...of ancient Greece, from the Greek Dark Ages on. The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, which led to the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable. Along with the rise of the city-state evolved a new style of warfare: the hoplite phalanx. Hoplites were armored infantryman, armed with spear and shield, and the phalanx was a formation of these soldiers with their shields...
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...Ancient Greece The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens, is one of the most representative symbols of the culture and sophistication of the ancient Greeks. Part of a series on the | Modern Greece.Septinsular Republic.War of Independence.First Hellenic Republic.Kingdom of Greece.National Schism.Second Hellenic Republic.4th of August Regime.Axis occupation (collaborationist regime).Civil War.Military Junta.Third Hellenic Republic | History by topic.Art.Constitution.Economy.Military.Names | History of Greece | | Neolithic Greece.Neolithic Greece | Greek Bronze Age.Helladic.Cycladic.Minoan.Mycenaean | Ancient Greece.Homeric Greece.Archaic Greece.Classical Greece.Hellenistic Greece.Roman Greece | Medieval Greece.Byzantine Greece.Frankish and Latin states.Ottoman Greece | | Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BCto the end ofantiquity (c. 600 AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in ancient Greece is the period ofClassical Greece, which flourished during the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Classical Greece began with the repelling of a Persian invasion by Athenian leadership. Because of conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished fromCentral Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. Classical Greek culture...
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...Our idea of a “hero” today is very different from the ancient Greeks’ concept of what a “hero” is. The Greeks believed that a hero was a human, who had superhuman abilities by virtue. Many of the heroes resulted from an illicit relationship between a human and a deity. While a human and deity creating a child would be considered fictional today, the ancient Greeks believed that these heroes were mortals, but were worthy of worship despite their mortality. They were subjects of local religious worship and served as models for the ancient citizens. The heroic myths functioned as a method for recording history and providing precedent for political programs. The ancient Greeks valued loyalty, intelligence, family, and glory amongst many other...
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...inhabited for at least 7000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization. During the early Middle Ages, the city experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th centuries), benefiting from Italian trade. Following a period of sharp decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state. Contents 1 Name 1.1 Geographical setting 2 Antiquity 2.1 Origins and early history 2.2 Reform and democracy 2.3 Classical Athens 2.3.1 Early Athenian military history 2.3.2 Artists and philosophers 2.3.3 Peloponnesian War 3 Athenian coup of 411 BC 3.1 Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League 3.2 Athens under Macedon 3.3 Hellenistic Athens 3.4 Roman Athens 4 Middle Ages 4.1 Byzantine Athens 4.2 Latin Athens 4.2.1 Burgundian period 4.2.2 Aragonese period 4.2.3 Florentine period 5 Modern history 5.1 Ottoman Athens 5.2 Independence from the Ottomans 5.3 Modern Athens 5.3.1 Population influx 5.3.2 Athens under the Nazis 5.3.3 Postwar Athens 5.3.4 Athens today 5.3.5 Recent historical population 5.4 Notable Athenians 5.5 Ancient sites in Athens 6 Notes 7 Further reading The contest of Athena and Poseidon. West Pediment...
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...Sophocles and “A Raisin in the Sun” by Lorraine Hansberry. These two pieces of literature were written in two different time periods. One was written in ancient Greece while the other was written in the 1950’s. These two pieces of literature do have many differences but they also have some similarities. Let’s take a brief look at each of these and then we will compare and contrast the two pieces. “Oedipus Rex” revolves around a nobleman, Oedipus, who leaves his city when a prophecy is revealed to him that says he will kill his father and marry his mother. He travels to the Thebes to escape his fate. On the outskirts of the city, he meets and quarrels with a group of riders, all of whom he kills. When he finally arrives in Thebes, he finds that the Sphinx is tormenting the people. The Sphinx refuses to leave the city unless someone answers his riddle. King Laius has been killed, and the land is without a monarch. Oedipus takes on the challenge, answers his riddle, and becomes King of Thebes. He also marries Jocasta, the widow of Laius.The play is set many years later. A plague has descended on the land, so Oedipus summons the blind prophet, Tiresias (who brings dire warnings). Through a number of conversations, Oedipus discovers that killed on the road was none other than the king. Oedipus has more of a claim to the throne of Thebes than he'd ever imagined. In fact, he was Laius's son. Laius heard the same prophecy as Oedipus, and had sent his baby son away to a distant city, where...
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...about ideas helps discover new learning and interest. Intellect performance shows what we know what we are trying to portray. During the highest peak of the Greek era the society valued body and mind intellect; creating some of the most famous philosophers known to time. Main Ideas and Values of Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek civilization has contributed too many parts of today's society. The teachings and doings of Ancient Greeks have contributed important lessons that many societies still use to base their own laws and ethics on. The Ancient Greeks realized values of loyalty, glory, intelligence and hospitality were important to incorporate into everyday life. Ancient Greek civilization valued dualism, truth and “good society”. Helping your fellow man was an important aspect of ancient Greek society. They offered food, shelter and protection to travelers without question. Loyalty was also embedded in everything the Greeks did. Implementing simple values of loyalty, intelligence, and hospitality into everyday life helped create a strong “good society”; which the Greek valued very much. It is not known why the Greeks felt this way, but with the strong beliefs Ancient Greek had with their gods, it is easy to believe that they did this in practice of...
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...Ancient Greek civilization is Migrations from the east brought the foundations of new civilizations to the Greek mainland, the island of Crete, and the Cyclades Islands east of the Peloponnesus. The Minoan civilization and the Mycenaean civilization developed distinctive social structures that are documented in archaeological records. The dominant Mycenaean civilization then declined for a 250-year period known as the Dark Age of Greece. Polis were formed in Greece after Dark Ages and by the 8th century B.C.E. a significant process of urbanisation had begun. The polis was an independent political unit with its own foreign policy, coinage, patron deity, and even calendar. Some of the well known and important poleis were Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes,...
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...Alexander the Great, War Hero Alexander is one of the greatest war geniuses in history. He was the conqueror of the Persians and the king of Macedonia. He was an inspiration to many other military geniuses, such as Napoleon, Caesar, Pompey of Rome, and Hannibal of Carthage. Alexander was a king in the Ancient Macedonia kingdom of Greece. During his reign, he conquered Indus, Punjab, Bactria, media, Persia, Babylonia, and Egypt. He was also a student of Aristotle. He took over the kingdom of Macedonia after assassination of his father, King Philip. At one point in history, Alexander’s kingdom stretched from the Indus River to the Adriatic Sea. He is remembered for his vast spreading of Greek civilization and culture to other parts of the world. He is often regarded as one of the most influential individuals of all times together with his tutor Aristotle. Alexander was born in Macedonia in 350 BC. His mother was Olympias and his father was Phillip, the ruler of Macedonia. Alexander’s mother was Philip’s fourth wife. Several myths surround Alexander’s birth. According Plutarch, an ancient Greek biographer, Olympia experienced a thunderbolt and flames on her womb after getting married to King Phillip. King Philip is said to have dreamt seeing a lion seal on the womb of his wife just before Alexander was born (Bose23). Plutarch argued that Alexander’s father was Zeus because Olympia got pregnant before getting married to King Phillip. On the day Alexander was born, various extraordinary...
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...In ancient Greece, the people praised the Greek gods like the all powerful Zeus, Hera, and Apollo. There are many stories that focus on Greek gods, some people believe them to be true and some see them as stories. The Greek god Apollo focused on fate, plagues, and healing. He was considered the most Greek god of all gods. In Oedipus Rex, Sophocles uses the Greek god Apollo to show his influences on human life in how he controls fate, how plagues can change people actions, and healing in their lives all in a mythological view. Sophocles uses Oedipus as an example for being born into tragedy was his fate. Before Oedipus was born he was prophesied to kill his father and to marry his mother. Fate is an unpredictable circumstance as Jocasta says, “Why should anyone in this...
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...How well do you truly know yourself? The tragedy, Oedipus the King, takes place in ancient Thebes, Greece and is written around 429 B.C. The author of Oedipus the King is Sophocles, a Greek playwright that was born in Colonus, Athens, greece. Oedipus is talking to the Chorus and says, “I would not have shed my father’s blood/Or heard men call me my mother’s husband.” (1313-1314) Oedipus’ true problem here is that he does not know himself. Oedipus’ problem that causes his downfall is that he does not know himself. Oedipus’ downfall is that he has married his mother and killed his father. This could have been avoided, but Oedipus did not know who his biological parents were. Oedipus and Teiresias were having a disagreement when...
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...Antigone proposes the idea to bury Polynices, Ismene refuses to give her brother a proper burial in fear of facing punishment: “Remember we are women, we’re not born to contend with men. Then too, we’re underlings, ruled by much stronger hands [...] I must obey the ones who stand in power” (Antigone Li. 74-80). At this time in Greece, women were in charge of the oikos, or household, and men treated them like property. At home, women handled making clothes, cooking, cleaning, weaving, and raising and teaching children (“Women in Greece”). A woman belonged to her father until he paid a dowry and had her married off, and then she became the property of her husband. Women rarely received inheritances or owned property themselves (“Greek Attitudes”). Homeric women, like Penelope from The Odyssey, and Andromache from The Iliad, exemplify the expectations of wives at this time. While their main role was to produce and raise heirs, they also wove clothing and watched over their servants (Fantham 33). In the absence of Penelope’s husband, Odysseus, her main objective is protecting the house and her name by fending off incoming suitors, much like the role of women in Greece around...
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...Throughout the history of the world, art has its own history as well. The Ancient art period started before 500 B.C with its characteristics were about God, Goddess and Heroes. Women, in ancient Greek and Roman societies, did not have high status and they were considered as properties of men. During that time, woman was just being a wife and being a mother and stayed at home to take care of the house for her man. Women did not have any role in politics therefore they could not vote and they did not have any right for themselves. The roles of women could be learned by reviewing how female figures were created through the ancient Greek and Roman art works. Most of the female figures, in any art work during this period, were either goddess; such as statue of Athena goddess of wisdom,warfare and women's craft, or monsters; such as Sphixn in Greek mythology. Therefore, during the ancient...
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...Institution Instructor Date of submission Feminism in Ancient Greek Culture from the Perspective of Lysistrata Lysistrata is portrayed as a hero by Aristophanes and just as Antigone had played a social role in politics, so is Lysistrata portrayed. Most ancient Greek writers were people who had established themselves in the society. They were people of class, and when they wrote about women, they mostly wrote about women from their own social class. Women were shown to participate only in the domestic roles of childbearing and that saw many women confined to their houses. They rarely ventured out of the proximity of their domestic dwellings, let alone participate in manly politics. Lysistrata, however, steps up and take up a political role, an unusual thing in ancient Greek. She empowers women and shows their ability to run the state. Lysistrata is thus shown to be a feminist hero boasting of women empowerment. Many Marxist thinkers would conclude that Lysistrata was nothing more about feminism bout about sex. The women of Greece attempt to end the war using their sexuality, an act that prevails as they see their men return home and agree to sign a peace treaty. There is, however, much more beyond sexuality as the play displays issues of gender, masculinity and femininity. In Lysistrata, the masculine authority that has always prevailed in Ancient Greek is challenged by the women of Greece. The main characters, Lysistrata, Myrrhina and kalonike are all given...
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...Geography of Ancient Greece Definition By Michael Falangus Image Results Yahoo.com Geography (from Greek geographia, meaning ‘earth writing’) was first used by Eratosthenes (276 – 194 BCE), and he was believed to be the first to accurately estimate the earth’s circumference. Geography is a field of science dedicated to the study of location, landscape, climate, and human/environment interaction. The geographical features of ancient Greece had a vital impact on its economic, political, and cultural history, and these features contributed to both its limitations and advantages. The homeland of Ancient Greece can be found at the tip of the Balkan Peninsula with over 1,000 islands in Southwestern Europe. It is surrounded by the...
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...Ages ago in ancient Greece, there lived a hero named Hercules. He was the son of Zeus and lived on Earth with a mortal family. This is how his life started in many variations of the legend of Hercules. The three legends that will be discussed are Edith Hamilton's book Mythology, the History Channel's 2009 "Hercules" from the series Clash of the Gods, the 2014 movie Hercules directed by Brett Ratner and starring Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, and the 1997 animated movie Hercules directed by John Musker and Ron Clements. Throughout every version there are similarities and differences. One way the legend of Hercules is explored is in the book Mythology by Edith Hamilton. It begins with Alcmene giving birth to Hercules and his brother Iphicles. It...
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