...Larenea Grant Criminology 357-81 Female Drug Trafficking Prepared for Professor Benny Webb At Coker College April 20, 2011 Female Drug Trafficking Drug trafficking is a serious offense in the United States and abroad that carries with it stiff penalties. The manufacture, distribution, and sale of illicit substances continue to proliferate in black market trades. A crackdown on such operations has become more concentrated in the U.S. over the past few decades. While different violation drug trafficking laws carry different penalties, any offense is considered serious and is dealt with severely. Drug trafficking is widely regarded the most serious of drug offences around the world. However, sentencing often depends on the type of drug, its classification in the country into which it is trafficked, and where and how the drugs are sold and distributed (Grim, 2009). If drugs are sold to or distributed by underage people then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than other circumstances. When discovered, they face at least 10 years for crossing state lines, but their terms can be extended up to 25 years. When questioned by police, some women insist that they have no idea that they are carrying drugs. In the USA, the Federal law states that first time offenders be sentenced to a minimum term of imprisonment averaging 1 to 3 years. A drug trafficking offense may also lead to denial of federal benefits and forfeiture of personal property and real estate (Ehlers, 1998) A large...
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...to be part of the prohibition from the early 1920s. In the 1920s organized crime groups were first known to society members as gangs. Most gangs were known to be immigrants from the same group that gather together to commit illegal crimes on other society members or the government. In the United States, organized crime is also known as racketeering. In 1970, congress passed an act known as the RICO act. RICO stands for "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act” (Organized crime, 2003). This act made it easier for law enforcement officials to prosecute individuals who have not committed a crime but has been found guilty of being the head person in charge of an organized crime group. In order for a organized crime group to succeed in a committing crime, history proves that blackmail, bribery, and other forms of manipulation have been used by gang members to gain what they want form society members. One of the best ways that organized crime groups have continued to succeed in the United States is because they have been known to have connections with many different levels of law enforcement and within the government. Organized criminal groups are known to be the main contributors of drug trafficking. Today the types of crimes committed by organized crime groups have grown. As organized crime groups have become smarter, the types of crimes committed have increased and changed. One group of organized criminals that this paper will focus on is the group known as “El cartel...
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...The majority of the world’s cocaine and marijuana production originate from the South American countries according to the book “Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts, & Control” by Michael D. Lyman and Gary W. Potter (D. Lyman & W. Potter, 2007). The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimated that in 2000, Americans spend $62.4 billion on illegal drugs (Lyman & Potter, 281). Colombian cartels, specifically the Medellin Cartel, are still active in the sale distribution of cocaine, however, Mexican drug cartels have taken control over a significant amount of what used to be columbian portion on sale distribution of drugs, even more on the responsibility for transportation and smuggling (Lyman & Potter, 282). It is geographically determined the role of Columbian cartel of Medellin was a major drug producer because of the...
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...summarize is the US border patrol, this is the position that I have the most interest in and would like to know more about. The United States Border Patrol, a federal government agency, frequently works with the Departments of Border Protection and Customs. It conducts operations under the supervision of the Department of Homeland Security. The Border Patrol is primarily responsible for protecting the nation's borders from drug smuggling and illegal crossings. When illegal border crossings are detected, Border Patrol agents are responsible for apprehending illegal immigrants. Because large quantities of drugs are smuggled into the U.S. through the border, Border Patrol agents also conduct operations to seize illegal drugs. Likewise, since terrorists have attempted to enter the U.S. via the border, Border Patrol agents are now involved with counter-terrorism. Demand is currently very high for qualified Border Patrol agents. The Border Patrol is the law enforcement division within the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency, and it acts under the direction of the Department of Homeland Security. It was established by the U.S. Congress in 1924 to address illegal immigration. Prior to the establishment of the Border Patrol, the Bureau of Immigration was responsible for enforcing immigration law. The Border Patrol was primarily established to stop human smuggling. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Border Patrol has been assigned counter-terrorism duties, including...
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...Drug Trafficking in the United States 7/7/15, 10:49 AM Almanac of Policy Issues Home : Policy Archive : Search Sponsored Listings Questia: Search over 400,000 books and journals at Questia online. FastWeb Free Scholarship Search: Find free money for college or an advanced degree. U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Added May, 2004 Almanac Search Drug Trafficking in the United States Web The illegal drug market in the United States is one of the most profitable in the world. As such, it attracts the most ruthless, sophisticated, and aggressive drug traffickers. Drug law enforcement agencies face an enormous challenge in protecting the country's borders. Each year, according to the U.S. Customs Service, 60 million people enter the United States on more than 675,000 commercial and private flights. Another 6 million come by sea and 370 million by land. In addition, 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. More than 90,000 merchant and passenger ships dock at U.S. ports. These ships carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. Another 157,000 smaller vessels visit our many coastal towns. Amid this voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U.S. neighborhoods. Diverse groups traffic and distribute illegal drugs. Criminal groups operating from South America smuggle cocaine and heroin into the United States...
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...SECURITY OPERATIONS 2 Border Security Technology Border security is paramount to the security of the United States of America. There are 7,000 miles of land border with Canada and Mexico as well as numerous lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. These areas are the entry and exit to our nation and an economic gateway for the world. In today’s world, extremist organizations such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) pose many challenges to the security of our country. Not only do these organizations pose challenges but an innumerable amount of threats face our country. It all begins at our borders, from immigration to the illegal movement of weapons and drugs; we are faced with an overwhelming force. To combat this force the Department of Homeland Security utilizes technology in the undermanned field to ensure Border Patrol Agents are safe and able to complete the tasks assigned to them. Prior to the focus on border operations, technology wasn’t utilized as it is today, which resulted in high crime rates and the ability for drug and weapons to be smuggled in at an alarming rate. Since 2002, the use of technology has decreased crime in Border States as well as increased the amount of money, weapons, and drugs seized. The Department of Homeland Security’s role in the security of the Borders of the United States is an increasing task. The use of technology such as cameras, drones, motion detectors, and even body scanners have attributed to the...
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...and people are wearing expensive suits and ladies are armed with gold and diamond jewelry. She exposes a lot about business communities of Sindh which are worried about the law and order situation in Karachi. She also put light on the economy of Pakistan which was booming up during Afghan-Russian War due to dollar flow by United States of America. According to her, Benazir and Nawaz Sharif are the main political players. She indicates the invisible hands of corruption which are adding steels mills, sugar mills, foundries, textile mills and billions of dollars in Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif accounts. First, President Zia-ul-Haq backed up Sharif families to bring them in political battle field to face his opponent forces. When Benazir came in to power, she mismanaged the government and his husband, Zardari was involved in corruption and got fame of Mr. 10 percent. They opened corruption cases against each other while being in power. In this book, we also read very informative stuff regarding the tribal areas where law and order situation is a lot better than New York though every person carries a gun. Armed factories has been set up in every house, smuggling of...
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...consequence of the U.S. demand for illegal drugs, not the smuggling of illegal migrants (Alden, 2008). Mexico is a major producer and supplier to the U.S. market of heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana, and the major transit country for more than 90% of the cocaine sold in the United States. Mexico has pursued an aggressive anticrime strategy and increased security cooperation with the United States. These efforts have helped Mexico arrest or kill record numbers of drug kingpins, but more than 55,000 people have died as a result of organized crime-related violence since December 2006. The United States has also made significant efforts in the fight against drug trafficking. In 2011, the New York Times reported that the United States began sending unarmed drones to collect intelligence on traffickers. It also reported that the United States had expanded its role in cross-border raids, sending CIA operatives and retired military personnel to a Mexican military base, while training federal agents to assist in wiretaps, interrogations, and running informants. The United States has also improved security on its own side of the border, spending approximately $3 billion annually on patrolling the border. (CFR, 2013). For years, drug trafficking organizations have used the Mexico's political system to create "a system-wide network of corruption that guaranteed distribution rights, market access, and even official government protection for drug traffickers in exchange for well-paid...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...Introduction I decided to write about drug trafficking in the USA. My topic will be, "How drug trafficking affects children in NJ. "The question will be answered and backed by credible sources found on various websites. I have three brothers who went to prison because of this issue, and my cousin was gunned down in Newark, N.J a decade ago. This was particularly painful and hard to deal with knowing he had an opportunity to get out of this drug dealing lifestyle and get his life on the right track. Fortunately, I was able to get out of this lifestyle and get my life on track but not many make it out alive. Drug trafficking is a global/national issue, but when it is effecting the ones you love, It becomes a personal issue. While some feel drug decriminalization does not lead to an increase of drug use, Most Americans do not favor it (Hartnett,E.July,2012 Drug Legalization: Why It Wouldn't Work in the United States). Drug trafficking is a "dead end street" that has entrap a lot of promising young men and women in New jersey. The effects of drug trafficking can be life-changing for the worst for young adults who chose this lifestyle. These were core reasons for why I decided to go with this topic. The purpose of this paper is to show the compounding effects of drug trafficking in New Jersey. Drug Trafficking Drug trafficking or illegal drug trading is a criminal offense that occurs when a person transports, manufactures, and sells unlawful controlled substances such as: marijuana...
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...ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION "Yes, Mr. Hoover, there is a Mafia" (Rudy Giuliani) Organized crime is in a class by itself. It's big, it's powerful, it's well-connected, and highly profitable. Mafia is the most common term used to describe the more profitable criminal organizations around the world, but other terminology exists, such as: international criminal organizations (military usage); transnational crime (United Nations usage); and enterprise crime (FBI usage). As the term is utilized in criminology, it refers to any (or all) of six (6) different types of crime: (1) crime as business, which includes white collar crime as well as various forms of corruption; (2) offenses involving works of art, counterfeiting, or other cultural artifacts; (3) crime associated with the distribution and sale of narcotics as well as other contraband substances; (4) crime associated with human migration or sex trafficking including various forms of prostitution; and (5) crime involving contract murder or for-hire use of force, mostly deadly force; and (6) various forms of computer crime involving identity theft and/or other large-scale financial frauds. No one-sentence conceptual definition exists, and a very useful webpage can be found on the Internet devoted to the Many Definitions of Organized Crime. There are known characteristics of organized crime, such as corruption, violence, sophistication, continuity, structure, discipline, ideology (or lack thereof), multiple enterprises...
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...In addition this paper will describe the role that early legal codes, the common law and the precedent played in the development of courts. And lastly this paper will identify the role of the courts in the criminal justice system today. The courts are a part of the judicial branch in the three branches of government. This means that in this branch the laws are interpreted. Like the other two branches, it works to keep the criminal justice system running as smoothly as possible. The laws are make in the legislative branch and is enforced in the executive branch. The police are a part of the executive branch. So when some one breaks a law, the job of the police, executive branch, is to arrest or ticked said offender. After an arrest or a citation or ticket is made, the next step is the court proceedings. In a case that an arrest is made, the offender is brought in front of a judge and bail is set. After that, if need be, the case is brought to prosecution. If the prosecution takes that case, then the case is put on trial. This is important because it shows just what the judicial part of government and the court part of the criminal justice system does, and why it is important. So the court systems job is to interpret the law and bring justice. The dual court system is a system in that there are state courts and federal courts. Most federal cases deal with international crimes. Such as drug smuggling and arms smuggling. But this is not just what the federal courts...
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...Mexico's Drug War There is a saying in Mexico that states “Mejor vivir como un rey por cinco años que vivir como laborador por cincuenta” which translates to “better to live as a king for five years than as an Ox for fifty.” This is particularly a famous saying between the poor youth because their opportunities are so limited they believe it is better to be part of the “narcos” and be a “narco king” for a short period than to live a long time as a laborer, worker, or slave. Consequently, throughout the years, drug cartels (the most famous being Sinaloa) have developed across Mexico with the intent of making money by selling drugs; this has caused many encounters with the law, corruption, and death. In addition, Fund for Peace (FFP), a research and educational institution, defines a failed state as a state or country whose politics, authority and economic system is weakened to the point that it is no longer in charge. Although this term has received criticism, it is a term given to define a state that has lost control over its territory, is unable to provide basic public services, and whose government is unlawful at time of making a decision consented by large groups. Mexico is currently under “warning” of becoming a failed state, primarily because of the strong roots that have grown within authorities and the government. It takes a stable country to help a failed state recover from its crisis; a prime example is the current relationship between Mexico and the U.S...
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...Police Department Roles and Function CJA/214 August 21, 2015 Police Department Roles and Functions In today’s day and age in the United States there are numerous functions of police agencies. Traffic, patrol, juvenile services, undercover investigations, and special operations are just a few of the many functions of a police agency. There are three levels of police agencies they are local, state, and federal. Each level has some similarities as well as their differences. All functions and roles of policing in any and all communities are valuable and all serve a purpose. Police agencies have several roles and functions such as traffic, patrol, juvenile services, undercover investigations, and special operations are just a few. Police officers tasked with traffic functions are responsible for ensuring the safe movement of traffic, identifying potential traffic problems, arresting offenders, automobile accidents and injuries, safe movement of pedestrians, investigating damaged property, and regulating parking on and off the streets. Traffic functions help keep the roads safer for the public and assist with the flow of traffic. Patrolling functions and patrol officers are the most visible in the police department and are always providing police services within the community. Patrolling officers are always in the eyes of the public and working day in and day out. Patrolling can be done by vehicle, foot, bicycle, and/or horseback riding. Patrol officers...
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...operations conducted at the Eagle Pass, Texas Port of Entry by OFO, the Office of Border Patrol (OBP), and ICE along with State and Local Law Enforcement (STL) such as Texas Department of Public Safety (TXDPS), Eagle Pass Police Department (EGPPD) and Maverick County Sheriff’s Office (MCSO) resulted in the recovery of stolen vehicles that were destined for Zeta TCO operating in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico. Vehicles were driven by Mexican Mafia gang members out of San Antonio, Texas. OFO and OBP also conduct daily operations at the port of entries in search of illicit bulk currency and weapons being smuggled through the port of entry from the United States to Mexico. In their daily operations OFO and OBP encounter suspected Texas gang members who are associated with the Zeta TCO. The Case of Yasiel Puig and Leonys Martin...
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