TABLE OF CONTENT Title page i Approval page ii Declaration iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v Table of content vii Abstract ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINATION OF TERMS CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGHY CONCEPTS 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYIN BANKING INDUSTRY 2.4 EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2.5 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING INDUSTRY 2.6 GLOBALIZATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND NIGERIAN COMERCIAL BANKS 2.7 BENEFIT OF APPLYING INFORMATION...
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...3. Historians have argued that Progressive reforms lost momentum in the 1920s. Evaluate this statement with respect to the following: regulation of business, labor, and immigrants. The Progressive Era was a time of major reconstruction and rehabilitation for the United States. Beginning in the 1890s and lasting steadily into the 1920s, a series of movements, act, policies, and improvements allowed for the reformation of a great nation that would later flourish as a result of this era of growth and betterment. Some historians argue that the start of World War I may have been the end of the era because the war was not very rooted in Progressive policy. Progressives such as Jane Addams, perhaps the era’s most prominent reformer, implemented and strongly advocated antiwar movements and sentiment. However, after Wilson’s reelection in 1916, such reformers were censored. The politics of the 1920s was inhospitable toward the labor unions and radicals against business so it is understandable that one may think that the Progressivism ended there. However, during this time, the progressives did not simply allow themselves to be trod upon. Progressivism remained popular in many western states and was prominent in Washington during both the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. There was a continuing importance in the Progressive movement involving increased democracy, efficiency in the government, regulation, social justice, and and public service...
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...constantly analyze the trade environment and the market. Political factors or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company's products and how that company operates. Technological factors include ecological and environmental...
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...The Impact of the Federal Reserve Monetary Policies on Businesses Paul C. Batt Liberty University Introduction Important tools that governments use are monetary policies. These policies help regulate economic activity. Marc Labonte (2012) states that the Federal Reserve defines monetary policy “as actions taken to influence the availability and cost of money and credit.” These actions help control the money flow through the policies in which is parallel to the political and economic preferences. Monetary policy can influence the economy regionally and globally. These actions affect prices, employment, growth, and other areas. Through these changes, monetary policy influences consumers and businesses willingness to spend. Goals of Monetary Policy Monetary policy goals are consistent with the policy of the Federal Reserve Act. The Federal Reserve through it’s Board of Governors and Federal Open Market Committee seek certain goals. These goals include stable prices, long-term interest rates, and maximum employment. Stable prices help sustain maximum growth and employment. Stable pricing in the long-term helps control goods, services, and materials from outside influences of inflation. Stable pricing encourages savings and businesses are encouraged to invest more. Stable pricing in the long-run can compromise stability on the short-run. Short-run effects can lessen price pressures, in which this can move to easing in policy. With restrain inflationary...
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...“ G-20 Major Economies” is for the partial fulfillment of course objectives for the BBA Degree. I assure that this project is the result of my own efforts and all the information and facts furnished in this Project are based on our intensive study. Date: 15/10/2012 Name:Sahib Deol Place: Noida Introduction The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the President of the European Council and by the European Central Bank. The G-20 heads of government or heads of state have also periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for more than 80 percent of the gross world product (GWP),00 80 percent of world trade (including EU intra-trade), and two-thirds of the world population. They furthermore account for 84.1 percent and 82.2 percent of the world's economic growth by nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) respectively from the years 2010 to 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The G-20 was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin[5] as a forum for cooperation and consultation on matters pertaining to the international financial system. The group was formally inaugurated in September 1999, and held its first meeting in December 1999. It...
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...Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: Fax: Email: (03) 9653 2244 (03) 9653 2303 maps@pc.gov.au General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2009, Annual Report 2008-09, Annual Report Series, Productivity Commission, Canberra JEL code: D The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range of economic, social and environmental issues affecting the welfare of Australians. Its role, expressed most simply, is to help governments make better policies, in the long term interest of the Australian community. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by consideration for the wellbeing of the...
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...| | SHANGHAI FINANCE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND TRADE [pic] DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND TRADE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM The History of IMS and its Potential Reformulation Introduction to IMS, Evolution of IMS, Beginning of Bretton Woods and Ending, Dirty floats, Current situation and Reformed Monetary system WINNIE PAUL NDOSA (2011178102) 12/24/2013 |The History of IMS and its Potential Reformulation | | | |Introduction to IMS, Evolution of IMS, Beginning of Bretton Woods and Ending, Dirty | |floats, Current situation and Reformed Monetary system | | | |WINNIE PAUL NDOSA (2011178102) | |12/24/2013 | Introduction The year 1252 marked the minting of the very first gold coin in Western Europe since Roman times. Since this landmark, the international monetary system has evolved and transformed itself into the modern system that we use today. Th...
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...Q-1: Evaluate the roles of key agencies related to project development and management across the project life cycle. Q-2: How does the government finance the development project? Please discuss some of the characteristics of the planning process which cause low utilization of development fund and poor implementation of development program. Answer: It plays an important role in the country’s economic development through implementing various development projects. To implement this development project finance is an important thing. Bangladesh Govt. has two means to finance development project e.g. i) Govt. own fund; and ii) development partner. In this regard, development partners are seen to give money as grants or loan; and to some extent they provide money as both form (grant and loan). Development planning process: Low utilization of development funds and poor implementation of development programmes is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. The national planning process is characterized by numerous problems, a few of which are mentioned below as key challenges that need immediate remedial measures. a. Paucity of trust in institutions and their people: A general lack of trust in different institutions involved in the process could be observed, which is attributed to the absence of a deep rooted discipline in development planning. This applies at all levels, from implementing department/agency to Planning Commission via the sponsoring ministry/division. The sponsoring...
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...Long-term Finance and Economic Growth Working Group on Long-term Finance The views expressed in this report are those of the Working Group on Long-term Finance and do not necessarily represent the views of the individual members of the Group of Thirty. ISBN 1-56708-160-6 Copies of this paper are available for $49 from: The Group of Thirty 1726 M Street, N.W., Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel.: (202) 331-2472 E-mail: info@group30.org; www.group30.org Long-term Finance and Economic Growth Published by Group of Thirty© Washington, D.C. 2013 Table of Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................................................6 Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................8 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................................10 Working Group on Long-term Finance ................................................................................................................
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...in conducting their current and future affairs. Another distinctive feature of such nations is that they try to understand the emerging long-term trends to identify new challenges, and plan for the future so as to take maximum advantage of the opportunities and avoid the pitfalls that may lie ahead. On the other hand, the nations on the trajectory of decay and ultimate oblivion neither learn from the past nor have the inclination to look ahead into the future to plan for their security, progress and welfare. All it lacks in the context of Pakistan; socially, economically and politically as well. In the words of Mahbbub-ul-Haq, ‘Crisis in Governance’, “Human Development Report in South Asia”: “Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority to manage the resources of a country. It is always based upon certain rules and laws established by the members of a society. These laws agreed upon by the society are, in fact, to make governance pro-welfare in the larger interest of the people. The ultimate goal of governance is human development through decreasing human suffering and increasing opportunities.” He further writes: “Good Governance is exercising authority in accordance with the established laws, and...
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