...The Functionalist Theory of Socialization Socialization is the process by which individuals become self-aware and learn the culture. Socialization is categorized into two: Primary socialization, which is socialization done in early years of life; and Secondary socialization; which is socialization that continues throughout life. Functionalists see society as based on consensus – a system of shared norms and values. Marxists see society as based on conflict, the conflict is based on differing interest of those with economic power know as bourgeoisie and the masses/working class known as the proletariat. Interactionist consider the meaning individuals give to their actions which arise out of interaction with others, in other words people’s behavior is not the product of external forces such as society. Functionalists see society as a system or structure that operates similar to that of the human body. The system has different parts known as social institutions. The Institutions have useful roles/functions to perform which leads to a well ordered society. They say the purpose of socialization is to unite society in set of shared norms and values which is known consensus. Functionalists, such as Talcott Parsons, saw socialization as vital to the process by which a value consensus is produced in society. Socialization provides people with common goals, and teaching them the appropriate behavior associated with particular roles and allows them to learn the norms of social...
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...HISTORY OF SOCIALIZATION Socialization (or socialisation) is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. Socialization is thus ‘the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’.[1][2] Socialization describes a process which may lead to desirable, or 'moral', outcomes. Individual views on certain issues, such as race or economics, may be socialized (and to that extent normalized) within a society. Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not 'blank slates' predetermined by their environment.[3] Scientific research provides some evidence that people might be shaped by both social influences and genes.[4][5][6][7] Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes[8]. | | edit] Theories Socialization is the means by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society, and is the most influential learning process one can experience.[9] Unlike other living species, whose behavior is biologically set, humans need social experiences to learn their culture...
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...Socialization From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the sociological concept. For the political and economic concept, see Socialization (economics). Sociology Portal Theory · History Positivism · Antipositivism Functionalism · Conflict theory Middle-range · Mathematical Critical theory · Socialization Structure and agency Research methods Quantitative · Qualitative Historical · Computational Ethnographic · Network analytic Topics · Subfields Cities · Class · Crime · Culture Deviance · Demography · Education Economy · Environment · Family Gender · Health · Industry · Internet Knowledge · Law · Medicine Politics · Mobility · Race and ethnicity Rationalization · Religion · Science Secularization · Social networks Social psychology · Stratification Categories · Lists Journals · Sociologists Article index · Outline Major category: Sociology v t e Socialization (or socialisation) is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies. It may provide the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society; a society develops a culture through a plurality of shared norms, customs, values, traditions, social roles, symbols and languages. Socialization is thus ‘the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’.[1]. [2] Socialization...
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...Topic 2 – Mass Media There appears to be an increase in tolerance and acceptance in regards to censorship within various forms of media in modern society. Throughout the rapid globalization of the previous century, society has become increasingly lenient of what filters through popular culture and into the minds of young generations and future leaders. Simultaneously, the standards of what is considered to be inappropriate for the general public have also changed throughout this period; in previous generations we have seen protests against certain content in music, films and various other forms of media for being considered unsuitable for the general public, however over time the voice of protests have been overshadowed by the popularity of the content, thereby over time creating a social tolerance of media content. The material that floods through the media today is significantly more provocative compared to previous decades; if Kim Kardashian’s naked body was the face of the media anytime during the 20th century, the public response would be chaotic, however in 2014 this was not only tolerated but to some extent, it was glorified. Significantly influencing the morals and values obtained by society, the content that flows through the media appears to have a link with social issues such as gender stereotypes, which has shown to produce gender inequality. Throughout recent globalization, it is clear that the values within western culture has rapidly evolved along with technological...
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...Quick Review Primary Socialization •Socialization is the process whereby we learn to become competent members of a group. Primary socialization is the learning we experience from the people who raise us. •Researchers have many theories about the developmental stages that children experience. •Freud theorized that the development of the id, ego, and superego occurs over time and that the three must be in balance. •Mead developed a theory which posited that “self” is a product of social experience. •Cooley developed the notion of the looking-glass self. •Piaget posited four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. •Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development with three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. •Agents of socialization are people, groups, and experiences that influence behavior and self-image. They include family, school, peer groups, and the mass media. •Isolated or institutionalized children may not experience primary socialization and can suffer many social and psychological defects as a result. Resocialization •Primary socialization occurs in childhood. Resocialization, the learning of new norms and values, occurs later in life, when life circumstances change or when people join a new group. •The workplace is an agent of resocialization. •Total institutions are environments in which people are isolated from mainstream society and expected to adhere to rigid...
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...SOC-102 Narrative Outline for Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach Chapter 3 - Socialization Part 1: Chapter 3 – Socialization. This chapter outlines the role of society in the formation of human beings. It begins by demonstrating the large difference between those individuals that have been born and raised in a society compared to those that have not, such as feral children. It then goes on to discuss various theories of socialization, such as Cooley's looking glass self analysis. Furthermore, it discusses Freud and the idea of learning personality as opposed to it being an inhernet part of our genetics. Other aspects of the chapter include the discussion of various agents of socialization and the various ages in which we are suscpetible to changes in personality. Part 2: Divide the chapter into three sections by content as it is organized in the book and write a summary of each. Section 1 – Social Upbringing This section discusses the effect of where and how one is raised. It is all about how society influences our personality and uses examples such as feral children to demonstrate this point. However, this chpater also demonstrates the effect of children that are raised in isolation and institutions. Language, for example, is not an innate part of the human mind; this conclusion is reached by studies of isolated children that have no natural language nor ability to speak. Key Definition(s): Nature: The characteristics that we are born...
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...Question 1 Which of the following behaviors is most likely the result of workplace socialization? • Holding the door open for a coworker • Responding to emails within two hours • Arriving on time • Listening quietly when your boss is speaking Question 2 What is the sociological definition of significant others? • Specific people important in a child’s life who have the greatest impact on their self-evaluation • Relationships characterized by intense emotional ties, face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and a strong, enduring sense of commitment • Those whose opinions provide the basis for how we judge our own attitudes or behaviors • People of similar age and social standing that influence our norms and values Question 3 The study of social interaction as if it were governed by the norms of theatrical performance is referred to as: • Presentation of self • Theatrical socialization • Dramaturgical approach • Shakespearean social interaction Question 4 The unspoken classroom socialization to the norms, values, and roles of a culture that school provides is referred to as: • Textbook socialization • Socialization curriculum • Curriculum of inequality • Hidden curriculum Question 5 Which of the following behaviors is most likely the result of family socialization? • Texting and holding a face-to-face conversation at the same time • Standing during the playing of the national anthem • Arriving to an important appointment 15 minutes...
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...from lay learner to academic scholar. The transition from being a “learner” to a “critical thinker” requires the doctoral student to ascertain an individual perspective of how best to obtain and synthesize knowledge for the purpose of creating new knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to determine how important developmental social networks (both academic and non-academic) and critical thinking are to new doctoral students. Weidman and Stein (2003) analyzed the effect of the social climate between students and faculty at academic departments on the overall development of professional identity among Ph.D. students. Baker and Lattuca (2003) analyzed developmental network theory and the theory of sociocultural perspectives on learning to theorize that an interdisciplinary approach of learning and socialization was the best model for promoting positive professional identity development. Visser, Visser and Schlosser (2003) examined the importance and impact of social networks in the development of critical thinking skills among students by contrasting distance learners with traditional classroom learners at the university level. Comparison of Research Questions In their studies, the authors tackle how doctoral students can best prepare for a doctoral education and how developing social relationships and networks within their chosen academic programs helps doctoral students with developing a professional academic identity. Visser et. al. (2003) analyzed the first part of that journey...
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...Socialization is defined by sociologist as the social interaction process through which the culture of a society is taught and learned and the personalities of humans are developed. Socialization is a continuing process throughout an individual’s life. Because socialization is a process of social interaction this means it occurs through communication and it varies depending on the society, community and social groups you grow up in. People who socialize individuals are agents of socialization; some examples of agents of socialization would be; parents, teachers, church and peers. There are some criminologists who study the importance of socialization in regards to crime. They really look at how family, school and peers influence criminal behavior. Edwin Sutherland was the first criminologist to focus on the relationship between crimes and the socialization process rather than physiology, race, mental disorder etc. Sutherland developed the differential association theory, the process of social interaction by which individual acquires definitions favorable and unfavorable to law violation. The differential association theory states that through interaction with people, individuals learn their values, attitudes and motives for criminal behavior. This is the idea of cultural transmission. Sutherland presented nine propositions explaining differential association and they are as follows; criminal behavior is learned, it’s learned via communication, it occurs within personal...
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...1. Sociologists are merely interested in how socialization impacts society as a whole and are also concerned with knowing whether every individual in society go through the stages of socialization in a similar way or order and if it is effective in teaching them how to fit into society. When it comes to one 'self', one is constantly evolving. Sociologists seem to have a great interest with how 'self-identity' is acquired and how people begin to develop into their own person. Everyone is different and each individual evolves differently; whether it is physically, mentally or emotionally (which goes without saying). Furthermore, Sociologists view the topic from the sociological perspective "seeing the strange in the familiar", by looking at socialization and digging deep into into how socialization shapes people's lives and every step from childhood to adulthood of how they evolve. Sociologists observe that nothing in society is obvious on the surface. Secondly, when it comes to "depersonalizing the personal", sociologists usually look at the way an individual is growing up and how socialization plays a huge role in it. Such as, gender roles and the ongoing patterns that gender roles have whilst a child is growing older. For example, from a young age, girls play with dolls, have little cooking materials as toys to prep them for the future when they have to perform their maternal duties such as cooking. Girls are also taught that pink is their 'color'. They have pink clothes, pink...
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...The Socialization of Children: Home Schooling Over Public Schooling Every parent who makes a decision to home school can be assured that they are going to hear the dreaded "S" word. What about socialization? Often that's the extent of the question without any major elaboration. It seems to me that there are 3 basic implications in the question: Socialization is necessary. Socialization is good. And finally, to be properly socialized, children must spend large amounts of time with their peers. This paper will go into detail to consider the question of whether home schooling or public schooling provides the most positive socialization for children, and the least negative socialization. This is the primary concern of those who question the soundness of home schooling. Before dealing with these assumptions however, let's first consider one important question: What is socialization? I looked it up in Webster s Collegiate Dictionary Socialize- 1. To place under group or government control; especially, to regulate according to socialist principles. 2. To convert from an antisocial to a social attitude; make friendly, cooperative, or sociable. 3. To convert or adapt to the needs of a social group. 4. To take part in social activities. (1995) The dictionary gives us clear and rigid definitions of socializing yet because of that rigid-ness, it loses some ability to be practically applied to our changing society. Socialization can and has been interpreted in many...
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...family, coworkers and cohort members all play a critical role in fostering the doctoral identity. “Developmental Networks and Learning: Toward an Interdisciplinary Perspective on Identity Development during Doctoral Study by Baker and Lattuca, (2010) discusses and links two theories – developmental networks and sociocultural perspectives on learning and to foster the interdisciplinary approach of doctoral education as a Segway to the professoriate. Weidman and Stein (2003) in “Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic Norms” addresses socialization of doctoral students to the academic norms of research and scholarship. They are joined by Visser, Visser and Schloasser’s “Critical Thinking Distance Education and Traditional Education” (2003), emphasizes the importance of critical thinking to traditional and distance education. These three articles are so intertwined, that it would be futile to discuss one without the input of the other two. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, compare and synthesize the themes via literature reviews inclusive of research questions, sample populations, the results, limitations and recommendations that include future studies. This paper will discuss how socialization and critical thinking shape doctoral students’ identity developmentally and...
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...world. Using this theory, we can understand how children are socialized both intentionally and unintentionally. You must understand how this theory applies to your own upbringing as well as a young child's upbringing in order to truly comprehend the concept. After reading the text and the “Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory” article, use your understanding of this theory to respond to the questions below. Using Bronbenbrenner's ecological model, respond to the following questions: a. How did the microsystem that you grew up in differ from your parents’ or grandparents’ microsystems? Do you think this is a detrimental or an affirmative change to society as a whole? b. How do you think technology, specifically social media, influences a child's mesosystems? Agents of Socialization . Agents of socialization include parents, siblings, extended family, community, culture, economic environment, religion, child care, school, teachers, peers, formal organizations, sports, mass media, and technology. In an ideal world, these agents would complement one another in order to best influence a child's development. Choose three of the above agents and discuss how these agents can have both a positive and negative influence on a child's development. Include examples from your own experience and share ways that you believe the agents of socialization could be improved. Socialization. If you could change any of the major agents of socialization in your own upbringing...
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...Social Learning Theory (Week 2: Assignment) The Social Learning Theory (Week 2 Assignment) There are several theories that have been developed in order for man to explain social development and the social concepts created by these developments. The many different theories that “explain how people become socialized, including the psychoanalytic theory, the functionalism theory, the conflict theory, and the symbolic interaction theory look at the individual learning process of man” (Vissing, 2011). They dive into the formation of one’s self, and they explain how the influence of society within socialization affects individuals. The social learning theory is one of these theories that attempt to explain the details of socialization and the effects of one’s own development. The social learning theory has been noted and acknowledged within the psychology community for some time now and was greatly shaped by psychologist, Albert Bandura. Overall, the social learning theory has several aspects and elements that make it a formidable and studied theory by many psychologists and it is used by many while attempting to explain how exactly people become socialized. To begin with, the social learning theory takes in to account the formation of one’s identity. The identity is considered to be a learned response to social encounters. The theory “emphasizes the societal context of socialization rather than the individual mind” (Anderson, 2009) and it “postulates that an individual’s identity...
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...Socialization into nursing Student's Name Course Number May 29, 2014 Faculty Name Socialization into nursing The concept of the socialization of nursing and the actual application and practice of nursing, in my experience, are two completely different ideals. While the research suggests that professional socialization into the practice of nursing is where “individuals acquire a personal identity and learn the values, norms, behaviors, and social skills appropriate to their social position” (Melrose, Miller, Gordon, & Janzen, 2012, pg. 2), my experience was diametrically different. I encountered more dissension amongst the other nurses and very few of them had any interest in acclimating new recruits. The orientation process was more like a sink or swim environment and the only real transference of knowledge came when I confronted the more experienced nurses and bombarded them with questions regarding the specifics of the cultural processes and procedures. Conceptually, socialization into nursing should have been an opportunity for me to develop an identity as a nursing professional, however, that really didn’t take place until I after my orientation and I migrated to a different shift, with a new group of professional nurses who saw that I needed their assistance. At this point in my nursing journey, the process of socialization began to be more textbook like. New nurses were heavily oriented to the environment and were encouraged to ask questions. We were assigned...
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