...Policies and Theories Veronica Vega: American Intercontinental University Abstract There are many theories that influenced many of the policies that we have today. Such as the Graffiti reduction program which has been influences by the argument of windows theory. Then there is the Neighborhood watch program which shows how the social disorganization theory has been influential to the program. Finally we have the Midnight Basketball program who is connected by the differential association theory. Below, all these theories and policies will be defined and there will be a better understanding on how all of these policies assisted the from decreasing violence around the community. Graffiti reduction programs include interventions that are employed on simple scales such as use of anti-graffiti paints to extensive multi-stakeholder programs. This multibillion dollar program is part of the crime prevention strategies targeting youths. The policy works on the belief that graffiti can cause social disorder as people associate the street art with presence of criminals and gangs in their neighborhoods. Stakeholders work together to eliminate existing graffiti as well as identifying perpetrators. The implementation of graffiti reduction programs have been influenced by arguments of windows theory. According to this theory, simple crimes, such as street violence, are harbingers of more serious disorders (Aiyer, Zimmerman...
Words: 1070 - Pages: 5
...Executive order 9066 (EO 9066) is the famed document which led to the incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans and can ultimately be perceived as an overwhelming failure in American History. Some may argue that by putting forth the order, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) prevented many potential acts of espionage which at the time could have been an extremely effective tool for the Japanese empire. However; by issuing such an order many citizens lost their freedom, families and much of their culture. To truly understand the reasoning for Executive Order 9066 we must first look at the parties involved. The relationship between the United States and Japan had long been strained. In 1853, 200 years of isolation by the self sustained...
Words: 1429 - Pages: 6
...June Tozzi US History 1302 Robert Kennedy 2-14-14 The Wild West? The Old West frontier represents a land filled with opportunity, growth and new beginnings. Although new beginnings seemed like a blessing the opportunity came with harsh vices such as climate change, little resources, and little government influence. The West has been portrayed as frontier filled with violence and anarchy, but many young historians have come to challenge the glamorization of the Wild West stating that it was not as violent as the rest of the country as previously depicted. Though Robert Dykstra clarifies how low body count could skew homicide rates that illustrate high levels of violence in Dodge City, one city alone cannot discard the ferocity created between young transient males, crimes erupted between gangs, conflict and atrocities amongst Native Americans Professor David T. Courtright preserves the idea that the frontier was indeed very violent. Professor Courtright helps define the vague use of the West with the distinctions illustrated by Walter Nugent who defines two forms of frontiers. Type one was a frontier of farming and had a core of nuclear families, and the second focused on the industrial industries, such as mining, with a population almost entirely of young males. He agrees that type one frontiers had little violence due to the fact that they were family-based and elderly community. However, the counterpart type two frontiers where exponentially...
Words: 1646 - Pages: 7
...Analysis: The Plague of Doves Western Governors University Analysis: The Plague of Doves There were many compelling choices for my first Introduction to Humanities analysis. But Louise Erdrich had previously caught my eye while reading the course material, and I remember how much her work had made an impression on me; her dedication to writing about the Native American experience, and how multiculturalism in America had not necessarily been kind to them (MindEdge, Inc., 2015). So I was pleased to see that one of the choices was the first chapter of her novel “The Plague of Doves”. After reading the first chapter my initial thought was; “I want to read more!” It was well written, easy to read, and presented the turn of the 20th century life of the Native American vividly. The author’s use of words and prose transported me back to that time, how the narrator’s great-grandparents met, ran away, and eventually returned to the reservation. Their struggle to survive together amidst racial segregation and violence was well interspersed with stories of the burgeoning love life of the narrator in the 1960’s. This was the one aspect that impressed me the most, how the stories of the two generations were interspersed together in a way that tied them together, each story flowing from one to the other, but in a way that was easy to track and understand. The impression that I got from this style of writing was the apparent contrast and similarities of the generations, and at the...
Words: 1486 - Pages: 6
...should never be doubted. In my personal value system and for the purpose of this Value Reflection paper, spirituality is forever tied to knowing God and doing God's will. We often hear the word "spirituality" used to signify that one has faith in a higher power. Spirituality as it is seen in Christianity is to believe in God. As a Christian, we believe that God loves us. We believe that Jesus died for us. We believe that Jesus rose from the dead with all power in his hand. Spirituality as it relates to Christianity says believe on a merciful God that loves and offers us redemption in spite of, and because of, our sins. In regards to counseling and my personal value of spirituality, I understand my need to be multiculturally aware and vigilante towards ethically serving the needs of my clients. According to Elliott (2008), while conflicts regarding sexual orientation and gender identity often receive attention, other value conflicts may emerge in the counseling process both for practicing counselors and...
Words: 1433 - Pages: 6
...Introduction Unlike the United States, our criminal procedure follows an adversarial system, which is based under English Common Law. The people of Iran and many other countries and governments in the Middle East, follow Islamic law, also known as Sharia Law. Sharia Law is the underlying influence of the legal code in many Muslim countries. What is Sharia Law? Sharia law, also known, as Islamic law is a movement derived from the Holy Quran that allows such countries as Iran to govern personal status laws, regulations that pertain to divorce and marriage, inheritance and custody. In the Middle East, Sharia law contains major controversy when it comes to influence status law as well as criminal law. The Holy Quran and some of its interpretations are used to justify what Americans would describe as cruel and unusual punishments like death by stoning and the unequal treatment of women in their dress, status, inheritance and independence (Johnson, 2010). The Iranian government follows and sets forth laws under Sharia and the ways of the Holy Quran and prophet Mohammed. Sharia developed in 632 CE after the death of the prophet Mohammad and passed down by scholars as the ways of “Allah”, the ways of the one and only God. People of the Muslim faith follow a school called the Ja’fari, which is most notable in Iran as Shia-dominant (Johnson, 2010). Elements Under Sharia Law: The primary element of Sharia is the Holy Quran. There are not other appeals that go against the...
Words: 1322 - Pages: 6
...between 1924 (the year that Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life hosted a party for black writers where many white publishers were in attendance) and 1929 (the year of the stock market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression). Contents [hide] 1 Background to Harlem 2 Development of African-American community in Harlem 2.1 An explosion of culture in Harlem 3 Music 4 Characteristics and themes 5 Influence of the Harlem Renaissance 5.1 A new black Identity 5.2 Criticism of the movement 6 Notable figures and their works 6.1 Novels 6.2 Short story collections 6.3 Drama 6.4 Poetry 6.5 Leading intellectuals 6.6 Visual artists 6.7 Popular entertainment 6.8 Musicians and composers 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 10 Bibliography Background to Harlem [edit] Until the end of the Civil War, the majority of African Americans had been enslaved and lived in the South. After the end of slavery, the emancipated African Americans began to strive for civic participation, political equality and economic and cultural self-determination. Soon after the end of the Civil War the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 gave rise to speeches by African American Congressmen addressing this...
Words: 3129 - Pages: 13
...…………………………………………........…..... p. 5 COMPETITIVE & DISTRIBUTIVE FORCES …………………………...........… p. 6 MARKETING & MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT …………………….........… p. 8 APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………........…….. p.9-11 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………............ p. 12 PHYSICAL FORCES Location: Next door neighbor to the huge market that will be created under the North American Free Trade Agreement: Mexico, United States, Canada (with 360 million consumers), and member of the Central American market (with 30 million consumers). This geographic proximity substantially lowers time and costs of communications and transportation and makes a "quick response " framework possible. Political Relationship: Congressional, municipal, and first-round presidential elections took place on September 9, 2007. The final round of presidential elections took place on November 4, 2007. Inauguration for the new president and the new Congress took place on January 14, 2008. The next presidential elections are scheduled for September 2011. Common and violent crime, aggravated by a legacy of violence and vigilante justice, presents a serious challenge. Impunity remained a major problem, primarily because democratic institutions, including those responsible for the administration of justice, have developed only a limited capacity to cope with this legacy. Guatemala's judiciary is independent; however, it suffers from inefficiency, corruption, and intimidation. Topography: The land is mostly...
Words: 2315 - Pages: 10
...and radical cultural transformation necessary for all to enjoy prosperity. America upheld the impression of hope for centuries; yet not all the inhabitants of land of the free cooperatively supported equal rights. The mere confidence in holding on to a dream became difficult for individuals, as well as families, as unremitting rejection from society left many in poverty. Subordination of minorities in American generated a strenuous struggle by both African-Americans and numerous white Americans advocates who endorse the termination of racism and encourage egalitarianism. The awe-inspiring production A Raisin in the Sun became renowned as a historical reenactment of a handful of people most personal, influential, monumental, life altering moments in life that occur within their home. The play epitomizes real life’s situations about overcoming obstacles, defining one’s distinctive way of life, and handling idiosyncratic conditions at home in a reconstruction of the fictitious Younger family who animate life in 1950s America, moreover Chicago. The play was created by an African-American writer Lorraine Hansberry in 1959 who advocated for human rights which consists of racial minorities and women. In the day to day reality of the Younger’s situation, Mama, Beneatha, Ruth and Walter are able to come together in harmony realizing that together they are stronger than they are separately. The moral in A Raisin in the Sun, publicized through the Younger family, epitomizes the magnanimous...
Words: 2373 - Pages: 10
...(Taxman, Pattavina, & Caudy, 2014). Based on this, the determination of the causes of ineffective reentry is discussed with focus on the mass incarceration and prisoner reentry. In pursuit of this objective, scholarly material is identified and reviewed, from which discussion on the trends of mass incarceration and reentry shall be done and thereafter, the analysis of the theoretical and policy issues aligned to the topical issue shall be conducted. Based on the results of the research, policy recommendations on improving the effectiveness of reentry programs and thereby reducing collateral harms of incarceration shall be developed. Based on the research which has been conducted, it has been ascertained that one of the most significant influences of mass incarceration and prisoner reentry effectiveness are the policy which lead to incarceration, the structure of the criminal justice system, and the conditions which the prisoners are exposed to while incarcerated. In the succeeding section, the paper describes the trends in mass incarceration and prisoner reentry. Trends in Mass Incarceration and Prisoner Reentry in the United States From the beginning the 1970, the United States realized a steep increase in the rate of incarcerations. However, these cannot be compared to the rise of levels which hit a daily occupancy rate of over two million inmates at any given day in 2003 (Morenoff & Harding, 2014). This is in line with the increasing rates of recidivism and the costs of supervision...
Words: 4643 - Pages: 19
...as the automobile capital of the world and a city with a prosperous diverse cultural social class which includes: Polish, English, Italian, English, Mexican, Irish, African, Middle Eastern, and Greek descent (City of Detroit, n.d.). Due to the diverse population, many factors contribute to crime. Changes of events such as land use, property values, transportation, and retail has been linked to how people’s views of criminal behavior has increased. Throughout the last several decades there have been many changes to the overall functionality of government, unemployment, communities and crime rates of Detroit. Society has a set way of how people should behave and how they should act among each other. Society envisions of what living the American dream should be like. People assume that they should be able live lavish life styles, but living that lifestyle can come with some consequences. Detroit has gone through many changes over the last several decades many schools, communities and other areas of society have had to adjust to social norms. Like every other city, there are going through financial hardships trying to maintain the characterization of what the city once was. Originally this city played a key role for industrialization for America. Society once viewed Detroit as a place of opportunity. It was a place where people were able to succeed, however now society sees nothing but darkness and fear. Social life changes dramatically when cities can’t provide the take for granted...
Words: 2375 - Pages: 10
...Europe the Punk music scene was expanding and developing. European punk music was an imitation of what musicians had heard while the Ramones (Stim 2006) and Sex Pistols (Morley 2006) played their shows in London. UK rock and roll bands would be seen speeding up their material and shows to emulate American punk music. As the punk scene would become more commercialized in the UK, several bands were breaking off from the punk songwriting standards; instead their sound would fuse ideas from early punk, British rock band, football chants, and pub rock bands. In 1977 a UK punk band named the "Cockney Rejects" (Turner and Bushell 2005) would form in East London, three years later in 1980 Garry Bushell, a rock journalist, would take a title from one of their songs to name this movement. The song "Oi! Oi! Oi!" would lend its name to describe this sub genre's style of music, and thus Oi!! was retroactively born. In the early 1980's Oi! would make its way to America, however changing from its UK roots. (Rollins 1994) Oi! would dovetailed with the punk, hardcore punk scene that was already prevalent in the early 80's in the US. The hardcore punk scene was comprised of punks, Neo-Nazi's, the American Front, Skinheads, and Boneheads, a different composition than found in the UK Oi! fan base. (Bushell n.d.) The Origination of Oi! The UK Oi! originated out of a wide array of people, the sub genre of punk would be comprised of punk rockers and non punk rockers, skinheads and non skinheads...
Words: 4390 - Pages: 18
...the ‘champion’ of human rights in the world. The United States of America is at a critical stage in its historical development poised between political regression and economic decomposition. The year 2014 was marred with a myriad of African-American shootings, incarceration of protesters and other deplorable acts of police brutality. It is my view in this paper that these incidences are much more profound and anchored in historical aspects the most astounding being racism and oppressive legislation proffered since the days of slavery and Black oppression. I will deliberately use the ‘Black and White’ epithet so as to traverse my arguments. The years in between the Occupy Wall...
Words: 3644 - Pages: 15
...Mississippi ratifies 13th amendment abolishing slavery ... 147 years late Academics prompt ratification after noticing that 1995 move to accept amendment detailed in Lincoln had not been completed * Share77 * * * 1 * inShare0 * ------------------------------------------------- Email Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln. Photograph: David James/AP Mississippi has officially ratified the 13th amendment to the US constitution, which abolishes slavery and which was officially noted in the constitution on 6 December 1865. All 50 states have now ratified the amendment. 1. ------------------------------------------------- Lincoln 2. Production year: 2012 3. Countries: India, Rest of the world, USA 4. Cert (UK): 12A 5. Runtime: 150 mins 6. Directors: Steven Spielberg 7. Cast: Daniel Day-Lewis, David Strathairn, Hal Holbrook, James Spader, John Hawkes, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Lee Pace, Sally Field, Tommy Lee Jones 8. More on this film Mississippi's tardiness has been put down to an oversight that was only corrected after two academics embarked on research prompted by watching Lincoln, Steven Spielberg's Oscar-nominated film about president Abraham Lincoln's efforts to secure the amendment. Dr Ranjan Batra, a professor in the department of neurobiology and anatomical sciences at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, saw Spielberg's film and wondered about the implementation of the 13th amendment after the Civil War. He discussed...
Words: 15462 - Pages: 62
...Chapter 3: Leading Situations 110 Lesson 3: Decision Making and Problem Solving Unit 2: Leadership Theory and Application LESSON 3: DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING INTRODUCTION — PUTTING YOUR LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN PERSPECTIVE As we have indicated throughout your previous JROTC lessons, leadership is the process of influencing others by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. Purpose gives subordinates a reason why they should do different things, sometimes under stressful circumstances. Direction shows what must be done. Through motivation, leaders give subordinates the will to do everything they are capable of doing to accomplish a mission. LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK Recall the fundamentals of BE, KNOW, and DO. As you can clearly see, they are deeply embedded throughout the leadership framework illustrated below. The top of this framework shows the four categories of things that leaders must BE, KNOW, and DO. They are values, attributes, skills, and actions. The bottom lists the dimensions of leadership, grouped under these four categories. The dimensions consist of the seven values and 15 subcategories under attributes, skills, and actions. Leadership starts at the top, with the character of the leader, with your character. In order to lead others, you must first ensure your own house is in order. Leadership begins with what the leader must BE, the values and attributes...
Words: 16525 - Pages: 67
