...PSYCOLOGY Wilhelm Wundt is the man most commonly identified as the father of psychology. Why Wundt? Other people such as Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, and ErnstWeber were involved in early scientific psychology research, so why are they not credited as father of psychology? Because Wundt's formation of the world's first experimental psychology lab is usually noted at the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct science. By establishing a lab that utilized scientific methods to study the human mind and behavior, Wundt took psychology from a mixture of philosophy and biology and made it a unique field of study. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from biology and philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a Psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology".[4][5] In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study *Introduction of Psycology Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, cognition, and emotion. Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres...
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...Q )Utilizing an example of a leader of your choice discuss their leadership style. Demonstrate your undershanding of a variety of leadership theory by applying this to your leader and critically analyse the theories that you are using The purpose of this essay is to discuss the leadership style of William Henry "Bill" Gates III. Bill was born on October 28, 1955 in Seattle Washington... we will look into a number of theories, such as(pg 280 psycology hand book.leadership and creating meaning) Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft. He was chief executive officer of Microsoft from 1975to 2000 where he stepped down and took the position of chairman.(leadership style). The question is was Bill born with leadership qualities that lead him to employ (leadership style) or was he moulded by his experience and education into the leader he is today. According to House and Aditya (1997), management training and development efforts will result in improved management appears to be taken as an article of faith by many organizations…there is little evidence that such training results in more effective management behaviour. Businesses and governments invest in organisations to train individuals to become the leaders of tomorrow, however . According to House and Aditya (1997), management training and development efforts will result in improved management appears to be taken as an article of faith by many organizations…there is little evidence that such training results in more effective...
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...Psychology is a relativly new field in all of the sciences, only about 130 years old.(Ciccarelli,White, Psychology third edition) Some new theories have emerged because of dissatisfaction of older ones. As an outcome every system of psychology different motives and differing perspectives on what is fact and what is not, therfore the using of different research methods, tachniques and goals defines what each system views the truth. This will be eximined through the examples of Behaviorism and Psycoanalysis. Two different examples of psychology. Behaviorism and psycoanalisis both have evolved out of unique social and intellectual cvontexts. Psychoanalisis is arguably the most influential system of psychology. It was pioneered by Sigmond Freud in Vienna during the 19th century. During this time various social trends were in operation. These were the creation of the German School, anti-semitism and the role of woman is society. All of these things impacted Frteud for instance the German school provided the basis for his treatment situation and anti-sematic polices forced him into the medical profession. Freud was also influenced by several individuals, Josef Breuer, Jean-Martin Charcot and Rudolf Chrobak. All three of these individuals had radical views about the role of sex in neurotic disorders. For example Breurer once said that "neurotic disorders were always concered with secrets of the marital bed". These views were influenced Freud as did Breuers former patient Anna O. Through...
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...PSYCHOLOGY 3G COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY AsSIGNMENT General requirements and marking: * All assignments must be typed * Arial 11 point, 1.5 line spacing, normal margins * Estimated page allocation: * INTRODUCTION: approximately half a page * LITERATURE REVIEW: approximately 2 – 3 pages * RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: approximately 2 pages * RESULTS: approximately 1 page * DISCUSSION: approximately 1 page * Scoring rubric: Criteria | Mark | Title | 2 | Table of contents | 3 | Introduction | 5 | Literature review | 20 | Research methodology | 20 | Results | 10 | Discussion | 20 | Language editing | 10 | Referencing and reference list | 10 | TOTAL | 100 | * Note that we use the American Psychological Association’s referencing style in all academic work in Psychology. You can find APA guides in the library, or on the internet. Template for report Title of report: ____________________________ Student name: ______________________ Student number: ____________________ Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Here I expect students to write a short introduction on time perception, and the research problem. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Suggestions for the literature review include: 3.1 Definition of time perception 3.2 The neuropsychology of time perception 3.3 Zimbardo’s theory of time perception 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.4 Research Design Description of single case study...
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...perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are: Psychoanalytical Psychology is a study of theories about the relationship between the past conscious and unconscious mental processes. Behaviorist Psychology emphasized objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior. Humanistic Psychology is the study of free will. It is the study of voluntary and involuntary or reflex behavior. This is the fight or flight and survival of the fittest theory. Cognitive Psychology emphasizes thoughts, perception, and information processing. It is the study of how we view things in everyday life and how they affect us. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological examines behavior study of the brain. How the brain processes information electrically and which part of the brain processes the information. Evolutionary Psychology is a study of natural selection and the way we grow and adapt to the changes in the world. Sociocultural Psycology is the way we view the world dependant upon which culture we are brought up in. The beliefs that are passed down through our religion, social status, and attitudes. Sigmund Freud was one of the major figures in Psychology. Although his views are...
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...generally conducted with a "decontexualized universal child" (placing a child in a controlled setting). Super (1986) says the "developmental niche" has been set into three different components; the physical and social settings in which the child lives, the customs of child care, and the psychology of the caregivers. Other features the interviewers may look at could include; the social, and cognitive rules of the particular culture, the individuals characteristics, or even how independent the child may or may not be. Jean Piaget was one of the most influential researchers of the 20th century, while working in an IQ test lab in Paris, he became very interested in the way children think and how they choose their reasoning in answers. Cognitive Theory has two major aspects; the child's process of coming to know, and the stages they go through in order to reach this process. The development of infants is not based on lessons learned as learning to walk or talk. Babies have a want...
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...Motivation: Self-worth theory Motivation: Self-worth theory Since 1890 many people have pondered and tested the theory that what a person thinks about themselves impacts what they achieve in life. Goals, aspirations and the motivation to achieve such things vary from person to person depending their high or low opinion of self-worth. There is a direct correlation between success and self-worth, academic goals and achievement behavior are affected by the quality of self-regulation (Covington, 2000). Education is all about motivation and when someone has a greater sense of self[worth they want to achieve greater things and better themselves. Besides self-worth another huge motivator is to have a sense of belonging, integrity, and the respect of others (Covington, 2000). Building the self-worth of employees is a great motivational tool. Recognizing superior effort publicly, or privately will boost a person’s self-worth and motivate them to keep up the good work or do better. Simply treating someone with respect and dignity will greatly improve their self-worth and therefore their motivation. If you treat an employee as an equal, listening to their ideas and contributions instead of just forcing them to implement your ideas, they will feel better about themselves and their work. Business is serious, but people will be more motivated if they have reason to smile (Charney, 2005). ...
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...Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Gregory Finch PSY/360 Axia College/University of Phoenix Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Because of a prominent contrast, behaviorism and cognitive psychology are often compared. Cognitive psychology focuses on determining understandable explanations of the human mental processes, whereas behaviorism does not address the concerns of mental processes. The main objective of cognitive psychology is to explain the human transformation of thoughts into manifistations by a cognitive process. As behaviorism was being questioned and at the end of popular opinion, cognitive psychology, with the assistance of the application of abstract concepts, neuroscience, and new technology sprung into existence. With a scientific approach of the psyche, cognitive psychology has allowed new applications in the treatment of human dysfunction and disease. It is the intension of this paper to discuss the importance of behavioral observation in cognitive psychology while identifying a minimum of four prominent milestones in the development of the discipline of cognitive psychology. Cognitive Psychology Defined According to Merriam-Webster, by definition, cognitive psychology is “a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as...
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...Running head: PSYCHOANALYTIC FAMILY COUNSELING APPROACH Psychoanalytic Family Therapy Counseling Approach Liberty University 2012 COUN 601-B05 LUO Dr. Jenkins Abstract When a family’s environment becomes saturated with chronic conflict the members become unable to achieve a healthy balance and mutual respect. This turmoil needs to be neutralized rather than exacerbated, in order to gain mutual respect for all family members. Family therapy can establish the reduction of conflict among the family system. Sometimes a family member can be diagnosed with a disorder creating anger and resentment among members. The family members’ symptoms can be manifested through fear, anxiety and trepidation with in his or her unique story (Mesh et Al, 2006, ¶ 3). The uniqueness of the family unit can carry through to how this system responds to counseling. A family can benefit from recognizing the signs of panic, anxiety, and or dysfunctional communication. This recognition can allow the family unit to seek counseling to neutralize family conflict and to gain effective coping skills. I enjoyed reading Worthington’s’ Hope Focused marriage Counseling. If their is one thing that I try to accomplish through the Lord everyday with patients and families is to re-affirm belief and give hope. Re-aspiring hope can be used in our life and in counseling as a core Christian value by making God first in our lives. As Christian counselors this means teaching others to continuously seek his...
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...Emotions in Adolescents In adolescents their emotions are more complex at this age than any other age. The reason why is mainly they are going through puberty and have hormones that are going all over the place. Adolescence is often characterized as a time of emotional turbulence, hormonal changes, and teen rebellion against parents (Cooley, 2012). Most adolescents start having mixed emotions about their clothes, who they hang out with, and many more things in life. Emotions are defined as an instinctual, reflexive, or automatic reasoning (Cooley, 2012). When an adolescent experiences an emotion it involves a cognitive appraisal of a situation and subsequently appraisal influenced by their emotional experience. Emotions provide important social cue information, recalling experience and how to respond in social interactions. Emotions have three domains: Experience, Arousal, and Expression (Lanteigne, 2012). This is when adolescents learn to be more adaptive at managing their emotions to achieve social goals and masking emotional expression. For western popular culture adolescents emotions based on gender differences are widely held. Learning to express emotions is the key feature of healthy social emotional development (Chaplin, 2012). This paper is going to talk about the adolescents and their emotions and what roles that partake in everyday life for them. Explaining what affects the different roles in each gender as well. Emotions are a source of information and basis for...
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...Introduction to Counseling PSY331 Instructor Dr. Chauntel Gustis January 11, 2015 * Introduction Over the last 12 years, I have undergone a lot of personal experiences with my children that have required the assistance of a child mental health professional. After much frustration with not always being able to find the appropriate individual due to shortages, I have made it my mission to become educated in my children's conditions and continue so that in the future I can assist parents and children who find themselves in the same predicament that I did for so long and I can best do that by becoming a child psychologist. Child psychologists work with children in areas that expand from general research to dealing with a variety of complex therapeutic treatments that are aimed at helping with their social and mental development. Often, we can find these experts working for schools, courts or even within private practices. One thing for sure is that they must be qualified, dedicated and equipped to handle the issues of the child and at times the family unit especially if they are as complex as the case of Briana. The Client - Briana Briana is currently 15 years old and is a lovely young lady with a couple of diagnoses. Her first diagnosis is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can only be diagnosed "after a person experiences symptoms for at least one month following a traumatic event, yet she was diagnosed at age 4. The disorder is characterized...
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...Cmea Psycology 11 October 2012 A Briefing in Autism Autism is a brain impairment, a disorder that affects the neural development, causing difficulty in a person's ability to communicate, understand and speak, and most of all social interaction. Childhood autism usually manifests itself before the age of three and is more common in boys than girls, 1 in 88 kids are now diagnosed with some type of autism in the United States. Autism is not necessarily accompanied by mental retardation because there are cases of children with speech and intelligence intact, especially those diagnosed with “...Asperger's Syndrome, a high functioning form of autism, that is marked by normal intelligence, often accompanied by exceptional skill or talent in a specific area, but deficient social and communication skills...” (Myers). Giving the fact that austim is a spectrum (ASD – Autism Spectrum Disorder), which I like to compare it to a rainbow, there are many forms, or categories that are within the spectrum. One of them is PDD, Pervasive Developmental Disorder which differs from autism by becoming evident only after 3 years of age. Because Autism has not a specific cause, it is called syndrome (= set of symptoms) and as in any syndrome, the degree of impairment can vary from most severe to the milder and reaches all social classes worldwide. Leo Kanner (1894 to 1981) was the first to classify autism in 1943, when he published “Autistic disturbances of affective contact”, in the magazine...
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...CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 RATIONALE 2 PROCEDURE 3 DATA ANALYSIS 4 * TO ANALYSE THE DATA WEIGHTAGES ARE GIVEN AS SUCH: 4 * DATA ANALYSIS OF CONTENT QUESTIONS & SUGGESTED METHOD 5 DISCUSSION 6 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 APPENDIX- A 11 INTRODUCTION The main aim of this report is to identify the teaching strategies used to teach the topic Partnership in O’ Level Business studies and to evaluate how much students have understood the content by using those strategies. The results will then be compare with the accepted learning theories and evaluate the answers given by the students to check how appropriate the strategy was. To conclude the report, suggestions of different new strategies that could be used to enhance students understanding in this concept will be highlighted. RATIONALE The main aim of any teacher would be making the students understand what is being taught. In a classroom there will be students of different cognitive levels, each of them will have a different method of acquiring knowledge. Learning is a change in an individual caused by experience (Slavin, 2000), the teacher should be able to identify how individual students learn and develop further understanding, after evaluating the students learning method it is very important that the teacher provide learning opportunities that support the academic and personal development of the child. To provide students with learning opportunities teachers could use different teaching techniques...
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...identify with, they are able to better understand who they are. In the final stage, social comparison, groups start to compare themselves with others searching for what makes their group better than the rest. Division is a natural tendency that occurs in order for people to understand ourselves and others. Our group help us identify what people are like and how to perceive them and interact with them. However, with division comes conflict because as we divide we have this urgency to be better than others.The problem is not the division per say, it’s perfectly fine to disagree and have differences. Conflict occurs when individuals begin criticizing the out group in an attempt to better ourselves, this is known as Social identity theory (Simply Psycology 5). Groups exaggerate the differences between us and them manufacturing ideologies that our ingroups are what need to be valued more than the community as a whole causing division to remain. Aesop, a slave in Greece during the 6th century B.C once said United we stand, divided we fall and continuously after that people used it to lead civil movements to fight injustice. Historical figures promoted change by uniting their people. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for civil rights and was able to bring the black community together in order to fight the injustice against them all. He knew that division is the ultimate threat to peace. In fact powerful people have pitted “us vs them” to divide communities. During the industrial era...
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...PSYCOLOGY EXAM Differentiate between Freud and Erikson's approach to psychoanalytic theory in this lesson. You will examine and compare developmental stages side by side and have the opportunity to test your knowledge with a quiz at the end. Example for Comparison Mary has a 3-month-old daughter. Mary bottle feeds her child and follows a strict schedule for feeding times. The child is not allowed to have a pacifier. Mary is an affectionate parent, and all of her child's needs are met. How could the actions that occur in the child's life now affect her later development? Similarities of Freud and Erikson Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development that could be used to explain the developmental effects of this scenario. In this lesson, we will examine what these two theories have in common and how they differ. Erikson's theory followed Freud's and was based on many of Freud's ideas. Because of this, the two theories have similarities. Both theorists recognize the importance of the unconscious on development. They also both separate development into stages of a person's life and utilize similar age divisions for these developmental stages. Differences of Freud and Erikson However, there are several differences that exist between the names of the stages and the developmental issues that are encountered during each. Part of the reason for this is that each psychologist has his own unique...
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