...demand that grapes continue to create. Most of the production is used to make wine, but it is also used for table, and raisin grape production (Rieger 2004). The numerous uses for the grape have been discovered and perfected throughout history. The sweetness of the berry and the ability to produce wine from it has kept it cultivated and put to use for over nine thousand years. The natural history and geological origin of the vitis vinifera is what caused the global spread and economic success of the grape which still is still in high demand today. The original cultivation and domestication of the grape vine is not absolute certain. The first archeological evidence of the grape dates all the way back to the Bronze Age. A clay vase with wine residue was found as well as grape seeds. These artifacts were discovered around the Mediterranean area which is thought to be the original origin (Pastor 2010). Viticulture started to spread from its original location all over the Mediterranean and up through Europe. It started to spread rapidly through France around fifth century B.C. After introduced to this area it continued to spread all over Europe and over the Middle East. At this point in history grapes were being used for food, and to make wine which was being drunk mostly for hydration purposes. A new religious movement would call for the use of wine. Jesus during his last super symbolized bread and wine as his flesh and blood. This moment in the bible became a religious tradition...
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...Global Wine Wars 2009: New World versus Old World Executive Summary The concept of wine-making was originally an art dominated by several European countries, mainly amongst the noble class, competing against one another for the highest quality wines. Traditionally set in their ways, from their methods of planting, to harvesting, to marketing channels and their consumers, the “Old World” wine-makers were unprepared for what was ahead of them as the “New World” growers joined in the struggle to appeal to the tastes of their consumers. As the New World began gaining ground, a rivalry arose between the New and Old Worlds - the Old World set on its traditional ways which had been in practice for centuries, while the New World focused around maximization of crops and harvesting, as well as marketing to the changing consumer preferences - leaving the Old World in awe as the New World took over in sales and imports. With a shifting of palates and an economic recession which hit not only the consumers’ wallets, but also the growers’ vineyards, a continuous battle for leader in U.S. imports emerged as the preference for premium wines increased, leaving the U.S. out to dry with their high prices due to inherent domestic costs. Meanwhile, Australia and France were able to tap into the premium and super premium markets, respectively. Since Australia had already taken charge of U.S. imports in the middle segment with their Yellow Tail brand, their entrance into the premium market...
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...High-quality Wine “A meal without wine is like a day without sunshine.” That common saying shows that wine is familiar with our diet. As you know, wine is the popular beverage. It is also loved and made around the world. Especially, France and Italy are famous as major wine production areas. French wine has different features from Italian wine. I will mention three factors: a historical background, a geographical condition, and a national system of wine. Italian history is largely related to the today’s wine. In Italy, it was Greek who brought wine to the ancient Rome. Then, by skills of pruning, grape juice got a higher sugar content and the quality of wine got better. After the region of The Roman Empire had extended to the whole Europe area, the soldiers who went to war to German, France and Spain planted the grape trees and they have become the today’s wine in such countries. After a while, the way to preserve wine changed in barrels. Since then, components of barrels came to be taken into account in quality. The production of wine was protected from foreign race by Christian. After that, wine had become sold in stores as glass bottles and established as the beverage of a citizen. In geographic terms, we can explain the diversity of wine. First, Italy extends north and south. In addition, it is surrounded by seas on three sides and there are various climates. These are why Italian wine has variety. As the system of wine, wine rating is remarkable characteristic...
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...Manager Reviewed by Cody Baynum HADM 3500 Beverage Management – Spring 2016 Review of Wine Program Total number of wines on list: 243 Total number of wines available by the glass: 21 | | WINE by the GLASS | | | | | | | | BUBBLES | | NV | | Delamotte Brut Champagne Mesnil sur Oger, France | 18 | NV | | Carpenè Malvolti Extra Dry Prosecco Valdobbiadene, Italy | 11 | NV | | Charles Bove Touraine Rosé Loire Valley, France | 13 | | | WHITE | | | | | | 2007 | | Riesling, Schloss Schönborn 'Estate' Kabinett Rheingau, Germany | 11 | 2012 | | Torrontes, Don Rodolfo 'Vina Cornejo Costas' Cafayate Valley, Argentina | 9 | 2012 | | Sauvignon Blanc, Patient Cottat 'Le Grand Caillou' Loire Valley, France | 10 | 2012 | | Pinot Blanc, Albert Seltz Alsace, France | 12 | 2013 | | Garganega, Pieropan Soave, Italy | 11 | 2012 | | Gruner Veltliner, Schloss Gobelsberg 'Gobelsberger' Kamptal, Austria | 12 | 2012 | | Chardonnay, Landmark 'Overlook' Sonoma, California | 13 | | | ROSÉ | | | | | | 2013 | | Zweigelt, Mittelbach Niederösterreich, Austria | 12 | | | RED | | | | | | 2012 | | Pinot Noir, Luli Santa Lucia Highlands, California | 15 | 2012 | | Nebbiolo, Renato Ratti 'Ochetti' Langhe, Italy | 13 | 2010 | | Sangiovese, Fèlsina 'Berardenga' Chianti Classico, Italy | 12 | 2007 | | Tempranillo, La Rioja Alta 'Viña Alberdi' Reserva Rioja, Spain | 10 | 2005 | | Grenache/Syrah, Château Redortier Gigondas, France | 14 | 2010 | |...
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...fourth largest wine-exporting nation after France, Italy and Spain, sending approximately 2.5 million bottles of wine overseas each day. The UK and the US are Australia’s largest markets. Australia is the biggest wine exporter to the UK, and the second biggest to the US, behind Italy. Australia’s exports in wine have grown at an extraordinary rate in recent years. On a national scale, Australia has about 2000 wine companies and the sector employs around 31,000 people. There are 167,000 hectares under vine and the total grape crush is1.85 million tones. Michael porter developed the theory of national competitive advantage. This explains why particular nation achieves international success in particular industries. Competitive Advantage of nations has been the outcome of 4 interlinked advanced factors: Factor conditions, Related & supporting industry, Firm strategy and rivalry and Demand conditions. Factor Conditions: Australian wine has a competitive advantage because of its natural resources and environment. Lower land costs, a large choice of climates and terrier offering regional diversity spread across 62 regions. Australia has a strong infrastructure of viticulturists and winemakers, research institutions and an industry structure, which is free from the regulatory strictness. There is also unity in the Australian wine sector and close working relationships with related industries such as food and tourism. Firm Strategy and Rivalry The Australian wine industry displays...
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...Types of Grapes Used for Making Red Wine Although there are thousands types of grapes. In wine making, the species vinifera a subdivision of the genus Vitis is the most commonly used. Some wine is made from a different species of grape such as the Concord grape which belong to the Vitis labrusca. These wines taste "foxy." There are apparently over 10,000 species of wine grapes but most people will experience around 50 types. In this section 12 popular grapes used in making red wine will be discussed. * Aglianco - Not popular outside of southern Italy. One wine it is used to make is Taurasi. * Barbera - An Italian grape that is high in acid and low in tannin. It can produce fruity wines * Cabernet Sauvignon - This grape can grow in many wine regions. Its wines are high in tannin and are medium to full bodied. It is often blended with the Merlot grape. * Gamay - It makes dark coloured wines that are low in tannin. This grape does well in the Beaujolais district of France. * Grenache - This grape originated in Spain. It can make wines that are light coloured and high in alcohol but also can make dark coloured wines with a fruity aroma and velvety texture. * Nebbiolo - This grape only appears to do well in Northern Italy; specifically in the Piedmont region. Two of Italy's greatest wines are the Barolo and Barbaresco. The Nebbiolo grape is high in tannin and acid and reasonably high in alcohol. Its aroma is herbal (mint), earthy...
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...Comparison Factbook France vs. Italy Wine Industry Group 16.4 Bram van Veen Caspar Leusink Muhammad Hafidz Randy Hardja Lecturer: Mr.Drs.HenkRitsema Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Methods and Frameworks 5 Hofstede’s cultural dimensions 5 Porter’s diamond 7 Porter’s Five Forces Model of Competition 8 Introducing the Wine Industry 9 Overview of Wine Industry 9 French Wine Industry 10 Italian Wine Industry 11 Country comparison 12 Comparison of relevant macro-economic indicators 12 General economic indicators 12 Financial Health 13 Demographic Factors 13 Historical developments 14 Historical Background 14 Global Wine Industry Developments 15 Socio-cultural conditions 17 Cultural Diversity 17 Hofstede 18 Political and Governmental Systems 19 Legal Systems 21 Financial Systems 21 Labour Market 22 Industry Conditions 24 Supply Market Conditions 24 Demand market conditions 24 Threat of New Entrants and Substitute Products 25 Major players and level of competition 27 Level of Competition 28 Recommendations 28 Italy 29 France: 31 Recommendations: 33 References 34 Executive Summary The goal of this factbook is to provide potential investors with information on relevant dimensions regarding the wine industry in Italy and France. The factbook is comparing both of the countries using methodological framework and secondary data. The data we used are obtained through various sources. In the end, Italy is presented as most appealing...
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...Located at the crossroads of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Europe and Africa, Spain's history and culture are made up of a rich mix of diverse elements. Through exploration and conquest, Spain became a world power in the 16th century, and it maintained a vast overseas empire until the early 19th century. Spain has had peaceful transition to democracy following the death of Dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization in 1986, which gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. More recently the government has had to focus on measures to reverse a severe economic recession that began in mid-2008. In this report I will discuss the history, demographics, major products Spain benefits from, attitudes, beliefs and religions practiced in the country, their main language societal organization and economic development of the country. At the conclusion of this report, it will be known that Spain is a country that the U.S. and other countries will continue to do business with. Spain has a long rich history with earliest signs of inhabitants going back to 800,000 BC. By 1200 BC North African and Celtic tribes settled on the peninsula creating a Celt-Iberian race. In turn, areas of Spain were colonized and fought over by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans and the Goths. Moorish armies from North Africa invaded the peninsula in the 8th century AD and defeated the last Visigoth King and...
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...“Wine has been with us since the beginning of civilization. It is the temperate, civilized, sacred and romantic mealtime beverage”- Robert Mondavi 6000 B.C- is the time when, Mesopotamians first began to produce Wine. Since then Wine is playing an important role as enjoyable, romantic and authentic beverage for the people of all the classes. As the centuries passed, Europeans introduced their Wine making techniques to the rest of the world including America, Australia and South Africa. 1966- To become the first winery in California to produce premium Wine brands that would compete with the other premium wine brands of the world, Robert Mondavi founded the RMC Winery. With the clear strategy of gaining high reputation in premium wine segment, RMC at very inception align its business plan with its competitive strategy. As to produce limited quantity of super to ultra premium wines using high quality grapes, this helps them to build diversified brand portfolio particularly in price points and niches premium Wine market. Again as a part of their competitive strategy RMC lead the Wine industry in several process innovation and operational improvements including gentle grape handling, cold fermentation, stainless steel fermentation tanks and Oak barrel aging. In 1972 Los Angeles Times recognized RMC’s Cabernet Sauvignon as the best Wine produced in California. At marketing front to stimulate demand, RMC took some notable steps like Tours of Winery, Training sessions at fine restaurants...
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...world and Italy appears to be one of the hardest hit in Europe. After decades during which the Italians as well as the international industrial, agriculture and financial sectors raked huge profits without investing anything in innovation and competitive interventions, now companies are claiming the state rescue and support. According to initial estimations made at the OIV (International Organization of Vine and Wine) Italy, the world's second-biggest wine producer after France with an output of about 4.5 billion liters per year, had in 2009 a decrease in domestically demand, price and export which reflects the effects of the world economic crisis. Average price of Italian wine dropped 20 percent last year with ordinary wine prices plunging 25 percent and special denomination quality wines losing 13 percent. In 2009, Italian wine sales to export markets, the United States and Britain, fell 7 and 10 percent respectively hammered by the crisis and advance of rivals from Chile, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, according to UIV estimates based on data from Italy's statistics agency ISTAT (Istituto di Servizi per il Mercato Agricolo Alimentare). Tourism can be an important resource for an economy and Italy is the fourth highest tourist earn and fifth most visited country in the world, behind France (76.0 million), Spain (55.6 million), United States (49.4 million), and China (46.8) with more than 43.7 million tourists a year. People mainly come to Italy for its rich...
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...The country of Italy has a long and rich history. Many different people have ruled over this part of Europe throughout the centuries. When you think about Italy, the first thing that comes to mind is the Romans and the Roman Empire. However, there were people living in Italy long before the Romans took power. The Roman Empire did have a great deal of influence over the world at their height of power. The name Italy came from the Romans. They used the word “Italia” to refer to the peninsula which is modern day Italy. There have been many different invaders in Italy’s time. The Greeks and Saracens were two of the predominant invaders of the peninsula. Etruscans are the first civilization to inhabit the peninsula of Italy. They were...
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...Country Brand Management Italy Report 2012 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Strength Italy is situated is the center of the Mediterranean Sea. The main strength of geographical location is that Italy belongs to the coasts of four different seas (Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea). There are two large mountain ranges in Italy: Alps and Apennines. It is a big plus for tourism sector of the country. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the national economy. Italian climate is very different. It is comfortable to travel to this country in every season. If it is summer you can relax in a seaside resorts or take a rest near different lakes. Also in summer you can mountaineer. In winter it is possible to skiing. In autumn and spring you have an opportunity to visit the famous cities of the world cultural heritage. Cultural heritage is another strength side of Italy. Italian culture has a rich history that includes art, classic architecture, popular traditions, and customs. Includes links to trends in Italy today as well as resources on folklore, history, and artistic traditions. Italy has many environmental problems and it took a long time to confront these. One of strengths in this sphere is that now Italy is one of the world leaders of producing renewable energy. Italy is a member of European Union (EU), of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and also of many international organizations...
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...The Tunisian Wine industry In 2013 the world wine consumption stood at 238.7 mhl, this was a decrease of 2.5 mhl in comparison to 2012. “The global wine industry has seen an excess of 600mn unit cases (almost ¼ of global consumption) in 2004, reduce to just 1m unit cases in 2012” (The Global Wine Industry, 2013). History of wine in Tunisia There are a lot of comparisons made between new world wines and old world wines. When discussing old world, this refers to wines made in countries that are considered the birthplaces of wine. Some of the countries that are Old World include: France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Austria, Greece, Lebanon, Israel, Croatia, Hungary and Switzerland. New world include the following countries U.S., New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, Australia and South Africa. In 1881, the French conquered Tunisia, and brought along knowledgeable and experienced wine makers. After this large scale wine production began in the country. Many years after, Tunisia gained independence and although the wine production continued, a lack of expertise caused production to decrease (Tunisia tours, 2014). The climate in Tunisia is significantly influenced by the Mediterranean. The winters are wet and the summers are dry, which creates a prosperous environment for wine making. The type of grape variety that are planted in Tunisia are also hugely influenced by the French involvement. Market Entry Modes There are certain factors that influence foreign entry modes. Industry...
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...Market size The U.S Wine market has been claimed as the largest market in the world by Wine Institute representative and CEO Robert P. This industry is highly fragmented and relatively large with a total of $17 billion in revenue as of 2014. There are currently about 1,800 established wineries in the nation, with half of these located in California. Wine sales from all distributers in the U.S have seen a record increase in their sales of 9- liter cases totaling 360.1 million worth $34.6 billion. 58% of those sales were attributed to California, the leading wine producing state in the nation. California had a total of 250.2 million cases distributed worldwide. 90% of the industries revenue comes from California. The other top wine producers are located in new york, Oregon, and Washington. Domestic demand for U.S wine was recorded as $21, 619.1 million in 2014 with a per capita alcohol consumption of 25. Our U.S wine industries have attained a substantial amount of foreign market share with exporting revenue totaling $1.610 million. Scope of rivalry Wineries have a wide competitive scope, providing goods to a highly segmented market base, across various geographic regions and demographics. There’s a high existing level of competition among wine producers. Individual wineries compete on the basis of quality, branding, prices, and diversity of products offered. Competition among wineries originates from other wineries, manufacturers, and substitutes including beer and spirits...
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...Rolling hills, flat plains, and mountainous regions can all be found in the nation. Combined with the fairly moderate climate and fertile soil, French terrain contributes to good farming conditions, allowing for vegetables, herbs, grapes, grains, and meat to be harvested year-round. Wheat, olives, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, beef, wine grapes, and fish are amongst the most popular French exports and have a significant present in French dishes and cuisine. Even with such desirable agricultural conditions, only about 4% of French people earn a living through farming or crop cultivation. France is well known for its high rate of exportation of wine, which is a very culturally important beverage in French culture. The type of wine produced within France is dependent upon the geography of the nation; many wines are named after the region of France in which they are made. For example, Champagne and Bordeaux are two regions in France, but they are also the names of two different kinds of wine. Cognac, a variety of brandy, comes from the French region of Cognac. Wine is a very common beverage in France, partially due to the high rates of availability of the product since it is made in large quantities within the nation...
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