...humanity's recorded history and the rise and fall of all its civilizations. It was during the Pleistocene that the most recent episodes of global cooling, or ice ages, took place. Temperate zones were alternately covered by glaciers during cool periods. The Pleistocene also saw the evolution and expansion of our own species, Homo sapiens. | | Tertiary | Grazing mammals, such as members of the perissodactyl and artiodactyls diversified in the Miocene and Pliocene.Long legged grazers.Chalicotherium , perissodactyls. artiodactylsHyaenodon horridus, elephants, horses, various grassesUngulates such as Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla, Vivveravus | 65 to 1.8 MYA. | The cooling and drying of the global environment may have contributed to the enormous spread of grasslands in this time. The change in vegetation undoubtedly was a major factor in the rise of long-legged grazers who came to live in these areas. The Panamanian land-bridge between North and South America appeared during the Pliocene, allowing migrations of plants and animals. | MESOZOIC | Cretaceous | Some ceratopsian and pachycepalosaurid dinosaurs, non-avian dinosaurs, insects, mammals, ammonites, first flowering plants | 144 to 65 mya | "Age of Dinosaurs". The breakup of the world-continent Pangaea. The end of the...
Words: 895 - Pages: 4
...suggests that the crust is split into a number of plates, all of which float on molten mantle rock and are constantly moving on the Earth’s surface. We are also now aware that there are two types of plate, oceanic and continental and it is the movement of these two plates that can cause both volcanic and seismic events. However these events are not the only pieces of evidence that prove the plate tectonic theory is valid; there are many other factors which include sea-floor spreading and fossil distribution. Pyroclastic materials and molten magma escape the mantle and emerge above the Earth’s crust through volcanos. All of Earth’s active volcanos are distributed in clusters around the pacific ocean, southern Europe, the east coast of Africa and through the Atlantic Ocean. These specific locations are all as a result of the nearby constructive and destructive tectonic plate boundaries, this is known as ‘The Ring of Fire’. It is named so because of the large concentration of a large, ring like formation of volcanos around the Pacific Ocean, which provides strong evidence for the above theory and statement. The reason there is specific interest in ‘The Ring of Fire’ is that it is a plate (the Pacific Plate), which borders 5 other plates (Indo-Australian, Philippian, Eurasian, North-American and South-American). This pattern shows a very strong...
Words: 1586 - Pages: 7
...Like the Mediterranean, urbanization, tourism and industry have resulted in pollution, loss of open spaces, destruction of coastal ecosystems, degradation of biodiverse marshland. Urban heat islands etc. This is especially the case in rapidly developing economic powerhouses such as China. As the Pacific Plate moves Northwest, causing more earthquakes, California will move northward towards Alaska and by 250 million years from now, a second Pangea, called “Pangea Ultima,” will form as a result of subduction of the North and South Atlantic. San Francisco will be much closer to the equator, under the influence of the ITCZ causing more tropical weather and possibly influencing the biome to become tropical (scotese). As far as the next hundred years, if the Pacific Plate moves Northwest at a rate of about 3-4 inches a year (PNSN) or 25-35 feet in a hundred years, it can effect San Francisco in that as more land moves northward, less of San Francisco will be near water. This can disrupt the way proximity to the coast regulates temperature, resulting in more climate variation as well as the presence of fog drip, of which many plants are adapted to relying on. It’s difficult to make accurate predictions...
Words: 2052 - Pages: 9
...MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SIXTHEDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SERIES Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21 st Century, Sixth Edition Philip R. Harris, Ph.D., Robert T. Moran, Ph.D., Sarah V. Moran, M.A. Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions Lionel Laroche, Ph.D Uniting North American Business—NAFTA Best Practices Jeffrey D. Abbot and Robert T. Moran, Ph.D. Eurodiversity: A Business Guide to Managing Differences George Simons, D.M. Global Strategic Planning: Cultural Perspectives for Profit and Non-Profit Organizations Marios I. Katsioulodes Ph.D. Competing Globally: Mastering Cross-Cultural Management and Negotiations Farid Elashmawi, Ph.D. Succeeding in Business in Eastern and Central Europe—A Guide to Cultures, Markets, and Practices Woodrow H. Sears, Ed.D. and Audrone Tamulionyte-Lentz, M.S. Intercultural Services: A Worldwide Buyer’s Guide and Sourcebook Gary M. Wederspahn, M.A. SIXTH EDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES GLOBAL LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES ST FOR THE 21 CENTURY 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION PHILIP R. HARRIS, PH.D. ROBERT T. MORAN, PH.D. SARAH V. MORAN, M.A. JUDITH SOCCORSY Editorial Coordinator Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2004, Philip R. Harris, Robert T. Moran, Sarah V. Moran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a...
Words: 229816 - Pages: 920
...O C C A S I O N A L PA P E R S E R I E S N O 1 2 3 / F E B R UA RY 2 011 THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISIS by Ettore Dorrucci and Julie McKay OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES NO 123 / FEBRUARY 2011 THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISIS by Ettore Dorrucci and Julie McKay1 NOTE: This Occasional Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. In 2011 all ECB publications feature a motif taken from the €100 banknote. This paper can be downloaded without charge from http://www.ecb.europa.eu or from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=1646277 1 European Central Bank, Ettore.Dorrucci@ecb.europa.eu, Julie.McKay@ecb.europa.eu. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank. The authors would like to thank, outside their institution, A. Afota, C. Borio, M. Committeri, B. Eichengreen, A. Erce, A. Gastaud, P. L'Hotelleire-Fallois Armas, P. Moreno, P. Sedlacek, Z. Szalai, I. Visco and J-P. Yanitch, and, within their institution, R. Beck, T. Bracke, A. Chudik, A. Mehl, E. Mileva, F. Moss, G. Pineau, F. Ramon-Ballester, L. Stracca, R. Straub, and C. Thimann for their very helpful comments and/or inputs. © European Central Bank, 2011 Address Kaiserstrasse 29 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany...
Words: 33129 - Pages: 133
...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
Words: 17126 - Pages: 69
