...Sinclair M. (2007) Editorial: A guide to understanding theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Evidence Based Midwifery 5(2): 39 A guide to understanding theoretical and conceptual frameworks Mentioning ‘theoretical framework’ or ‘conceptual framework’ to midwives is likely to be met with either silence, a shrug of the shoulders or an arched eyebrow that says ‘I know what you are talking about, but please don’t ask me too much about it’. These reactions are understandable, but I hope that this brief editorial will help novice researchers, educationalists and clinical midwives to grasp the essence of theoretical frameworks and their potential contribution to midwifery practice. A theoretical framework can be thought of as a map or travel plan. When planning a journey in unfamiliar country, people seek as much knowledge as possible about the best way to travel, using previous experience and the accounts of others who have been on similar trips. ‘Survival advice’ and ‘top tips’ enable them to ascertain the abilities, expectations and equipment that may help them to have a successful journey with good outcomes, to achieve their objectives and return to base safely. At the start of any research study, it is important to consider relevant theory underpinning the knowledge base of the phenomenon to be researched. By addressing simple questions, the researcher can begin to develop a loosely-structured theoretical framework to guide them. The following questions have...
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...paper March 21, 2014 March 21, 2014 Professor Darius Daniel Villanueva It is very significant and important for us to gauge or determine how much, us, students have learned after a psychology class. It enables us to gain knowledge that can be applied in the future, giving us more opportunities in succeeding our goals. This learning had an impact in my life, making me more of a responsible one. Comparing my knowledge before and after, my knowledge before is that I have very limited information in my mind like I don't have enough information in order to cope up with the waves of lessons our instructor about to tackle. It's like guessing in an "On-the-spot exam", not having any specific questions in mind to guide our learning though our instructor is preparing learning opportunities. While my knowledge after class, as Instructor guided the process with feedback and mini-lectures we continue applying our knowledge skills after clarification and feedback. We are able to understand and gain ideas in class and on later events these gained ideas will be our piece of information in guiding actions. I also learned a variety of writing elements such as written reports, reflection papers, news sharing and principles to guide my future writing. I learned how to better edit, read, and compose documents. All exercises were useful and helped highlight key writing concepts. This class teaches me a skill and puts it into practice. It is very useful for us students transitioning...
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...Motivation and Empowerment Paper CJA/474 Motivation and Empowerment Paper Introduction The criminal justice field is one that centers on motivation and empowerment amongst employees. These are concepts that not only guide, but also maintain constructive behaviors. Motivation and empowerment are that force every professional needs to preserve their goals and ambitions. This paper will provide three academic theories of motivation including an explanation on each theory. It will also define empowerment and its components. Next, it will compare and contrast motivation and empowerment. In this paper there will also be an evaluation on the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization. Lastly this paper will outline the theory of Transformational Leadership and contrast the roles of motivation and empowerment in leadership style. Define and state at least three (3) academic theories of motivation In any organization the key role of managers is the motivation of their personnel. This can be done in many different ways. This section will discuss three academic theories on how to properly motivate employees. The first theory is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory states that certain needs have to be met before an individual will work towards fulfilling other needs. The first set of needs that need to be met our survival needs; they include things such as food water and air. Until these needs are met an individual cannot focus...
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...A nursing theory is a structured framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the nursing practice. Nursing theories are important in nursing practice as they allow the nurses to use their critical thinking and analytical skills to improve concept comprehension. The use of nursing theories in the practice can bring new knowledge and can influence the future nursing practice. Nursing theories developed to describe the nursing care, guide the nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The foundation of the nursing theory was placed by Florence Nightingale. The first nursing theory established in the late 1800s when there was a strong emphasis on the nursing education took place. There are several nursing...
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...MGMT311: Management of Change Reflective Learning Journal ENTRY 1 |Name of Organisation (case study)|Apple Inc. | |Describe the industry and |Apple Inc is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics, | |organization in which this change|computer software, and personal computers. The company’s best-known hardware products include Macintosh | |has occurred / is occurring |computer, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. (Waters 2014) | |Specific details of change |Apple Computers was originally a highly successful manufacturer of innovative desktop computers during the| | |1980s. However, during 1990s, Apple lost their market share because of the dominance of Microsoft’s | | |Windows operating system. Therefore, in 2000s, Apple made a move into new markets. First, Apple moved into| | |MP3 players with its iPods, then moved into music retailing with the opening of iTunes store, continue to | | |the launching of iPhone in 2007 and iPad tablet in 2010. (Myers, Hulks and Wiggins 2012, p.181). Besides, | | |Apple has also gone through both management changes and structural changes due to...
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...literacy are more likely to miss preventive measures, which will most likely require rehospitalization. It is imperative for nurses to avoid jargons and use simple language to get the message across. While Henderson’s theory supports nursing as a profession in assisting patients who are well or sick and ensuring 14 basic needs, Orem’s theory is more contemporary where a nurse engages patient in plan of care and guides the patient to be self-dependent in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Orem’s theory supports that client has the primary responsibility of personal health, with the nurse acting as a guide. Furthermore as long as self-care abilities equal or exceed self-care demands, such patients have no need for nursing ( Hohdorf,2010). However, if self –care deficit is recognized ,nurses should individualize care based on patient situation and must clearly communicate in order to improve and coordinate patient care. In order to improve and coordinate patient care, decisions made by nurses must be individualized to the patient situation, information collected by nurses must be clearly communicated to other health care providers and nurses must actively intervene and suppor Hohdorf, M. (2010). Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in Ingolstadt -- an approach to practice development in nursing care. Self-Care, Dependent-Care & Nursing, 18(1), 19-25. is approximated that there are 90 million people in the United States who cannot read...
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...organization's design elements • Change demands a new organizing paradigm (gamma change) • Change is driven by senior executives and line management (envisioning, energizing, and enabling) • Change involves significant learning - Must learn how to enact the new behaviors Intergrated Strategic Change - Extends traditional OD process into content oriented discipline of strategic management • Key Features: - Strategic Orientation - Stratic change capability - Individual and organizations are integrated into the process • Applications Stages (Strategic analysis, strategic choice, and design and implement the strategic change plan) Organization Design - Configures the organizations structure, work design, HR practice, and management to guide members' behavior • Conceptual Framework ( Strategy, Structure, Work Design, HR Practices, and Management / Information Systems) • Application Stages (Clarify design focus, designing the organization, and implementing the design Culture Change • Concept of Organization Culture (artifacts, norms, values, basic assumptions) • Organization culture and organization effectiveness - Culture affects performance through its influence on the organization's ability to implement change • Diagnosing Organization Culture - Requires uncovering and understanding what characterize an organizations culture • The Behavioral Approach - Emphasizes surface level of organization cultures (Pattern of behaviors that...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...Learning Theories Learning Organizations & Effectiveness (OMM 625) Tyron Woodard February 27, 2012 Learning Theories The two articles I selected speaks about learning in a classroom setting (group discussions) and learning as an individual and collective learning in organizations. The first article speaks about knowledge being uncertain, and that the learning process of knowledge is also the construction process of knowledge. This article describes students as the main body of learning activity and they construct knowledge on their own initiatives, while teachers are the helpers and the drivers for students constructing knowledge. This type of theory is the constructivism learning theory which is the further development as behaviorism arrives at cognitivism. In behaviorism learning could be considered to have occurred if there is an objectively verifiable change. The article speaks about how students enter the classroom with previous learning experiences, and they use those experiences in their daily life. Even though the students enter the classroom with their previous experiences, they seem to form and assume based on their previous experiences. However, the article speaks on how teachers should be the designer of teaching environment, the guider for the students learning and the academic consultant for students. Therefore this new teaching mode takes students as the center, under the guidance of teachers. Therefore, teaching should take students previous...
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...How Theory Affects Education: A Microscope Perspective Elizabeth Wiedman Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis of Advanced Nursing Practice Summer Semester 2011 How Theory Affects Education: A Microscope Perspective Nursing is a topic that covers a great deal of ground. It takes years to gain experience in nursing. The study of nursing theories helps one to take advantage of the experiences of others. The best way to examine something is under a microscope because it focuses one closely on the topic at hand. It can also show smaller parts of the whole. The microscope perspective is used to describe how theory functions in the nursing profession and in nursing education. It will also explain how nursing theory describes the nursing profession using this perspective. This perspective is important because it can help one to take a closer look at smaller parts of nursing. Examples are provided of how the Self- Care Deficit Theory views education from this perspective. The Self-Care Deficit Theory was chosen because it good framework for nursing school curriculum and helps to guide the author’s present nursing practice. Theory as a Microscope of Nursing Nursing theories contain concepts that take a closer look at the features of nursing related to nurses and clients. The relationships between and among the concepts form the structure of the theory. Theories are formed after concepts are named and validation occurs. Theory takes a closer look at the...
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...Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists. Importance of Theory A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your particular study. The theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of theories and concepts that are relevant to the topic of your research paper and that relate to the broader areas of knowledge being considered. The theoretical framework is most often not something readily found within the literature. You must review course readings and pertinent research studies for theories and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating. The selection of a theory should depend on its appropriateness, ease of application, and explanatory power. The theoretical framework strengthens the study in the following ways: 1. An explicit statement of theoretical assumptions permits the reader to evaluate them critically. 2. The theoretical framework connects the researcher to existing knowledge. Guided by a relevant theory, you are given a basis for your hypotheses...
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...Learning Theories Learning Organizations & Effectiveness (OMM 625) Tyron Woodard February 27, 2012 Teamwork and collaboration between all health professionals results in high quality clinical care, and increased job satisfaction for staff (Begley, 2009). When team members do not agree on the same goal, conflicts will arise. It is important for healthcare managers to control and management all conflicts within the organization. The key to successful conflict management is for both sides to try and solve the problem instead of trying to prove the other side wrong. In the case study presented, Nurse B voices concerns about working with fellow staff members of the surgical team. The atmosphere and moral for the team is steadily declining. In addition the job satisfaction and passion to go to work has also been impacted. In order for a team to be effective and provide quality care, the atmosphere of the team needs to be welcomed and appreciated. Better outcomes will be achieved when team members perceive supportive team atmosphere and an empowering team contact with clear and jointly developed goals The two articles I selected speaks about learning in a classroom setting (group discussions) and learning as an individual and collective learning in organizations. The first article speaks about knowledge being uncertain, and that the learning process of knowledge is also the construction process of knowledge. This article describes students as the main...
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...Current and Future Nursing Models That Guides My Nursing Practice Leila Pinter Concordia University Nursing Theory MSN 834 Dr. Tracy Shannon February 15, 2015 Current and Future Nursing Models That Guides My Nursing Practice Nursing theories are what we base our practice on. It is not only the basis for our practice but also patient care, nursing research, education, and personal and professional development. It allows us to understand and analyze our practice, draw inspiration from them, and guide us with those tools to improve patient outcomes. I align myself most closely with Patricia Benner’s Model From Novice to Expert. The concept of Benner’s theory states that you acquire knowledge and skills over time with practice and experience. Current Model Current Practice I recently left my position as an emergency room nurse and now practice as a case manager for a health insurance company. My roles as a nurse have changed over the years, and prior to leaving the emergency department I was a charge nurse and the trauma coordinator. It was my job in both of those positions to be a leader, mentor and resource person. I was usually the most experienced person in the department, therefore the person to assist when questions would come up or critical situations would arise. As the trauma coordinator, it was my job to know the ins and outs of the program and ensure we are following the recommended guidelines, and prepare for our certifications. I worked closely...
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...permission. The underlying theory of project management is obsolete1 Lauri Koskela, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Gregory Howell, Lean Construction Institute Abstract In prior literature, it has been generally seen that there is no explicit theory of project management. We contend that it is possible to precisely point out the underlying theoretical foundation of project management as espoused in the PMBOK Guide by PMI and mostly applied in practice. This foundation can be divided into a theory of project and a theory of management. We link theories to the body of knowledge by comparing prescriptions derived from theory to prescriptions presented in the PMBOK. Secondly, we show, by a comparison to competing theories and by an analysis of anomalies (deviations from assumptions or outcomes as implied in the body of knowledge) observed in project management practice, that this foundation is obsolete and has to be substituted by a wider and more powerful theoretical foundation. Introduction In a recent report on the future of project management and its professionals (Project Management Institute 1999), several global trends, such as technological advancements and the accelerated global change, were identified, in relation to which project management can take a leading role in facilitating and enabling the changes involved. The report also contains, in an appendix, a concise study on the development of bodies of knowledge in the professions (Fugate &...
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...International Journal of Project Management 19 (2001) 79±87 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijproman Managing incomplete knowledge: Why risk management is not sucient Steven Pender * SMS Consulting Group, 4/60 Marcus Clarke St, Canberra, ACT, Australia Received 1 December 1998; received in revised form 8 July 1999; accepted 14 July 1999 Abstract The Project Management Institute's Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) underpins many initiatives to improve project management practice. It is widely used for training and underpins the development of competency standards. Because of its fundamental importance, the PMBOK should be critically reviewed. This paper agues for an expansion of the PMBOK Guide's risk management knowledge area to include a wider perspective of incomplete knowledge. The PMBOK Guide deals with uncertainty through the traditional use of probability theory, however the underpinning assumptions of probability theory do not always apply in practice. Furthermore, probability-based risk management theory does not explain important aspects of observed project management practice. This paper discusses an expanded framework of incomplete knowledge, including: an expanded concept of uncertainty that acknowledges ignorance or surprise, where there is no prior knowledge of future states; imprecision arising from ambiguity (fuzziness) in project parameters and future states; and, human limitations in information processing. The paper shows the expanded framework...
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