...McCarthy era, while questioning the legacy of communist-witch-hunt investigations that overwhelmed the country due to State’s intention to protect nation from “Reds” infiltration, believed that “[T]here must be a place to protect the state and the right of individual at the same time” (Stockwell 2). Similar are today’s concerns...
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...Check-Point: Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response Write a 200- to 300-word response in which you describe choice theories and how they relate to crime. Describe the common models for society to determine which acts are considered criminal. Explain how choice theories of crime affect society. The common models that societies use to determine which acts are considered criminal are based in basic human rights. We instinctively know that heinous crimes such as murder are fundamentally wrong. Yet the concept of having the God given right to pursue happiness and our desires must have a limit. So in general, laws reflect respect for others rights as well, ensuring that we can all both pursue our personal happiness without encroaching on our neighbors rights. In order to promote law enforcement, one of two models are usually chosen. In the centralized model, one or two agencies work in tandem to perform street enforcement, traffic duty, and criminal investigation. In the decentralized model the duties of patrol and traffic are handled by police departments, sheriffs, and constables, while investigation is performed by a separate state department. Rational Choice Theory: The rational choice theory describes why some people choose to commit crime. In its most basic form, the concept is that people will commit crimes if they are given the motive, opportunity, and the risk of being caught or punished is minimal or is outweighed by the circumstances. The motivation...
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...Checkpoint: Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response Oval Campbell CJ200 Martin Nealeigh November 30, 2013 Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response Write a 200- to 300-word response in which you describe choice theories and how they relate to crime. Describe the common models for society to determine which acts are considered criminal. Explain how choice theories of crime affect society. Post your response as an attachment. The common models that societies use to determine which acts are considered criminal are based in basic human rights. We unconsciously know that dreadful crimes such as murder are essentially wrong. Yet the concept of having the God given right to pursue happiness and our desires must have a limit. So in general, laws reflect respect for others rights as well, ensuring that we can all both pursue our personal happiness without impinging on our neighbors’ rights. In order to promote law enforcement, one of two models is usually chosen. In the centralized model, one or two agencies work in tandem to perform street enforcement, traffic duty, and criminal investigation. In the regionalized model police departments, sheriffs, and constables handle the duties of patrol and traffic, while a separate state department performs investigation. Sensible Choice Theory: The sensible choice theory explains why some people choose to commit crime. In its most basic form, the concept is that people will commit crimes if they are given the motive...
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...authority from the local government. The state law enforcement agencies main purpose is to do highway patrol and state wide investigations. State police aid the local police department with emergencies and investigations that are beyond the jurisdiction and resource boundaries of the local departments. Federal law enforcement agencies key role in place is to work with certain types of crimes. The FBI, the US marshals and Border Patrol are a few of the main agencies. FBI has eight major investigations. Counterterrorism (a prevention of terrorism by military or political actions), public corruption (the usage of public office for private gain), civil rights (citizens rights to social freedom, political and equality), counterintelligence (preventing sabotage, spying, intelligence gather by a foreign country or enemy), organized crime (illegal actions committed by groups or organizations of criminals such an example are mafia or gangs), major theft/violent crimes (Violent Crime include Bank Robbery, Gangs, Kidnapping, Murder for Hire, Serial Killings and Major Thefts include Art theft, Cargo Theft, Copper theft, Jewelry and Gems, Organized Retail Theft and Vehicle Theft.) and White collar crime (embezzling, laundering, or stealing money for illegal gain by a high respectable member of his/her occupation or place in the company). U.S marshal investigations include taking down the fugitives, protecting...
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...CHAPTER TWO : WORK PROCESS AND PROCEDURES (DEATH INQUIRY) 2.1 INTRODUCTION Malaysia are developing country which achieve many great achievement. However, it does not exceptional from getting criminal cases which being committed by irresponsible individual. It has become a social responsibility of a government to ensure that the citizen are able to do their daily activity without feel fear in becoming a victim of criminal cases that occur daily. To make sure the safety of the citizens, a criminal justice system which is effective and efficient must be establish to ensure the offenders are arrested, prosecute and punished accordingly. Criminal Procedure Code or Act 593 is a provision of law which has become a general guideline which...
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...pull all tweets within the date range which resulted in over 8000 tweets. After scanning through the tweets in RStudio, there were several retweets. After noticing the duplicated tweets, we altered the code to exclude RTs. This narrowed down our scrapped tweet count to 2,800. Once the first code was ran on RStudio, the result was over 8,000 tweets. After briefly reading these tweets, there was a lot of repetition of tweets and a marking of “RT” or retweet following each tweet. The code was ran again with a restriction to filter out RT in the scrapping process. This resulted in a list of a little over 2,800 tweets. These tweets were narrowed down based on a Twitter decision tree. Tweets with substantive content, a tweet with words alluding to the criminal justice system, were kept and those without substantive content were deleted. Some non-substantive content tweets would be a tweet with only hashtags, or someone simply stating they were watching the...
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...|florida agriculture & mechaniCal university | |“DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL AND ITS CONSTITUTIONALITY” | |FINAL DRAFT | | | | | |ASHLEY L. THOMAS | |WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23 , 2011 | [pic] |ATTORNEY JOHN WASHINGTON | |BUL 5323 – BUSINESS LAW | Introduction Ever since its declaration in 1993 under President Bill Clinton’s administration, don’t ask, don’t tell (DADT) has been a major dispute amongst the United...
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...Children: Criminals, Challenged, or Confused Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx L33333333 Liberty University Abstract Should children under the age of 7 years old be held responsible for crimes they have committed? In this case study we will be looking at an incident where a 6-year-old boy shot a classmate at school. Our purpose for conducting this case study is to find evidence to support the current laws of our legal system. We will cite developmental reasons why young children, during early childhood development, lack the ability to understand what they have done. We will cite areas that may lurk in the background of the young child’s life that support the current law. We will explore the Biosocial, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Developments of young children to find support for the legal system’s age determination. We will be using only one reference book for this case study. The book is titled, “The Developing Person Through the Life Span.” Its author is Kathleen Stassen Berger. Using this as our single reference, we will obtain the necessary support to sustain the actions of our legal system. The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements of the paper. Nothing should appear in the abstract that is not included in the body of the paper. Word limits for abstracts are set by individual journals. Most journals...
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...(e.g.: Dallas PD cannot police in Cedar Hill they have to stay with their jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of any police agency must stay within there area that lies within the political boundaries of their own town, city, county, or even state. Did you know that some department has overlapping jurisdiction? The State Police can use their authority anywhere in the state, but the County or Sheriff can exercise their power anywhere within the county limits. Did you know that there are many different role that and officer does on a daily basis? The duties and the responsibility of our local officers are broken up into many different roles. Local enforcement provides a routine patrol in our community that is within their jurisdictions, they must provide even our emergency services. The local also have to maintain the traffic laws, keep the records in order, and conduct our criminal’s matters. The local officers must maintain a budget, maintain property, plan, and analysis, on top of that they must provide laboratory of forensic investigation, create agendas, and provide detention for juveniles and adult’s men and women. Locals also have to provide information to our community, community service, crime prevention in our community, and much more. The local state agencies they charged with many different roles as well. Keeping the...
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...Final Review for ACCT 436 M/C题： 1. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) -Act that lists more than 30 different state and federal crimes for which the violation of any two in a related pattern over a 10-year period can lead to criminal and/or civil liability with criminal penalties of fines up to $25,000 and 20 years in prison; part of the Organized Crime Control Act (OCCA) of 1970. -The act was designed to combat organized crime, forbids certain organized gambling, and to allow the prosecution of criminal leaders who may not have been directly involved in a series of criminal acts but whose criminal organization carried out the details. 2. Benford’s Law (1)定义：A fraud indicator that predicts the relative incidence of first digits of numbers in certain types of random data. (2)Benford Analysis Benford analysis presents another interesting approach to fraud detection. Its general use is to determine the likelihood that fraud exists in records. This technique is based on Benford’s law, named after Frank Benford who realized that the likelihood that numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 will appear as the first digit in numbers occurring in a random data set conforms to a predictable pattern. That is, the number 1 is more likely to appear as the first digit in a number than is the number 2. The pattern of likelihood (Figure 6.6) continues with other digits: The number 2 is more likely to appear as a first digit than 3, 3 is more likely to appear as a first...
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...Evidence To what extent has the use of technology in evidence altered our understanding of adversarialism? What is adversarialism? The adversarial system is the two-sided structure under which criminal trial courts in the UK operate. There are four prominent structural features of the English adversarial system. Firstly, the parties dominate the conduct of proceedings with the judge playing a relatively passive role. Secondly, the parties are free to choose the terrain on which to fight out their legal battles and to select their forensic weapons. Thirdly, Trials are continuous, oral and public events. Fourthly, the imbalance of power between the state and the accused is ameliorated by rules and principles reducing inequality of arms. High level definitions or at least descriptions of the adversarial system abound such as that of Lord Denning in Jones v The National Coal Board.They are all to the effect that the judge is a passive and neutral umpire who cannot descend into the arena for fear of having his or her judgement clouded. The adversarial system is said to be the most efficient means of arriving at approximate truth because it harnesses the power of self-interest on each side to unearth the best evidence. Similarly the best legal arguments are thought to emerge from the clash of advocate’s submission on the law. A classic quotation is that of Lord Eldon in Ex Parte Lloyd that ‘truth is best discovered by powerful statements on both sides of the question.’ This...
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...due to all kinds of reasons such as – * Systemic delays. * Grossly inadequate number of judges8 and prosecutors. * Absence or belated service of summons on witnesses. * Presiding judges proceeding on leave. * Remands being extended mechanically due to lack of time and patience with the presiding judge. * Inadequacy of police personnel and vehicles which prevents the production of all prisoners on their due dates. * Many a times, the escorting police personnel merely produces the remand papers in the courts instead of actually producing the prisoner in front of the magistrate. This practice is widely reported, notwithstanding the strict requirement of the law in Section 167[2][b] of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 [CrPC] which says that – ‘No Magistrate shall...
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...Truro Police Department CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Policy Number: OPS-6.02 REFERENCE: TPDM Policy OPS-6.02.1 Effective Date: June 1, 2000 Revised Date: October 20, 2004 Accreditation Standards: Mass. Gen. Law: Chap. 90, Sec.22B, MRCP 14(a)(1)(A)(viii) Other: Comm. v. DiGiambattista, District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures _________________________ POLICY: It shall be the policy of the Truro Police Department to conduct criminal investigations for the purpose of clearing crimes by arrest and/or complaint; to prosecute lawbreakers; and to recover stolen property. Whenever members of this department conduct an investigation, which requires the interrogation of a suspect, or an interview, connected therewith, all constitutional and statutory rights guaranteed under the law shall be afforded to the individual. The Truro Police Department will ensure that there is a screening of all reported offenses to assure adequate follow-up investigation whenever appropriate. Whenever possible, the District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures with attached forms and checklists will be used when dealing with photo line ups, arrays, show ups and taped interrogations and identifications. (Revised October 20, 2004) PROCEDURES: 1. UNIFORM PATROLMEN CONDUCT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS: Most preliminary investigations will be conducted by members of the patrol force since they are usually the first to arrive at the scene and can start the investigation without delay. Patrolmen...
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...advocates as powerful organizing themes for an emergent style of public safety. How these themes have influenced American policing is yet uncertain. The range and complexity of programs associated with police practices have often precluded systematic scientific investigation. Moreover, community and problem-oriented policing are themselves “moving targets” changing and modifying them in what is an often turbulent environment for law enforcement. This paper will discuss the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American Policing. Also included in this paper will be a brief discussion of the relationship between the United States government and the police organizations in the United States. I will also discuss how this relationship may affect police practices as well. To begin, the English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government's social and economic policies and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 (Gale, 2004, pg.181). Sir Robert Peel was in the tradition of 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, fiscal, and economic policies by making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems. He established a reputation as a firm and compassion person. In...
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...sources and purposes of criminal law is to serve and protect society. The purpose of the criminal law is to guide citizens to follow guidelines and regulations that will give order to society. These guidelines and regulations will try to limit society’s actions that will cause harm to one another citizen or property. The criminal law if violated will provide punishment , sanactions and penalities. There are three primary sources of criminal law in our criminal jsutice system. Common law, Criminal Statutes and Model Penal Code .Common law is a traditional law of an area or region created by judges from individial cases and disputes. Common law changes with time and due to society changes as well. Criminal statues serves for retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and protection. The reason for these actions serves multiple purpose for the victim as well as the defendant. Retribution serves the victim as an act of repaying or repairing something that has been damaged to property or personal injuries done to the victim for medical expenses and distress. Deterrence is a goal of the criminal justice sentencing that seeks to inhibt criminal behaviro through the fear of punishment. (Schmalleger, F., 2009, pg.374). Deterence shows scoiety that acts of deviance do have consequences and they will less likely committ crimes because of the fear of pinishment that comes from it.Rehabiliation is used in perspective to curing an offender of his or her criminal tendencies , personality...
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