...Standardized and Localized Strategies and the Role of Culture in Marketing and Consumption Delroy A. Jefferson This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for International Marketing Doctorate of Business Administration SMC University Dr. Babu P. George July 26, 2014 Abstract The paper seeks to examine the arguments surrounding the issue of standardization versus localization as it highlights specific advantages and disadvantages of both as obtained from a review of the prevailing literature. It links cultural patterns with consumerism and seeks to outline an effective approach to market research for entry into international markets. There are strong arguments for implementing standardization and localization but the literature seems to suggest that either strategy in its purest form represent polar extremes and most strategies consists of some elements of both whereby a middle ground is found. Appropriately designed market research unearth local appeals and cultural patterns which play a crucial role in informing the international marketer of the best suited marketing strategy. Keywords Multinational Corporation, Global Corporation, Standardization, Localization, Cultural pattern Introduction For several years there has been an interesting ongoing debate on the subject of what is the most suitable marketing strategy to be implemented; that of standardization across national markets as opposed to a strategy which espouses an adaptation...
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...Implementation and Standardization Strategies Success in today’s business world implies that all aspects of planning be utilized to the fullest. This includes the analysis segmentation and targeting of a potential market to facilitate sales whether retail, local, or global. When these protocol are combined this results in implementation and standardization strategies. Current research also show that, “targeting implementation also implies developing media and message strategies to reach each selected segment”(Johansson, 2009). Team A will construct a document that reviews the implementation strategy for their products which includes the protocol to be used in the global standardization of the merchandise. Factors influencing local and foreign buyer behavior There are many factors that could influence the local and foreign buyer behavior but in this paper, we will focus on four major aspects of influencing. The four key components that we will elaborate on are Cultural, Social, Personal, and Psychological factors. These four key components can be interchanged on the local and foreign buyers market. Understand these particular factors will not only be a good basis for a successful product launch but it can also help bridge the gap within global affairs and communication. Cultural factors involve many situations depending on the country of orgin, or if there is a specific need for the product within that country. According to Perrau, Culture is essential when it comes...
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...to global markets. Student Id : W12030873 Program : International Business management (Year 4) Course Code : IBM1BNN01A Module Code : MK0389 Word Count : 1997 Dead Line : 13/05/2013 Contents page Introduction 3 PART A: Promotion and Branding in Global World 3 Standardized and Localized Strategies 4 Case Study: Nike 5 Case Study: PizzaHut 5 Discussion 6 PART B: Future Environmental issue 6 Changing Social Trends 7 Case Study: Nike 7 Case Study: PizzaHut 8 Conclusion 8 Reference List 9 Introduction With the growing pace of globalization, companies’ marketing departments are faced with a substantial challenge of designing successful marketing strategies promoting their products and services (Keller, 2010). The ongoing academic debate has pointed out the tension between standardization and localization practices (e.g. Whatley, 2012). While the benefits frequently associated with the standardization practice revolve around the promotion of a single consistent message to the global market (Aaker, 1991), the localization paradigm emphasises the particular differences between individual markets and thereby the need to adapt marketing strategies to suit the needs of the local population (Gillespie, Jeanner & Hennessey, 2010). The aim of the presented paper is to critically investigate the promotion and branding strategies pursued by...
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...the global necessity for profitability and brand recognition across international boundaries. The case sheds light on the important roles of culture, legal, economic and practical management strategic decision-making in the success of Multi National Companies. Disney’s strategic mode of entry into the Hong Kong market and the marketing mix and strategies employed for operations are analyzed against the cultural, economic and competitive conditions prevailing on the Hong Kong leisure landscape. Alternative strategies have been suggested taking into consideration the nature of the brand, competition and the society in which it has to operating. Analysis The two major issues and management problems Strategy/mode of entry: Disney’s major challenges for entering the Hong Kong market centers on its strategic mode of entry into the Hong Kong leisure market and failure to device appropriate marketing systems that will make it acceptable and profitable. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan (2013) strategy is “management’s idea on how to best attract customers, operate efficiently, compete effectively, and create value that builds and sustains a company’s position within its industry (p. 809). Globalization and the need to broaden product and market coverage for increased profit and brand recognition are some of the reasons why companies expand overseas. However, the mode of entering a specific market must be examined particularly where the cultural and management systems...
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...Directory Introduction P 2-3 Elaborate Topic P 4–5 Local Advertising P 6–25 Global Advertising P 26–36 Conclusion P36-39 Effective advertisement global or local? Advertisement, every time we turn on TV or radio, surf the Web, check the mail or drive to the supermarket, we are subjected to multiple, and sometimes simultaneous--advertising messages. With that kind of saturation, and the high cost of running an ad campaign, advertisers need to make their ads stand out. Of course, advertising needs to do more than get noticed. It needs to be focused, memorable and ultimately compelling enough to move customers to choose their product or service over all the others fighting for attention. Before we define an effective advertisement is global or local, we should know one thing first . what is the meaning of an effective advertisement? What is the factor to construct a successful advertisement ? effective advertising is advertising that changes the behavior of the consumer of that one thing and also effective advertising, is advertising that makes people feel a certain way about a brand mean it’s all about the brand and how people allow that brand to influence their lives, effective advertising is there is a lot of ways to measure advertising these days, but the over view of what makes an add effective is to people remember and they motivated by is it to the consumption...
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...1. 3 Brand Images & Country of origin (COO) effects 4 Figure 1: Model for developing strong brands based in Country of Origin image 6 1.4 Brand Names 7 2. Discussion 7 2.1 Existence of global brands 7 2.2 Cultural sensitivity & COO image perception 9 2.3 Brand name & national alphabet 9 Figure 2: Chinese naming analysis 10 Figure 3: Domestic brand names in Vietnamese market 11 III. Conclusion 12 IV. REFERENCES 13 I. Introduction Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand. The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal opinion of existence of global brand will be proved in discussion part through previous researches...
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...CONTENTS PREFACE xv PART 1 CHAPTER 1 GLOBAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENTS 1 Understanding Global Markets and Marketing 2 markets are becoming global 2 globalization: the world is becoming smaller 3 globalization and global marketing 4 Globalization: Opportunity or Threat? The Global Marketing Approach 6 6 global marketing and global markets 7 the cage distance framework 7 domestic and global marketing compared 8 Geographic or Spatial Distance 10 Psychic/Cultural Distance 12 The EPRG Framework 13 Developing Global Marketing Strategy 14 The Standardization versus Localization–Adaptation School 14 Levitt and the Globalization of Marketing 16 Standardization versus Mass Customization 17 Managing the Firm’s Value Chain 18 Global Value Chain Configuration 19 Integrating the Firm’s Competitive Strategy 20 Global Competition 20 a global marketing management framework Global Marketing Performance 22 Global Vision—The World Is My Oyster CASE 1-1 CASE 1-2 CHAPTER 2 21 23 A Tortuous Road Ahead for Proton of Malaysia 26 Dabur—Developing Values in an Emerging Economy Through Value Chain and Product Line 31 Assessing the Global Marketing Environment—The Global Economy and Technology 36 the global economy 37 Economic Growth and World Trade 37 Who Are the United States’ Major Customers? 38 High Tech Products Lead World Trade 40 Characteristics of High Technology Markets 42 Technology and Global Financial Services 44 ...
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...Development in China Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Bachelor’s Thesis 28. 04. 2013 International Business Administration Bachelor’s degree (UAS) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Social Sciences, Business and Administration Degree Programme Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Title of Thesis Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) development in China Date 28.04.2013 Pages/Appendices 53+2 Supervisor(s) Jari Niemelä &Heikki Likitalo Client Organization/Partners McDonald's Corporation & Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation Abstract McDonald's and KFC are two international fast food restaurants. They both expended their businesses in global scale. It is obvious that McDonald surpassed KFC in terms of sales and fame in international level. However, in China, KFC performs better than McDonald's. The aim of this study is to find out how these two companies developed differently in Chinese market. By making a comparative study of McDonald's and KFC, different operation and competitive strategy theory will be integrated with their development situation. Research is made based on strategy theory, Internet sources and interviews. The thesis is started with general information, Chinese fast food industrial situation introduction and thesis structure. After having introduced the two companies background, we illustrated strategy theory as thesis theoretical basis. Next, by comparing McDonald’s and KFC’s...
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...The Strategy of International Business Learning objectives • Explain the concept of strategy. • Understand how firms can profit from expanding globally. • Understand how pressures for cost reductions and pressures for local responsiveness influence strategic choice. • Be familiar with different strategies for competing globally and their pros and cons. In this chapter the focus shifts from the environment to the firm itself and, in particular, to the actions managers can take to compete more effectively as an international business. This chapter looks at how firms can increase their profitability by expanding their operations in foreign markets, the different strategies that firms pursue when competing internationally, and the various factors that affect a firm’s choice of strategy. Subsequent chapters build on the framework established here to discuss a variety of topics including the design of organization structures and control systems for international businesses, strategies for entering foreign markets, the use and misuse of strategic alliances, strategies for exporting, and the various manufacturing, marketing, R&D, human resource, accounting, and financial strategies that international businesses pursue. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 12: THE STRATEGY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Opening Case: MTV Networks Introduction Strategy and the Firm Value Creation Strategic Positioning Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain Global...
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...Development in China Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Bachelor’s Thesis 28. 04. 2013 International Business Administration Bachelor’s degree (UAS) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Social Sciences, Business and Administration Degree Programme Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Wei Hu & Yuanyuan Xie Title of Thesis Comparative Study of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) development in China Date 28.04.2013 Pages/Appendices 53+2 Supervisor(s) Jari Niemelä &Heikki Likitalo Client Organization/Partners McDonald's Corporation & Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation Abstract McDonald's and KFC are two international fast food restaurants. They both expended their businesses in global scale. It is obvious that McDonald surpassed KFC in terms of sales and fame in international level. However, in China, KFC performs better than McDonald's. The aim of this study is to find out how these two companies developed differently in Chinese market. By making a comparative study of McDonald's and KFC, different operation and competitive strategy theory will be integrated with their development situation. Research is made based on strategy theory, Internet sources and interviews. The thesis is started with general information, Chinese fast food industrial situation introduction and thesis structure. After having introduced the two companies background, we illustrated strategy theory as thesis theoretical basis. Next, by comparing McDonald’s and KFC’s...
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...or control all of our bottling partners, while many view the company as simply Coca Cola the system operates through multiple local channels. The company manufactures and sells concentrates beverages bases and syrups to bottling operations, owns the brands and it’s responsible for consumers brand marketing initiative. A transnational corporation is any enterprise that undertakes foreign direct investment owns or controls income gathering assets in more than one country, produces goods or services outside its country of origin or engages in international production. For example Coca-Cola Company is a transnational corporation because they have proven successful in their international operations and are one of the most recognized brands in the world. Coca-Cola has used each of the six strategies. Coca-Cola Company was very successful in implementing strategies regardless of the country. The company has 6 keys of strategies necessary for firms to be successful when expanding globally. Differentiation strategy is defined as a marketing technique used by a manufacturer to establish a strong identity in a specific market. It also may be referred to as segmentation strategy. Using this strategy, a manufacturer will introduce different varieties of the same basic product under the same name into a particular product category and thus cover the range of products available in that category. There are several ways a firm can differentiate its’ products. We focused on...
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...chapter 10 the international context There never were, since the creation of the world, two cases exactly parallel. Philip Dormer Stanhope (1694–1773); English Secretary of State INTRODUCTION firms move out of their domestic market on to the Aswith differinglanguage, arenas.system, technologicalinternational stage, they aretofaced business The nations they expand to can vary with regard consumer behavior, legal infrastructure, business culture, educational system, labor relations, political ideology, distribution structures and fiscal regime, to name just a few. At face value, the plurality of the international context can seem daunting. Yet, the question is how important the international differences are for firms operating across borders. Do firms need to adapt to the international diversity encountered, or can they find ways of overcoming the constraints imposed by distinct national systems, structures and behaviors? This matter of understanding and dealing with international variety is one of the key topics for managers operating across borders. A second question with regard to the international context is that of international linkages – to what extent do events in one country have an impact on what happens in other countries? When a number of nations are tightly linked to one another in a particular area, this is referred to as a case of international integration. If, on the other hand, there are very weak links between developments in one country and developments...
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...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HOA SEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE INDIVIDUAL FINAL REPORT HUAWEI CO. LTD AND SOME COMPARISONS TO APPLE INC. INSTRUCTORS: PHAM THI BICH NGOC Ho Chi Minh city, June 2016 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HOA SEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE HUAWEI CO.LTD AND SOME COMPARISONS TO APPLE INC. Student: Student ID | Full Name | 2131344 | Nguyễn Thị Hồng Yến | INSTRUCTOR’S COMMANDS...
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...A Brief Understanding of IBS ‐‐A Case Study of Toyota A Brief Understanding of International Business Strategy --A Case Study of Toyota by Peter LIU, peterliu@acculine‐mfg.com MSc International Business P14B45 International Business Strategy Lecturer: Dr Yee Kwan Tang Sponsored by 10 May 2010 Acculine Precision Manufacturing Company Tel: 0086-574-28887315, Fax: 0086-574-28875303, Web: www.acculine-mfg.com, email: info@acculine-mfg.com A Brief Understanding of IBS --A Case Study of Toyota Page 1 / 12 Content Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 Basic Concept of International Business Strategy ................................................................. 2 Brief Background of The World Auto Industry .................................................................... 4 Brief Background of Toyota .................................................................................................. 4 IBS of Toyota ........................................................................................................................ 6 Entry to US Market ........................................................................................................... 7 Americanization as A Way of Localization ...................................................................... 8 Recommendations ............
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...International Trade & Academic Research Conference (ITARC ), 7 – 8th November, 2012, London.UK. COCA-COLA: International Business Strategy for Globalization Michael Ba Banutu-Gomez William G. Rohrer College of Business, Rowan University, USA Key Words International Differentiation Strategy, Global Strategy, International Marketing Strategy, Culture in International Marketing Strategy, Coca-Cola Strategy, International Distribution Strategy, Choosing Distributors and Channels, The Challenge of Distribution, Hidden Costs And Gains In Distribution, International Collaborative Strategy, International Labor Relations and Management Strategy, and International Diversification Strategy. Abstract The purpose of this research was to analysis the efficiency of global strategies. This paper identified six key strategies necessary for firms to be successful when expanding globally. These strategies include differentiation, marketing, distribution, collaborative strategies, labor and management strategies, and diversification. Within this analysis, we chose to focus on the Coca-Cola Company because they have proven successful in their international operations and are one of the most recognized brands in the world. We performed an in-depth review of how effectively or ineffectively Coca-Cola has used each of the six strategies. The paper focused on Coca-Cola's operations in the United States, China, Belarus, Peru, and Morocco. The author used electronic journals from...
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