...Hermann Rorschach was born in Switzerland in the year 1884. He had just two siblings and was the eldest of the three. As a child, some would see that Rorschach had odd interests. He enjoyed klecksography, which is the art of making inkblots. He was even given the nickname Klecks which means inkblots, that’s how much he was interested in inkblots (Biography.com, 2015). Moreover, even though this was not a common activity for children to partake in, his father who in fact was an art teacher, encourage Rorschach to express himself through painting and drawing (Biography.com, 2015). Even though he was extremely interested in his work, at the end of high school education, like most students at this point in time, was unsure of what career path...
Words: 722 - Pages: 3
...Since its establishment in the early 1920’s the Rorschach test has always been controversial. Named after its Swiss creator, Hermann Rorschach, the Rorschach test is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. Hermann Rorschach was a Swiss Psychiatrist born in Zurich in 1884 to a father who was a local art teacher who encouraged his to express himself in all creative capacity. He received his medical degree from the University of Zurich in 1909. It was a combination of his high creative upbringing, his medical training, and his friendship with Carl Jung, who was using free association to tap into the unconscious, that influenced his book on inkblots and their significance in the world of psychology. Psychologists have...
Words: 1732 - Pages: 7
...he Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patient's own thoughts. In its current version the questionnaire is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex.[1] There are three versions of the BDI—the original BDI, first published in 1961 and later revised in 1978 as the BDI-1A, and the BDI-II, published in 1996. The BDI is widely used as an assessment tool by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. The BDI was used as a model for the development of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), first published in 1979 by clinical psychologist Maria Kovacs.[2] Contents [hide] * 1 Development and history * 1.1 BDI * 1.2 BDI-IA * 1.3 BDI-II * 2 Two-factor approach to depression * 3 Impact * 4 Limitations * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 Further reading * 8 External links ------------------------------------------------- Development...
Words: 21699 - Pages: 87
...idolized in society because they save peoples’ lives which is why they are so admired. They do what the average person believes they cannot accomplish. It is not always the case. Many superheroes have done things that are unthinkable in the name of doing what they think is better for the best for people. As time progressed, people started to lose interest in good superheroes like Superman and started to gain interest in vigilantes like Batman. Vigilantes did what they believed was in the best interest for society. If that meant killing a few innocents to, in exchange, save a hundred lives they would probably do it. People love vigilantes because they do things that one thinks is secretly exciting....
Words: 590 - Pages: 3
...their waking state. For example, schizophrenics have hallucinatory images while they’re not sleeping causing some psychologists to speculate why this happens. People without the disorder and other people with other disorders have been found to dream while they’re in REM sleep which is a major mental process that allows people to dream. The following articles, “Sleep Fantasy in Normal and Schizophrenic Persons,” “An Extension of Freud and Jung’s Theory of Relation of Dream States to Schizophrenia,” “The Neurochemistry of Waking and Sleeping Mental Activity: The Disinhibition-Dopamine Hypothesis,” “Dream Content of Schizophrenics, Nonschizophrenic Mentally Ill, and community Control Adolescents,” “Sleep Disturbance in Schizophrenia” “Rorschach Responses Subsequent to REM Deprivation in Schizophrenic and Nonschizophrenic Patients,” attempt to explain the problem statement: How do dreams differ in people with schizophrenia to those without the disorder, through REM sleep in normal individuals and schizophrenics. Dream content will also be investigated to answer the problem statement and certain sleep habits. In addition Jung’s and Freud’s theory attempt to explain how dreaming is connected with schizophrenia in their conscious state rather than in their sleeping state through thought processes and verbal patterns. Another article also attempts to explain how certain chemicals react in certain parts of the brain to allow dream states, whether in consciousness or unconsciousness...
Words: 2769 - Pages: 12
...Week 2 Clinical Assessment 1st Question. Since Clara is an adopted child I would like to know if the Lawson’s knew any of her biological parent’s history. Clara’s condition could result from genetics, if her parents suffered any psychological disorders Clara’s condition could be hereditary. Also I would want to know at what age Clara become separated from her biological parents, and how long has she been in the family of the Lawson’s. My next question would be to assess the relationship between the Lawson’s to see if they have a good or dysfunctional relationship; is there any fights or arguments in front of Clara? Lastly I would ask how long does Clara’s tantrums last? Does she try to hurt herself or others around her? The Lawson’s mention that Clara’s tantrums are recent, I would want to know if there were any significant changes or events that may have happened in Clara’s life that may have had a direct or indirect effect on Clara’s life. 2nd Question. I would consider the Rorschach test and drawing (Comer, 2005, p. 72) simply because Clara is only 4 years old it would be difficult to conduct any other forms of clinical assessment. The Rorschach test would be ideal for getting Clara to let me into her thought processes. At Clara’s age she is not capable of accurately describing her life and how she feels about it. I would also consider clinical observation more specifically naturalistic observation (Comer, 2005, p. 79). With this type of observation I would be...
Words: 603 - Pages: 3
...Below is a much briefer summary of the case study of Eve The aim of this case study was to provide an account of the treatment of a 25-year-old woman who was referred to Thigpen and Cleckley because of 'severe and blinding headaches'. The psychiatrists used a case study method. This consisted of interviews with the patient and her family, hypnosis, observation, EEG tests and a number of psychometric and projective tests including, memory tests, ink blot tests and intelligence tests. The patient (referred to as Eve White in the study) had been referred for therapy to one of the authors because of ‘severe and blinding headaches’. At the first interview she also complained of ‘‘blackouts’’ following her headaches. However they were puzzled that Eve White had no memory of a recent trip. The therapists used hypnosis and the amnesia was cleared. Several days after a visit to the therapists, a letter from Eve White appeared at the therapists’ office. The letter concerned her therapy and was written in her usual handwriting, but at the bottom of the page there was a paragraph that looked like a child had written it. On her next visit Eve White denied sending the letter, though she recalled having begun one, which she never finished and thought she had destroyed. During the interview, Eve White who was normally very self-controlled became distressed and asked whether hearing an occasional imaginary voice made her insane. She reported that she had on several occasions over the...
Words: 1059 - Pages: 5
...Personality Tests: Tools in Psychology LeighAnn Hancock Kaplan University PS330: Personality Development Professor Stephen Huber December 5, 2012 Personality Tests: Tools in Psychology Personality Tests: Tools in Psychology I. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test, developed to make C.G. Jung’s personality type theory understandable and applicable to person’s everyday life. The MBTI is a psychometric instrument designed to sort people into groups of personality types. Jungian theory posits that there are different functions and attitudes of consciousness. Perception is the means by which one becomes aware of people, things, events, and concepts; judgment is the means of coming to conclusions about how to handle the information thus gathered (C.J. Jung’s Theory of Types, 2012). Applications have been made across a broad spectrum of human experience, including in areas such as counseling and psychotherapy; education, learning styles, and cognitive styles; career counseling; management and leadership in business organizations and the military services; and health-related issues. A. The MBTI has a unique and interesting history. Unlike most personality inventories, it was initially designed to facilitate research interests, and only later adapted for general use. 1. “The MBTI is a self-report questionnaire that assesses type preferences on Extraversion-Introversion (E-I), Sensation-Intuition (S-N), Thinking-Feeling (T-F), and also on Judgment-Perception...
Words: 1430 - Pages: 6
...Abstract Our personality is what makes us who we are. It determines how we behave, how we react to different situations and it can also help people determine what kind of person you are. We spend a lot of our lives trying to make friends, be a likeable person, and wanting respect from those around us. This paper will discuss four perspectives of personality, showing the different ways of thinking in the psychological community. We will also discuss theories involved in personality development, how personality is assessed, the benefits of those assessments, as well as issues that need to be taken in to account when assessing personality. Personality Paper There are several theories to personality. What makes us who we are and what we will be like, are interesting questions that the psychological community has spent years trying to answer. As with a lot of theories in the psychological community, there are several ways of thinking for personality and how it is developed and trained. The Trait Perspective Common, Secondary Traits are a good defining character of what kind of person someone is. Are they outgoing and calm? Are they reserved and ill tempered? The trait perspective is different from other theories, in that it focuses on the different traits in individuals and not experiences they may have had as children or things they came to on their own. One person’s individual traits are what makes up their personality. The Psychoanalytic Perspective Unconscious...
Words: 724 - Pages: 3
...as one in which she has the agency that she is denied in the real world. Ultimately, Ofelia’s fairy tale world offers her insight into the real world and salvation from the horrors of the real world. In an interview, Ethan Alter asked Guillermo del Toro whether Ofelia’s fantasy world is real or all in her mind. He answered that it’s true: “There’s a very clear instance in the movie where there is no other explanation” (Ethan 14). He says that “in my mind, the movie tries to say that if you don’t know where to look, you won’t see these creatures. Like Vidal—he’s unable to see them” (Ethan 14). However, he does say that other viewers may see the film in different ways: “there are two kinds of audiences for this movie: one that will believe it’s real and the other that will think it’s imaginary. For me, the movie is like a Rorschach test. It defines you as a glass-half-empty or glass-half-full person. Which is fine, I like the idea of that being your choice” (Ethan 14). Del Toro’s comments prove that Pan’s Labyrinth attempts to show a world in which fairy tales offer insight into reality and a means of saving oneself from its daily...
Words: 265 - Pages: 2
...Although sad, Tony at one point in show realizes that his mother wished his death. Willis calls this a “turning point in the story”; this was a great thing because the truth has made Tony free (573). Willis was very specific in examples and of times in the show when Tony was changing as a character. Mob mentality was cause for moral dilemmas and searches for forgiveness. All of which, tony Soprano happily arrived at in the end. 2. What observations does Willis make about “self-consciousness” or “self-knowledge” as crucial aspect of our understanding of The Sopranos? It’s noted at one point that Jennifer Melfi occasionally in the show criticizes whether or not movies like Goodfellas make for bad pictures of Italians. There is an understandable view of self-consciousness in Willis’ article stated like so: “self-consciousness, then, is a...
Words: 676 - Pages: 3
...Personality Kristen Lewis PSY/211 April 8, 2014 Dr. Diane H. Taylor Personality The definition of personality is a persons unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking. There are several factors that play roles in a persons personality the culture they are raised along with the environment also DNA plays an important role. Even though, there are many different theories of personality key influences from many different psychologist play a role in the theories on personality and also the brain structure of personality. The amount of personality theories that are out there is a large number but the number that is normally used is the basic four perspectives. The first perspective is the psychoanalytic perspective that emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and the influence of early childhood experience. Also there is the humanistic perspective that represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of a persons unique potential. The third is the social cognitive perspective this emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive processes, including the importance of beliefs about the self, goal setting, and self-regulation. Lastly is the trait perspective that emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals. (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2014) Personality development theories are based on the basic four as discussed earlier. The Differences amongst the four are great....
Words: 759 - Pages: 4
...who was chosen to be involved in an experimental surgery that was said to triple his intelligence. the reason that he was selected for this is because he has an extremely low IQ level. although he faces many hardships throughout the story, he is determined to succeed. That is why I think that the theme of the story is that if you put your mind to something, you can accomplish anything. First, at the beginning of the story, charlie is just an average person with an immense desire to become smart. He was going to school after work every night and his teacher, Mrs. Kinnian said that he is one of the most hard working students in her class. In the story when charlie first takes the Rorschach test, the tester asks...
Words: 709 - Pages: 3
...relatively unchanging traits. Some theorists believe that there are thousands of different traits that make up human personality. Raymond Cattell’s theory identified 16 personality traits that he believed could be utilized to understand and measure individual differences in personality. Where as Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: Introduced the big five theory, which identifies five key dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to experience, 4) conscientiousness and 5) agreeableness. Socio-cognitive theorists argue that personalities are direct results of personal histories and interpretations. Because these can only be experienced individually, persons have entirely unique personalities and no two are the same. Concepts like self-efficacy are common within the socio-cognitive theory, and Julian Rotter's theory of the "locus of control" holds that a person’s focus on external or internal occurrences largely...
Words: 746 - Pages: 3
...can be counted counts.’ Albert Einstein The words ‘test’ and ‘measurement’, as used in psychology, are misleading because of the implied similarity to scientific measurements and medical tests. Conventional psychological testing is quite different from scientific measurements in natural sciences. What is accomplished by the application of psychological measurement is an estimation of a psychological construct. Psychological tests and measurements of personality, intelligence, attitude and motivation are fundamentally different from quantitative measurements in physical sciences such as height, weight and blood urea. Paul Kline, one of the foremost exponents of psychometric theory clarifies the issue as follows: ‘There are no units of [psychological] measurement and no true zeros. Whatever psychological measurement is, it is not scientific measurement as defined in natural sciences ... If we consider what is meant by intelligence or extraversion, just for example, it is by no means clear what units of measurement might be used or what the true zero may mean. This problem applies to the majority of psychological concepts and variables’ (Kline, 2000). Besides, it is often mistakenly believed that psychological tests are ‘objective’, meaning that their findings and scores reflect an outside existence (as opposed to being subjective) and are real or at least approximate something close to it, as in laboratory tests, for example. The term objectivity has an entirely...
Words: 9864 - Pages: 40
