...of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offers solutions for the future. A justification of the system is also offered based on the histories, trends and causation theories. Community Involvement Community involvement is an important aspect of the juvenile justice system. Police form communities ties through their involvement and contact with those in the community. Juvenile attitudes and perceptions of police are based on several issues. Weakened community ties, fear of crime, and higher levels of strain contribute and create negative juvenile attitudes towards law enforcement. Individuals that do not have contact with the police tend to have the highest perception of law enforcement. In an analysis of juvenile attitudes, it was found that juveniles that had contact with police through prevention programs had similar attitudes towards the police as those that had no contact with law enforcement (Brick, Taylor, & Esbensen, 2009, p. 493). Adjudicated youth with disabilities transitioning back into the community are also facing issues. This transition can be difficult under...
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...Managerial Practices Executive Summary Brendan Moaratty CJA/484 June 15, 2015 Gina Craft Managerial Practices Executive Summary Organizational effectiveness is the ability of a particular organization to run as a well-oiled machine that meets goals set in place for success throughout an organization. An organization must work efficiently; therefore obtainable goals must be set within achievable timeframes in order to meet all expectations of the organizations main purpose. This allows an organization to produce productive work with a desired effect throughout the organization without wasteful use of valued assets (Charrier, K. 2007). Organizational effectiveness is imperative when managing each area of criminal justice personnel in a law enforcement capacity, courts, or correctional facility personnel. Each of the settings is different, but the behavior concepts for each department of a law enforcement function must be the same when it comes to managing a department properly and professionally. Organizational effectiveness is where each member of the organization works as a team efficiently and effectively to the best of their ability for mission success. The desired outcome of organizational effectiveness is to utilize all the resources necessary to complete the mission, but at little cost of man hours, allotted time, necessary materials, and energy to the organization as a whole. This entails a productive team to obtain all goals without having an adverse effect on...
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...Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Lauren Raven CJS/221 Alan Hazel 3-15-2015 Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Experiences with social institutions and law enforcement agencies shape the worldview by influencing community-police relations through individual and group perception. The patterns and existence of institutionalized discrimination, contextual discrimination, and individual discriminatory behaviors within the criminal justice system carry considerable influence on public perception of police departments. The effects of social class, race, and ethnicity on citizen opinions of how law enforcement agencies operate include instances of corruption, systematic discrimination, and general misunderstandings of cultural diversities. Institutionalized discrimination describes a wider pattern of events regarding discriminatory practices incorporated into processes, procedures, and organizational structure (Walker, Spone, Delone, 2012). An example may include policies that permit judges to consider employment or domestic history in their decision making process.Whether these occurrences are due to prejudice or racism, or are the result of a general lack of consideration for the needs of various social identities, they essentially indicate a problematic system. Pure justice provides restorative justice for victims and their rights, yet attains an unbiased, unprejudiced...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Abstract 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Introduction and Background to the Problem 4 Definition 4-5 Prevention Begins With Leadership 5-7 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Psychology and Social Perspectives 7-9 Theories to Analyze Police Behavior 9-15 CHAPTER THREE: DISCUSSION Implications of Police Corruption and Conclusion 15-18 REFERENCES 19 Abstract Society has a responsibility to respect the community and of course, the police officers that protect the community. More often than not, society’s respect of police officers is nonexistent due to the constant media reports of police corruption and brutality. Police corruption has been around since its conception, but is now being publicized more heavily. As a result, mistrust of police officers has increased. Solutions to the mistrust must be discovered and implemented. Even more important than solution is prevention of police corruption and practices that will make the police reputation and actions more ethically sound. With appropriate discipline and prevention practices in place, integrity will be established within the organization and public trust will be established within the community. CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Background Police Corruption takes place when a police officer engages in an unethical way that is motivated by the desire for personal gain. In most countries there...
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...Every society has rules to go by and laws that must not be broken and along with that is the criminal justice that even gives the criminal rights. Criminals in the United States are to be given their rights and not to have harm to them in any way under the justice system as they may be freed from their prosecution and their case be acquitted if found in their favor if an act of unjust or immoral conduct has been found. Law enforcement professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. “The United States Department of Justice seeks to prevent or resolve community conflicts and tensions arising from actions, policies, and practices perceived to be discriminatory on the basis of race, color, or national origin (CRS National Office).” Every officer must follow and obey the law in and out of vested uniform. The Constitution of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of law enforcement professionals by the prohibitions against warrantless search and seizure are parts of the United States Constitution which are relevant to the ethical standards of law enforcement. Law enforcement professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution by following Law Enforcement Oath of Honor this is recommended as by the International Association of Chiefs of Police as symbolic statement of commitment to ethical behavior: “On my honor, I will never betray my badge, my integrity, my character, or the public trust. I will...
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...Paper Introduction The criminal justice field is one that centers on motivation and empowerment amongst employees. These are concepts that not only guide, but also maintain constructive behaviors. Motivation and empowerment are that force every professional needs to preserve their goals and ambitions. This paper will provide three academic theories of motivation including an explanation on each theory. It will also define empowerment and its components. Next, it will compare and contrast motivation and empowerment. In this paper there will also be an evaluation on the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization. Lastly this paper will outline the theory of Transformational Leadership and contrast the roles of motivation and empowerment in leadership style. Define and state at least three (3) academic theories of motivation In any organization the key role of managers is the motivation of their personnel. This can be done in many different ways. This section will discuss three academic theories on how to properly motivate employees. The first theory is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory states that certain needs have to be met before an individual will work towards fulfilling other needs. The first set of needs that need to be met our survival needs; they include things such as food water and air. Until these needs are met an individual cannot focus on anything else the second set of needs would include safety and security...
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...of Law Enforcement are found in the theories of Immanuel Kant. Kant’s main theory is that we all have the wisdom to make right decisions. We make those decisions based on our “duty” to morally exhibit good behaviors, regardless of the consequences. The duty of law enforcement officers is to enforce the good will and morals of society. This essay with show the links between Kant and Law Enforcement. INTRODUCTION Every profession is governed by a Code of Ethics. This code is specific to each individual profession, and shows the underlying values of that profession. This code also serves as a behavior guide for business professionals to follow. In a perfect world, everyone would make ethically moral business choices. German philosopher Immanuel Kant developed a moral philosophy/ethical theory based on this. In summary, his theory states that as humans, we are to act moral because, it is our duty to; it is our duty to make good decisions, with respect to the expectations of society, regardless of the consequences. In A Kantian Approach to Business Ethics (2008), Norman E. Bowie writes, “Kant argued the highest good was the good will. To act from a good will is to act from duty. Thus it is the intention behind an action rather than its consequences that make that action good,” (p. 57). From a Kantian perspective, law enforcement is built on the premise of duty, and moral standards. This means that law enforcement officers are bound, by the law, to...
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...selection, training, and performance appraisal. Organizational behavior also focuses on understanding and enhancing the well-being of employees, human relations within organizations, employee attitudes, behavior, stress, and the practices of management. As Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, & Uhl-Bien, (2010) asserts, “The ultimate goal of OB is to improve the performance of people, groups, and organizations and to improve the quality of work life overall.” Organizational Behavior in Law Enforcement Around the globe law enforcement agencies strive for common goals of maintaining peace an order within their communities. Nationally, law enforcement agencies operate in a similar fashion; however, each organization differs on organizational culture. Law enforcement in general has a certain culture, unlike what is seen, in private industries. For the men and women who choose law enforcement as a career they do so because they enjoy working in a team environment, want to be a part of an organization, enjoy challenges, and want to make a difference in their communities. Important Elements in Organizational Behavior When looking at organizational behavior and the internal culture of a law enforcement agency, employee motivation comes to mind. A career in law enforcement is a personal choice and done with an internal desire or drive to provide for others. This internal drive leads to the organizational behavior of motivation. Motivation is often seen as...
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...AJS/514 November 9, 2015 James L. Smith Crime Reduction and Prevention Proposal Chicago is a major city with a huge amount of crime and this paper will address crime reduction and prevention in this particular city. It will also address other issues such as; assisting victims, preventing crime, and achieving effective justice. This paper will address the effect that criminological theories and research have had on contemporary and historical crime control policies in Chicago. It will include theoretical rationale for the recommendations that are suggested. Chicago needs more help in these areas because of the amount of crime they are seeing. Victim assistance programs are well organized and widely available to the public of Chicago. The number of programs varies from domestic violence to identity theft. There are specific programs for every individual affected by crime. The Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan has created and made the priority of victim assistance a key service to not only victims but to responder’s as well. In assuring that the right training is given to each field in order to assist victims appropriately. Programs and Trainings available to the people of Illinois According to the Attorney General • The Illinois Crime Victim Compensation Program (Direct financial assistance to innocent victims of violent crimes) • The Domestic Violence Fund (legal assistance funding, legal services to victims of domestic violence) • The Violent Crime Victim...
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...maintain control over their partners”. (Hindmarsh, 2000, p.1) This paper will focus on the long-standing history, the physical and emotional effects, law enforcement involvement, prevention and legal remedies regarding domestic violence. Domestic violence can involve more than just a physical act. This type of violence can be physical, emotional, verbal and/or sexual in nature. Domestic violence has taken major strides in the past few years including, but not limited to, advocates, shelters, harsher punishments, support groups, and public awareness involving law enforcement and the community. By raising awareness on this issue, law enforcement agencies can no longer “sweep the issue under the rug”. After being dispatched to a domestic violence situation, officers are responsible for calming the situation down, separating the parties, getting medical help, if necessary, arresting the abuser and getting the victim to a safe haven. I believe officers should encourage the victim to press charges against the abuser. If more victims would adopt this behavior, this could decrease domestic violence, especially if abusers are receiving harsher punishments for their acts. Domestic violence involves many different social psychology concepts. I have narrowed down those concepts to discrimination, social learning theory, and resource theory. Discrimination. Domestic violence does not discriminate against anyone. Any human being can become a victim to this type of violence; regardless...
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...‘The Law of Contract confines itself to the enforcement of voluntarily created civil obligations’-illustrate and explain. Rifatul Ahsan Yasdany ID: 102 0273 030 Law 200 Section-09 Date: 22-02-2013 Declaration i. The topic referred to in this assignment has not been submitted for another degree or qualification of this or any other University or other Educational Institution. And ii. The ownership of any Intellectual property rights, which may be described in this paper, is vested in the North South University, subject to any prior agreement to the contrary, and may not be made available for use by third parties without the written permissions of the University, which will prescribe the terms and conditions of any such agreement. Title: ‘The Law of Contract confines itself to the enforcement of voluntarily created civil obligations’-illustrate and explain. ABSTRACT This essay attempts to focus on the scope of the law of contract in relation to its enforcement capability of voluntarily created civil obligation. In an attempt to do so, the basic elements of the law of contract were discussed. Then attention was directed to civil obligation. Various interpretation of the civil law or obligation revealed its voluntary nature. Then in an attempt to create a link between the law of contract and civil obligation, both the concepts were related and it was found out that contract law did indeed enforce voluntary civil obligations. Finally, this view was countered...
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...merkezli olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle de bu ülkelerdeki polislik anlayışı ve polisiye uygulamalar da farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ngiltere, ABD ve Türkiye’deki polis eğitim sistemlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edecek, güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini inceleyerek benzer ve farklı yanlarını ortaya koyacaktır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, söz konusu ülkelerdeki en iyi uygulamalar ışığında daha iyi bir polis eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda öneriler getirecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Polis Eğitimi, Teorik Eğitim, Uygulamalı Eğitim, Müfredat. Abstract here are different practices in police training in different parts of the world in terms of their content and length. Police training in the United Kingdom and the United States are relatively short and practice-oriented compared to the long and theory-oriented training tradition in Turkey. Therefore, policing philosophy and police practices in these countries differ from one another. This study will examine police training systems in Dr., Police Major, Turkish National Police Academy, (cdogutas@kent.edu). Dr., Police Captain, Turkish National Police Academy, (odolu@kent.edu). *** Dr., Police Major, Turkish National Police Academy, (sgul@kent.edu). PBD, 9 (1-4) 2007, ss.1-20 ** * P T 2...
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...crimes. There are various acts of violence that take place in America but police are practicing safety precautions to keep our streets safe. In this paper, will be addressing the various types of police agencies at local, state, and federal levels. It will also address the roles and functions of police operations and their role as it applies to the law. Finally, I will identify the major organizational theories associated with policing. There are just under 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. This includes 12,656 local police, 3,061 sheriff’s departments, 49 state police agencies, 1,376 special police agencies, and 45 federal agencies. At the local level, they have municipal police, county police, and county sheriffs. Also there are the constables, coroners, special district police, and the tribal police. Local Police Agencies Municipal police: Municipal or city police are the most important component of American law enforcement. In 2000 they represented 71% of law enforcement agencies and employed 62% of all sworn officers. Municipal police play a more complex role than any other type of law enforcement agency. The external environment heavily influences all agencies. Cities, and big cities in particular, represent the most complex environments, particularly in terms of the diversity of the population. City police departments have the heaviest responsibility for dealing with serious crime, that is disproportionately concentrated in cities. They...
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...been advanced by their advocates as powerful organizing themes for an emergent style of public safety. How these themes have influenced American policing is yet uncertain. The range and complexity of programs associated with police practices have often precluded systematic scientific investigation. Moreover, community and problem-oriented policing are themselves “moving targets” changing and modifying them in what is an often turbulent environment for law enforcement. This paper will discuss the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American Policing. Also included in this paper will be a brief discussion of the relationship between the United States government and the police organizations in the United States. I will also discuss how this relationship may affect police practices as well. To begin, the English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government's social and economic policies and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 (Gale, 2004, pg.181). Sir Robert Peel was in the tradition of 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, fiscal, and economic policies by making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems. He established a reputation as a firm and compassion...
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...Police officers killed over 346 people in 2016 alone, and less than one-third of those people were suspected to have a weapon or be accused with an alleged crime. Police use what is called abuse of power, which is an action where an officer will use violence or intimidation to charge others with a crime. Law enforcement states that this technique is used to restore order in police, however, violence with police to just “restore order” is causing many issues with racial discrimination, violence, and fear for safety. There is an abundant amount of issues with abuse of power, many examples that have been seen, and a few hopeful people trying to end the violence. First, there is a big problem with the American law enforcement, which is abuse of...
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