...schooling, and will allow you the audience to make a decision that would be beneficial to your specific needs. I would like to say special thanks to Professor Amanda Richey for granting me the opportunity to research a topic that is of personal interest and I hope that you will all enjoy reading my report. Yours Truly, Cadien Vaccianna Table of Content Title Page 1 Letter of Transmittal 2 Table of Content 3 Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Literature review 6 Importance of Home school vs Public school 8 Home school environment vs Public school 9 Socialization 10 Conclusion 11 References 13 Abstract Making the best choice for your child’s education is a crucial step that will determine his or her future direction and instill discipline, values and beliefs that will help the...
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...Political Socialization is an ongoing process that begins early in life which eventually identifies one’s beliefs and/or expectations in politics. Political Socialization can begin on the playground and continue to the office or the dinner table. A person’s upbringing can have a large impact on political socialization, because children consciously and unconsciously mold a foundation of their parent’s political beliefs. These political views are reinforced throughout their lives. Common agents that have an effect on a person’s political socialization are family, peers, religious influences, political parties, and mass media. There are two distinctive levels of political socialization. There is a primary level which is the subliminal influence (unconscious), and there is the secondary level which is the more formal influences (conscious). The primary level is socialization through family, peers, and social groups. A person is actually unaware that they are being conditioned to think in a particular way...
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...socialization Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language, social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community. It is a combination of both self-imposed (because the individual wants to conform) and externally-imposed rules, and the expectations of the others. In an organizational setting, socialization refers to the process through which a new employee 'learns the ropes,' by becoming sensitive to the formal and informal power structure and the explicit and implicit rules of behavior. See also organizational culture and orientation. Elements of Socialization[edit] Socialization is a fundamental sociological concept, comprising a number of elements. While not every sociologist will agree which elements are the most important, or even how to define some of the elements of socialization, the elements outlined below should help clarify what is meant by socialization. Goals of Socialization[edit] A kindergarten in Afghanistan. Arnett,[1] in presenting a new theoretical understanding of socialization (see below), outlined what he believes to be the three goals of socialization: impulse control and the development of a conscience role preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood the cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for In short, socialization is the process that prepares...
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...In the broadest perspective, education refers to all efforts to impart knowledge and shape values; hence, it has essentially the same meaning as socialization. However, when sociologists speak of education, they generally use a more specific meaning: the deliberate process, outside the family, by which societies transmit knowledge, values, and norms to prepare young people for adult roles (and, to a lesser extent, prepare adults for new roles). This process acquires institutional status when these activities make instruction the central defining purpose, are differentiated from other social realms, and involve defined roles of teacher and learner (Clark 1968). Schools exemplify this type of institutionalization. The central insight of the sociology of education is that schools are socially embedded institutions that are crucially shaped by their social environment and crucially shape it. The field encompasses both micro- and macro-sociological concerns in diverse subfields such as stratification, economic development, socialization and the family, organi zations, culture, and the sociology of knowledge. To understand modern society, it is essential to understand the role of education. Not only is education a primary agent of socialization and allocation, modern societies have developed formidable ideologies that suggest that education should have this defining impact (Meyer 1977). Durkheim (1977) was the intellectual pioneer in this field, tracing the historical connections...
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...Gender Discrimination The issue of discrimination has been the cause of raging debates for a long time in the history of the United States. Such discrimination may be based on race, gender color, ethnicity, or any other basis that distinguishes people and tends to favor specific groups over others. During the history of America, the American people have observed discrimination on many fronts and especially so against black people and the minority. The concepts of race, gender, and class have had a tremendous effect on children’s experiences through the American education system. Different children and people have different life experiences as well as different backgrounds. As such, one cannot wish away these elements of race gender and class in an education system that has real people from real societies. As such, a society can only hope to find ways of reducing the distinctions and the discrimination associated with those elements in the schools. The discussion in this paper will analyze the modern forms of racial and sexual discrimination, which affects access and treatment of students in schools. It will propose an argument for ways of creating racial and gender equality in schools in the United States. Equality of education in American schools refers to the provision of similar opportunities, expectations, and support in education for people from both gender as well as for people from different backgrounds (DeMarrais, Kathleen& Margaret 291). It refers to the...
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...Political Socialization The process in how a person forms their political ideals and values by taking in what is around them. People are politically socialized by different agents of socialization. These agents include a person’s family, the media, where they have received their education, their peers, religion, faith, geography, age, and gender. This definition holds true in America and in different countries as well.. Everyone is politically socialized in some manner. The importance of age in the process of political socialization is rather important. Young or old, the ideals of how the government is seen by someone has a direct effect on what their age is. The agent of age is unique because some agents of political socialization turn into factors of age in political socialization. These factors include family, school, media, and religion. Why do young people older citizens’ majority of the time seem to have different political outlook from each other? Anja Neundorf gives a three part answer to contribute a reason to this question. The first part of an answer to why older and younger people differ in political views states “So-called age effects refer to changes that are associated with basic biological processes or progression through the life-cycle as social roles change with age or as the accumulation of social experience increases” (Neundorf 2). In other words as an individual gets older their behavior changes according to where they are in the life cycle. Political...
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...The Media as an Agent in Socialization According to the reading, “Socialization and Culture” from the book “Interdisciplinary English” by Loretta F. Kasper, socialization is the process in which a child learns how to behave in life and participate in a group in society. Socialization has four basic agents: family, school, peers and the mass media. Each one of these agents plays a role in our lives. However, in my opinion, the most important agent of socialization for the development of the child is the mass media. The Mass Media are the different processes that facilitate communication between the sender of a message and the receiver of that message. It plays an important role in the socialization of children. In fact, there are many types of media; these include newspapers, magazines, radio, films, CDs, Internet, and television. These kinds of media, especially television, affect children’s and adult’s behavior in different ways. According to the article, “Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age”, “The average family in the United States has at least one television turned on for at least seven hours a day.” Television is the biggest mass media in this country and has positive and negative aspects. There are some programs which are very helpful with lots of information for the children. For example; on channel thirty-three, there is a good program called“Dora the explorer”. Children can learn to speak Spanish and also do things such as singing, standing up and pronouncing...
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...or gender marker. When females are born they become little girls and when males are born they become little boys, girls dressed in pink and the boys in blue. In society simple things such as colors are gendered and further the notion of gender differences in society that programs individuals on what they can and cannot do. Gender inequality in the United States is an obvious social problem as women represent 51 percent of the population, which means that slightly more than half of the population is affected by gender inequality. Media is a powerful entity and has the ability to...
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...Hinton aka Kelsey The Role of Education and Economic Growth Author Samuel Bowles is a firm believer that Education and Economic Growth go hand in hand, especially in a country like the U.S., where technology is steady changing and great minds are needed in order to keep up! They actually go hand in hand. “While the spread of education has undoubtedly been one cause of economic growth in most countries, the reciprocal relationship is also important. The development of general education in the United States and Europe may be due in large part to the rapid rate of economic and social change, which renders it increasingly difficult to provide adequate socialization and occupational training for youth in the traditional family, church, and apprentice-oriented systems of education. In an era characterized by rapid technological change, urbanization, and shifts in the sectorial and occupational distribution of the labor force, the skills of the fathers do not meet the needs of the sons; indeed, the skills sufficient for the sons in their young manhood may be obsolete before they reach middle age. For this reason education and training have become increasingly specialized, their functions carried out by full-time teachers in institutions designed solely for that purpose, that is, in schools. At the same time, the content of education has become increasingly general, with the stress on literacy and the broader aspects of economic and political socialization of youth rather than on specific...
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...Introduction In America, socialization is used as a method of instruction. It can not only assist in teaching a person life lessons of etiquette that will ensure an easy insertion or reception into society, but will also discipline a growing individual in customs, education, and culture necessary for survival. Here, however, we will focus on the socialization of gender roles and the expectations which constitute gender roles, including methods and agents of socialization, as well as some of the effects it has on certain individuals. By being conscious of these details, one will be better equipped to understand societal expectations, and be versed to make informed decisions of how to rear your children, especially if your child or children self-identify as being homosexual because the socialization of gender roles in the United States causes confusion amongst or conflict within homosexuals as a result of gender role expectations and the gender roles they assume and find to be natural. Defining Gender To begin with, gender is defined as a social structure that is culturally or socially engineered and was devised in the early hunter-gatherer age (Connell). It emphasizes the distinctions between “females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with ‘femininity’ and ‘masculinity’” (Kendall 2012). Informally, says the World English Dictionary, “it is the state of being male, female, or neuter” or “any of the categories, such as masculine, feminine...
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...Degree by Default The writer of “Degree by Default”, April Yee, is a Ph.D. degree candidate in the Sociology and Higher Education departments at the University of Pennsylvania. She does a lot of research into the sociology in education and social class inequality. The article “Degree by Default” gets into the reason(s) behind why graduates from high school go to college. She Followed 34 first-year students from diverse backgrounds, male and female students, and even first generation students to children that had parents that went to college. With all the diverse students chosen, she wanted to find out why students went to college, consequences of going to college when you aren’t really sure you want to go, and the “college for all” effect on society. The students she chose for her research had varying reasons for going to college. Some of the reasons for going include; because it was the next logical step in their lives, a degree is necessity to have a secure middle-class lifestyle, to have the college “experience” for personal growth, to figure out who they were, their parents put pressure on them, and/or just going through the motions, and one actually wanted to go to learn more. All the diverse backgrounds came as many different reasons why they went to college in the first place, but for the most part, she discovered that the main reasons that these college freshmen went was because they felt like they had to because it was what is expected of them of societies...
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...Home-schooling; a Public School Alternative? Monique Mapp In 2011, based on statistics from the National Household Education Surveys, an estimated 1.77 million students were home-schooled in the United States. This constituted a 0.5 percent increase from the surveys done in 2007. The reason for this upsurge is simple; home-schooling is a viable alternative to public education. The home-educated are reaching and surpassing standards set by public schools. Home-schooling is as effective as public-school in meeting a student’s academic, social, and physical needs, providing quality education in a focused and engaging environment. In 2011-2012, the U.S. Department of Education released statistics revealing that 74 percent of parents who choose to educate their children at home, did so because of a dissatisfaction with the academic instruction of other schools. Opposition declares that home-schooled children do not perform as well academically than their public-school counterparts. The fact is, however, the home-educated meet and exceed academic expectations when compared to their public-schooled peers. Both GPA and graduation rate is slightly elevated above that of public-school students. The average GPA of a home-schooled student is 3.41 compared to the 3.12 GPA of their public-schooled counterparts. Public-school students also graduated at a lower rate (58.6%) than home-schoolers (66.7%). Overall, home-schoolers are more academically prepared for...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...has imprinted as normal in the past, but has come a long way, is the ideal of men being better than women ultimately getting the upper hand. Gender inequality has made a major impact on our society throughout the years making changes in how our politics, culture (socially), and economics are handled and seen. We, as a society, need to keep encouraging people to look beyond stereotypes and recognize the contributions that each person, female or male, can make to the workplace and our social order. Furthermore, women have had to fight for equality in politics in the United States by winning the right to vote, as well as a seat at the political table. The Nineteenth Amendment in our Constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920. Although, gender stereotypes about female politicians and voters still exist till this day. Since gaining the right to vote, women have worked in many levels of government in the United States. For example, President Ronald Reagan named Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female Supreme Court justice in 1981. Currently, out of the nine sitting justices three are women. Gender stereotypes still exist, despite the rising presence of women in American politics. The 2006 statistics of the Studies Pilot Study from the American National Election showed that voters of both genders, regardless of their political influences, anticipated men to...
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...DENISE JOHNSON HUMAN BEHAVIOR Development and Socialization * Human Development * Socialization * Examples Quality of Life and the Child’s Development * Proper and Necessary Skills * Traditions * Education and Economics * Abuse Norms, Customs, and Child Care * Standards * Traditions vs. “ The New Normal” * Who’s Minding the Store: The Supervision of another’s Child Chapter 5 covers Human Development and Socialization. I will be discussing Development and Socialization, Quality of Life and the Child’s Development, and Norms, Customs, and Child Care. The first is title Development and Socialization. Human development is a process pertaining to, the characteristic having to do with the nature of people. Psychologists describe it as physical, psychological, and social behavioral changes that are experienced by humans throughout a life time. Human development doesn’t begin at birth; It begins at conception and end at death. When people are born into or choose to become a member of a particular culture and share their values and behaviors, the process is called Socialization. Like Human Development, Socialization is not merely a straight path of accelerations. We experience ups and downs, delays, and declines. We can take different routes to our next destination, change careers, or religious beliefs. Comedian Moms Mobley did not get into show business until she was 55 years old. Actor Terrance Howard revealed a physical change he experienced...
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