...Cellular System Technologies Mobile phones send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site , base stations fitted with antennas. The communication between the handset and the cell site is a stream of digital data that includes digitized audio. The technology that achieves this depends on the system which the mobile phone operator has adopted. The Common Technologies used by operators in India are GSM and CDMA. With the advent of 3G technology systems a new era in Mobile technology in India is about to be born. GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION) GSM is a widely used Second Generation cellular telecom network .Since the technology is fully digital it enables Digital encryption, which provides a moderate security of Phone conversations, compression of data, and mobile data services (eg. SMS). Today, GSM holds a share of 82.4%, includes the 3GSM service, of world mobile connection with more than 690 mobile networks spreading across 213 countries. Being the most popular mobile phone standard, GSM facilitates the network operators to have roaming agreements with other operators, even foreign operators, allowing the users continue using their mobile phones even when they travel to other countries. The Multiple access method, allowing several cells to share the same communication channel, in GSM is a variation of Time Division Multiple access(TDMA).In TDMA several users share the same frequency spectrum by establishing h links in different time slots...
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...Global Economic Environment In: Business and Management Global Economic Environment Global Economic Environment Generally, global economic environment is influenced by various factors such as technological, environment, political, socio-cultural, and demographic that directly affects businesses. Economic environment refers to the nature of economic systems and policies, distribution of income and wealth, and level of income. Indeed, economic environment has a complex and very dynamic nature; it is continually changing along with the changes in political situations and government policies. Global Economic Environment Mainly, global economic environment is comprised of several components including the economic systems, conditions, policies, legislations, and environment. Indeed, the economic policies being imposed in every business unit are significantly influences by the overall condition of economy. This includes the improvements that occurred in economic conditions such as the purchasing power of the public, standard of living, distribution of income, and supply and demand. Mainly, these factors reflect the size of the market. Another factor reflecting the economic condition is the business cycle, which is critical to every business unit. It refers to the different stages such as prosperity, boom, decline, depression, and recovery. The economic condition of a country can be understood through its national income, per capita income, and distribution of income, demand and...
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...Humans in technology environment are not very free from natural selection. According to Charles Darwin, natural selection acts only for the good of each organism, so since our very first human ancestors had no natural defenses, they would die from what is considered today an insignificant disease. It was throughout millions of years, that the human body started to build an immunization to certain diseases and only the stronger humans were the ones to survive and carry on that trait. Likewise, having no fur on their bodies to survive in the cold weather, they learned how to use other animals’ skins and how to build some weapons, in order to chase wild animals. Nowadays, humans have made incredible discoveries; we have created a wonderful world of technology, which leads us to make some enormous progress in the field of medicine; especially in how to treat diseases which were, at some time, considered incurable. My point is, that since we have made such progress in technology, I am scared that we are keeping too many people alive, including some that might not fit the environment in which they live. In addition, we are allowing some infertile people to reproduce through in-vitro fertilization, when apparently they were not capable naturally. We are also letting babies survive by saving their lives at their birth even though they might not be perfectly healthy or other traits which could bedetrimental for the human species. But through science and the new technology, we have...
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...largely been positive on human life. We have reached this modern era because of technology. The various technologies around us have made this world modern. In this modern life technological innovations have become integral to our lives Technological innovations are the most important aspect of human life and it is impossible to even think of our life without them. Technology is the greatest creation of humans and it has also enabled humans to create whatever they desire. I think that technology is indispensable in our modern life and it is a great positive force in our lives. The creativity in the field of technology has always resulted in remarkable innovations. We would not have reached such heights of development without the help of technology. Technology has influenced people in a positive sense. It has instigated people to create better and better innovations. We can never think of our lives without the basic amenities which technology has provided us with. Without such technology we would still be in the pre-historic age. We should be thankful to technology for our metamorphosis from a cave man to the modern man of present age. This modernism is the result of technology and it has made our life better and better with time. It is best tool that the humans have ever invented for self help. The technological inventions from a mixer grinder to the aircrafts have revolutionized the human life. Technology has aided the humans with the power to create anything and this is a process...
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...Objective of the Assay: Impact of Macro environment forces on the components of the core marketing system. I have defined some objectives in this assay: • To define Macro Environment. • Classification of Marketing Environment • Elements of macro environment • Impact of macro environment on marketing system. Macro- Environment: A factor that influence a company's or product's development but that is outside of the company's control is known as macro environment. The company and all of the other actors operate in a large macro environment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the company is known as macro environment. Six largely uncountable external forces influence an organization’s marketing activities and shape opportunities is known as macro environment Forces. These factors include the economic, demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces are known as macro environment. Elements of Micro-Environment: Demographic Environment Demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, destiny, location, age, gender race, occupation and other statistics. The demographic environment is of major interest to marketers because it involves people. Economic Environment Marketers require buying power as well as people. The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumers’ purchasing power and spending power/ patterns. Marketers...
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...LOGO PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING BA003IU Nguyen Thi Hong An Nguyen Thi Hong An 1 Chapter 3 Analyzing the Marketing Environment 2 Nguyen Thi Hong An Lecture outline • Describe the environmental forces that affect the company’s ability to serve its customers • Explain how changes in demographic and economic environments affect marketing decisions • Identify the major trends in the firm’s natural and technological environment • Explain key changes in the political and cultural environments • Discuss how companies can react to the marketing environment. 3 Nguyen Thi Hong An 1 2 3 4 5 What is Marketing Environment Marketing Environment The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers. Aspects of the marketing environment: Microenvironment Actors close to the company Includes all the factors close to the company that affect positively or negatively, its ability to create value for and relationship with its customers. Larger societal forces Macroenvironment that affect the microenvironment 4 Nguyen Thi Hong An 1. Company’s Microenvironment COMPETITORS SUPPLIERS PUBLICS MARKETING INTERMEDIARIES CUSTOMERS combine to make up the company’s value delivery network Nguyen Thi Hong An 1.1. The Company Top Management Finance R&D Purchasing Operations Accounting Nguyen Thi Hong An 1.2. Supplier Suppliers...
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...com/pages/article/newTMC_09.htm Last accessed 11.21.2011 PEST Analysis Understanding "Big Picture" Forces of Change Also PESTLE, PESTEL, PESTLIED, STEEPLE & SLEPT. PEST Analysis is a simple but important and widely-used tool that helps you understand the big picture of the Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological environment you are operating in. PEST is used by business leaders worldwide to build their vision of the future. It is important for these reasons: By making effective use of PEST Analysis, you ensure that what you are doing is aligned positively with the forces of change that are affecting our world. By taking advantage of change, you are much more likely to be successful than if your activities oppose it. Good use of PEST Analysis helps you avoid taking action that is condemned to failure for reasons beyond your control. PEST is useful when you start operating in a new country or region. Use of PEST Analysis helps you break free of unconscious assumptions, and helps you quickly adapt to the realities of the new environment. How to Use the Tool: PEST is a simple mnemonic standing for Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological. Please see worksheet on the following page. Using the tool is a three stage process: First, you brainstorm the relevant factors that apply to you, using the prompts below. Second, you identify the information that applies to these factors. Third, you draw conclusions from this information. Tip: The important...
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...Strategic Management EFFECTS OF REMOTE ENVIRONMENT ON OUR MISSION STATIONS IN TRIVANTRUM, KERALA. Introduction: Last three years I was in a mission station in Neyyatinkara diocese Trivandrum where we have six parishes and an ICSE higher secondary school. I was the in charge of these parishes and the construction in charge of the school buildings. Political environment: Really it was an enriching and eye opening experience in my life. Pastoral and Mission activities are very much affected by political, economic, ecological, social and technological environment. It has a positive as well as negative impact on each person in the parish. This is an attempt to reflect and throw some light on the same. Economic Environment: Most of the people are financially poor in the parishes. Majority of the prisoners are daily workers. They do agricultural and construction works. They are very co-operative and ready to help out when any needs arise in the parishes. They contribute to the church with the limited earnings. Sometime time the government policies are favourable to the farmers, but some time it is totally against to them. Ecological environment: The ecological environment is very much conducive for short term cultivation. Land is fertile and get enough and more rain, so people can cultivate all sorts of vegetables as well as the seasonal crops but people won’t go for that types of cultivation because they get only less profit. Nowadays people are very much aware of the ecological...
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...What is PEST Analysis? A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. P.E.S.T. is an acronym for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro-environment. Such external factors usually are beyond the firm's control and sometimes present themselves as threats. For this reason, some say that "pest" is an appropriate term for these factors. However, changes in the external environment also create new opportunities and the letters sometimes are rearranged to construct the more optimistic term of STEP analysis. Many macro-environmental factors are country-specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest. The following are examples of some of the factors that might be considered in a PEST analysis. It is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The organization's marketing environment is made up from: 1. The internal environment e.g. staff (or internal customers), office technology, wages and finance, etc. 2. The micro-environment e.g. our external customers, agents and distributors, suppliers, our competitors, etc. 3. The macro-environment e.g. Political (and legal) forces, Economic forces, Sociocultural forces, and Technological forces. These are known as PEST factors. Political Factors The political arena has...
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... 1 2. Macro-Environmental Analysis 1-7 2.1. Demographic Environment 2 2.2. Economic Environment 3 2.3. Natural Environment 4 2.4. Technological Environment 5 2.5. Political Environment 6 2.6. Cultural Environment 7 3. Conclusion 8 Reference List 9 ~Executive Summary~ The telecommunication business is the fastest growing industry across the globe and in Australia at the present time as everyone in this day and age needs a mobile phone. It is crucial for telecommunication organisations such as Telstra to analyse its macro environment which identifies the opportunities and threats that they will face. The purpose of the report is to discuss the macro environment of Telstra featuring factors such as demographic, economic, natural, technological, political and cultural analysing how each factor will influence The...
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...MACRO FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SUBMITTED BY: AAYUSH VERMA INTRODUCTION A business firm is an open system. It gets resources from the environment and supplies its goods and services to the environment. There are different levels of environmental forces. Some are close and internal forces whereas others are external forces. External forces may be related to national level, regional level or international level. These environmental forces provide opportunities or threats to the business community. Every business organization tries to grasp the available opportunities and face the threats that emerge from the business environment. The term business ‘typically’ refers to the development and processing of economic values in society. Normally, the term is applied to portion of economic activities whose primary purpose is to provide goods and services for society in an effective manner. It is also applied to economics and commercial activities of institutions which having other purposes. Business may be defined as “the organised effort by individuals to produce goods and services to sell these goods and services in a market place and to reap some reward for this effort.” Functionally, we may define business as “those human activities which involves production or purchase of goods with the object of selling them at a profit margin”. Business organizations cannot change the external environment but they just react. They change their internal business components...
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...The Macro Environment factors are: 1) Demographic Environment 2) Economic Structural Environment 3) Technological Environment 4) Political Environment MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS A business and its forces in its micro environment operate in larger macro environment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the business. It refers the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization's decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors; demographics; legal, political, and social conditions; technological changes; and natural forces. The important environmental factors are; (1) Economic Environment (2) Political and Governmental Environment (3) Socio-cultural Environment (4) Natural Environment (5) Demographic Environment (6) Technological Environment (7) International Environment. 1. Economic Environment: - Economic environment of business has reference to the board characteristics of the economic system in which the business operates. The business sector has economic relation with the government, capital market; household sector and global sector. These sectors together influence the trends and structure of the economy. The form and functioning of the economy vary widely. The importance external factors that affect the economic environment of a business are; (i) Economic Conditions: - The general Economic conditions prevailing in the country viz. national income, per capita...
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...in detail the components of the said analysis. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Apart from a company’s internal resources there are several other factors that have a profound impact the performance of a company. The internal resources usually refers to the employees of the firm, contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers and so on whereas the external environment refers to the market, clients, stakeholders, etc. 1.2 PEST ANALYSIS According to Kotler (1998), PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth on decline, business position and direction for operations. The use of PEST analysis can be seen effective for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, business and product development and research. In order to survive, be profitable and maintain their competitive advantage, organizations have to recognise and take advantages of the external environments as well as identifying and consider threats when developing strategies. One of the most commonly used analytical tools for assessing external factors in a business situation is PEST analysis. Pest is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social and Technological external factors. PEST analysis is beneficial when conducting research before beginning a new project or to help conduct market research. Also, PEST analysis helps to determine how the external factors will affect the performance and activities of a business in the long run. Pest analysis is often used in collaboration with other analytical...
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...Introduction 2.0 General Environment Analysis 3.1 Demographic Segment 3.2 Economic Segment 3.3 Political or Legal Segment 3.4 Socio-cultural Segment 3.5 Technological Segment 3.6 Global Segment 3.0 Industry Environment Analysis 4.7 Threat of New Entrants 4.8 Bargaining Power of Supplier 4.9 Bargaining Power of Buyers 4.10 Threat of Substitute Products 4.11 Intensity of rivalry among Competitors 4.0 Competitive Environment 5.0 Opportunities and Threats of Nestle INTERNAL ANALYSIS 6.0 Nestlé’s Resources, Tangible and Intangible 7.0 Capabilities of Nestle 8.0 Core Competencies Analysis 9.0 Value Chain Analysis of Nestle 10.12 Primary Activities 10.13.1 Inbound Logistics 10.13.2 Operations 10.13.3 Outbound Logistics 10.13.4 Marketing and Sales 10.13.5 Services 10.13 Support Activities 10.14.6 Procurement 10.14.7 Technological Development 10.14.8 Human Resources Management 10.14.9 Firm Infrastructure 10.0 Weaknesses 11.0 SWOT Analysis 12.14 Strengths 12.15 Weaknesses 12.16 Opportunities 12.17 Threats 12.0 Current Strategy 13.0 Future Strategy 14.0 Conclusion 15.0 References Executive Summary Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 1 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 General Environment Analysis 1 2.1 Demographic...
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...Urban sprawl is the product of industrialization. The sprawl pattern of urban development reflects the progress of human society. However, in the original intention of increasing economic benefits and motivating automobile industries, urban sprawl also brings a series of malpractices gradually on contrary to the expectation. It results in not only the ecological problems, but also the social problems. Despite the fact that technological solutions serve humanity, assisting them to alter the natural environment, technological solutions have not achieved the capacity to solve all the problems absolutely in current society. Consequently, this essay holds the view that technological solutions cannot adequately address both the ecological problems and the social problems for the reason that technological solutions are just the makeshift methods to alleviate the exterior problems, and have not raveled out these problems from the fountainhead. Technological solutions only can try to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions, but cannot completely cope with global warming at the background of global motorization, which is the deniable fact. Apparently, it is unfair and unpractical for developing countries to limit the carbon emissions. According to Huimin Li and Ye Qi (2012), the carbon emissions have positive correlation with the increasing of GDP. Hence, it is no denying that developing countries like China have tremendous demanding for boosting the industry and the manufacturing. For instance:...
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