...the terms discipline and obedience both from a general and Montessori perspective and describe how they are fostered through the favourable environment. I will also describe in detail the three levels of obedience and how discipline, the development of the will and obedience are interlinked. Discipline is a word that conjures up ideas of control and denial of freedom. Something that can be imposed externally on a person in order to gain their obedience. But Dr Montessori believed discipline to be an internal process, something which grows within the individual. She states that “..Inner discipline is something to come and not something already present. Our task is to show the way to discipline” (Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, 1988, p 240). In the Montessori environment therefore, discipline is not something which is inflicted on the child, nor is the child controlled through rewards and punishments. It is something which is self-taught. The focus is on fostering the child's inner self-control so they are able to behave in a way that is right for them and their community. Montessori discovered that it was through liberty, which was such an integral part of her classrooms, that the children were the means to reveal their inner or self-discipline. Respect for authority was deepened not diminished by this independence. One of the things that interested her most was that order and discipline seemed to be so closely intertwined that they resulted in freedom. “Discipline is therefore...
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...In this essay I intend to write about the relationship between discipline and obedience from the Montessori perspective and how both these virtues are related in the development of the will. The word discipline traditionally means the enforcement of rules and orders through force and punishment. “It is the practice of training people to obey rules and punishing them if they do not” (Wehmeier, 2005). It gives one the impression that discipline has to be enforced upon a person. Though it is a common saying ,”spare the rod and spoil the child “, does this really work? . Must children be caned and made to be silent and afraid of their teacher who moves at his/her pace expecting every child to work at the same level?. Is being afraid a sign of true discipline?. Montessori approached discipline from a different perspective. She saw each child as an individual and emphasized that we should ‘follow the child’. According to her, true discipline comes from within a child and cannot be imposed from the outside. It develops naturally and reveals itself after maturing in the right environment. This discipline is not limited to the nursery or the presence of the teacher, but extends out into the society and is present even if the teacher is not around. ”The discipline we are looking for is active. We do not believe that one is disciplined only when he is artificially made as silent as a mute and as motionless as a paralytic. Such one is not disciplined but annihilated. We claim that an individual...
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...Discipline is the process of training oneself in obedience, self control, skill, etc. The controlled, ordered behavior results from such training. Discipline is the basis of the whole universe. The solar system is governed by certain laws to maintain perfect harmony and beauty. Without this order, there would be utter chaos. Discipline is a basic requirement of a civilized society. Citizens of a disciplined nation work with a spirit of cooperation and unity. Aristotle has rightly said, "Discipline is obedience to rules formed by the society for the good of all. Discipline should be inculcated from a very young age. Talent and genius alone are not enough to achieve success. Discipline has an equally important role to play. Talents blossom in a disciplined person. Liberty is highly cherished and mush valued privilege in our society. But absolute liberty is not possible. Discipline involves a restraint on liberty, which is necessary for the interest of society. Discipline has been found necessary for both individual and social welfare. Discipline and restraint were deemed essential in prehistoric time also and as society has become more and more complex, the urgency and importance of discipline has been felt all the more. Discipline is not only desirable but indispensable. Wherever discipline and regulation of human conduct are absent, moral and material deterioration has set in. Absence of discipline means decay. To prevent decay, discipline has to be imposed in the common interest...
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...Academic Freedom Academic freedom is defined as the right of teachers and students to express their ideas in the classroom or in writing, free from political, religious, or institutional restrictions, even if these ideas are unpopular (Academic Freedom, N.D.). Teachers and students have rights of academic freedom in various areas that will be outlined in this section: * Appointments and dismissals – Teachers should only be hired based on their ability to perform the tasks related to the job and their knowledge in their particular field of employment. They should not be hired, nor fired based on their sex, race, religion, political affiliation, nationality, or anything not related to their ability to do their job. Teachers may not be fired for holding or expressing an opinion neither, but only for lack of competence and poor performance. * Loyalty Oaths – Teachers have the option to commit to oaths based on whether or not it contradicts the loyalty to their homeland country or religious beliefs. * Curriculum – The teacher has the right to prompt thinking within a lesson, but not to a point that it implies something unorthodox is an acceptable way of living. * Selection of texts & Supplementary Information – Teachers may provide extra resources for students to use as research in order to expand and provide other points of views so that they are not limited to one point of view. * Freedom to teach controversial Issues – Teachers have the freedom to teach...
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...Alcabasa, Aimeleen A. BSE MT 3-2 Finals Exam Answer each question and quote two proponents consistent with your idea and one proponent inconsistent with your belief. 1. Essential Questions I. Perennialism a. What can we know? They believe that one should teach the things that one deems to be of everlasting pertinence to all people everywhere. They believe that the most important topics develop a person. Since details of fact change constantly, these cannot be the most important. Therefore, one should teach principles, not facts. Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques. Since people are people first, and workers second if at all, one should teach liberal topics first, not vocational topics. b. What is good life? Secular perennialists espouse the idea that education should focus on the historical development of a continually developing common western base of human knowledge and art, the timeless value of classic thought on central human issues by landmark thinkers, and revolutionary ideas critical to historical western paradigm shifts or changes in world view. A program of studies which is highly general, nonspecialized, and nonvocational is advocated. c. What is the nature of the learner? The word perennial in secular perennialism suggests something that lasts an indefinitely long time, recurs again and again, or is self-renewing. As promoted primarily by Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adlr, a universal...
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...representations or self-schemas, which direct the processing of self-relevant information. Understanding your self-concept It is the understanding and knowledge you have of your own existence. It is how you see yourself in relation to others and to your surroundings. To have a positive or healthy self-concept you must: Know yourself Love yourself Be True to yourself In order to meet the challenges of today's complicated world, we must build a solid foundation of self-knowledge, self-love and self-confidence. Constituents of a healthy self-concept The ability to know yourself; to be able to assess your strengths, weaknesses, talents and potential. The ability to love and accept yourself as you are, knowing that you can improve and develop any aspects of yourself that you choose. The ability to be...
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...Ana Esquierdo “9 RULES OF FREEDOM OF THE AIR” The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country's airlines the privilege to enter and land in another country's airspace, formulated as a result of disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalisation in the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, known as the Chicago Convention. The United States had called for a standardized set of separate air rights to be negotiated between states, but most other countries were concerned that the size of the U.S. airlines would dominate air travel if there were not strict rules. The freedoms of the air are the fundamental building blocks of the international commercial aviation route network. The use of the terms "freedom" and "right" confer entitlement to operate international air services only within the scope of the multilateral and bilateral treaties (air services agreements) that allow them. The first two freedoms concern the passage of commercial aircraft through foreign airspace and airports, the other freedoms are about carrying people, mail and cargo internationally. The first through fifth freedoms are officially enumerated by international treaties, especially the Chicago Convention. Several other freedoms have been added, and although most are not officially recognised under broadly applicable international treaties they have been agreed to by a number of countries. The lower-numbered freedoms are relatively universal while...
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...Discipline means obedience to a superior authority. Accepting the norms of the family, society, the commands of elders and obeying them is also discipline. Discipline means accepting punishments for violation. Discipline also means training of mind and character, developing self-control and the habit of obedience. In the entire universe, there is an order and discipline. The stars, the planets, the earth on which we live, the moon and the sun we see, move according to a system of discipline. We can see that plants, insects, birds and animals too observe discipline in their lives, only man who has a thinking mind finds it difficult to observe discipline. Discipline could be divided into two broad categories, external and internal. External discipline is that which is imposed by outside authority. It is often linked with authority and force. Discipline in the army is one such. Soldiers do not have a say in it except implicit obedience. As Tennyson says “Theirs not to make reply. Theirs not to reason why, theirs nut to do and die”. A soldier in a war field cannot ask for reasons. He has to obey commands; otherwise, the war is lost. Our ancient educational system believed in enforcing discipline by force. They used to say, if you spare the rod you will spoil the child. But that view is not correct. It will produce only negative results. That is why discipline has taken a new shape in schools and colleges now. It is call self-discipline. It is discipline by acceptance, not by imposition...
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...Michel Foucault, the French postmodernist, has been hugely influential in shaping understandings of power, leading away from the analysis of actors who use power as an instrument of coercion, and even away from the discreet structures in which those actors operate, toward the idea that ‘power is everywhere’, diffused and embodied in discourse, knowledge and ‘regimes of truth’ (Foucault 1991; Rabinow 1991). Power for Foucault is what makes us what we are, operating on a quite different level from other theories: ‘His work marks a radical departure from previous modes of conceiving power and cannot be easily integrated with previous ideas, as power is diffuse rather than concentrated, embodied and enacted rather than possessed, discursive rather than purely coercive, and constitutes agents rather than being deployed by them’ (Gaventa 2003: 1) Foucault challenges the idea that power is wielded by people or groups by way of ‘episodic’ or ‘sovereign’ acts of domination or coercion, seeing it instead as dispersed and pervasive. ‘Power is everywhere’ and ‘comes from everywhere’ so in this sense is neither an agency nor a structure (Foucault 1998: 63). Instead it is a kind of ‘metapower’ or ‘regime of truth’ that pervades society, and which is in constant flux and negotiation. Foucault uses the term ‘power/knowledge’ to signify that power is constituted through accepted forms of knowledge, scientific understanding and ‘truth’: ‘Truth is a thing of this world: it is produced only by...
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...Gateway (Second Draft) Most of all of Supreme Court case from the time of Tinker V. Des Monies case have restricted the student rights of expression, student must be free to express themselves without unfair limits and the Tinker vs. Des Moines cases affirmed the rights of students to express themselves and the 1st Amendment prohibits laws that limit free expression. The case of Tinker v. Des Monies was rather a simple one. The case of whether the first amendment applied to students or just adults. The students argued that they should be allowed to wear armbands to display their praise for the people of the dead during the war. The staff thought this shouldn’t be allowed, mostly because of their influence of their actions might disrupt the learning environment of the class and (possibly) the school. This is understandable. They only wanted was best for the students. Although they are doing this for the best for the students, isn’t this a little restricting? Yeah sure, they don’t want the students to form a riot, but not allowing them to express their feelings from the war by not letting them wear arm bands, worse case not allowing them to return until they didn’t wear it? That’s the reason why the case was started in the first place. This could be avoided if they were allowed to wear the armbands in school…to a certain extent that is. Besides, this could be the exact reason why a riot might form, the restrictions is causing a stressful strain to the students and couldn’t...
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...Discipline means obedience to a superior authority. Accepting the norms of the family, society, the commands of elders and obeying them is also discipline. Discipline means accepting punishments for violation. Discipline also means training of mind and character, developing self-control and the habit of obedience. In the entire universe, there is an order and discipline. The stars, the planets, the earth on which we live, the moon and the sun we see, move according to a system of discipline. We can see that plants, insects, birds and animals too observe discipline in their lives, only man who has a thinking mind finds it difficult to observe discipline. Discipline could be divided into two broad categories, external and internal. External discipline is that which is imposed by outside authority. It is often linked with authority and force. Discipline in the army is one such. Soldiers do not have a say in it except implicit obedience. As Tennyson says “Theirs not to make reply. Theirs not to reason why, theirs nut to do and die”. A soldier in a war field cannot ask for reasons. He has to obey commands; otherwise, the war is lost. Our ancient educational system believed in enforcing discipline by force. They used to say, if you spare the rod you will spoil the child. But that view is not correct. It will produce only negative results. That is why discipline has taken a new shape in schools and colleges now. It is call self-discipline. It is discipline by acceptance, not...
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...Authoritarian Parenting Style Authoritarian parenting can cause children to develop a negative lifestyle. When your children are starting to grow older you need to give them more freedom. Expecting your children to do what you always want won’t happen because as they grow up they start to understand what they want to do in life more. Strict discipline that is continuous when the children grows up will make them rebel because they can now make their own choices and decisions without much help. Parent don't know that they are hurting their children and causing problems like depression and stress in an early age. Strict parenting often leads to emotional health problems that causes stress and depression. When kids start to becoming a teenager around age 12 or 13 they can begin to develop depression. In 2013, 7.7% of children age 13 experienced depression. The highest is 13.8% of children age 15. Depression often caused children to be stressed.32% of children are stressing about family problems. 25% of children often take it upon themselves by hurting others or hurting their self when they are upset. Strict discipline effects basic life skills and their attitudes. Low self esteem of authoritarian parents can make their children feel like they didn't do anything right at all and not feel valued. Overprotective parents sometimes can make children feel like they are lacking some skills, and can't do something. Children sometimes develop a lack of trust in people and find it...
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...Importance of professionalism in the Military Professionalism is the key to any job, but perhaps more so when it comes to the military. The nature of war itself, one of the most chaotic and instable forces in the world today, requires that those soldiers who do the fighting, do so with a certain level of discipline, commitment, and skill. Such things are the essence of military professionalism. In any workplace a certain pride in ones work and repect is needed to make everything run smoothly in the professional world. Without a certain level of discipline and professionalism in our daily lives we risk the chance of coming off as an organization to be laughed at or mocked. In the army we strive to be the most organized, most disciplined, squared away soldiers and human beings on the face of this earth and have done so for decades. From the way we speak and treat each other, the way we carry out our daily rituals right down to the way we dress in accordance with AR 670-1: This regulation prescribes the authorization for wear, composition, and classification of uniforms, and the occasions for wearing all personal, optional, and commonly worn organizational Army uniforms. It also prescribes the awards, insignia, and accouterments authorized for wear on the uniform, and how these items are worn. Military professionalism also depends highly on commitment. We must be committed to the country, the service, our unit, and ultimately each other and the mission we are given to...
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...05/30/2014 Cathy Capron Discipline Model Matrix Wong’s “Effective Classroom”: This is belief that achievements from students are based on how classroom rules are practiced. Strengths: * Students are comfortable enough where they know their environment because the rules are specific and clear about expectations. * When students follow procedures, they become comfortable with their environment so they know what to do because procedures are divided into time frames. Advantages: * Allows teacher to focus more on the lesson then having to frequently discipline students * Only two to three weeks are spent practicing the rules so students can cultivate discipline, liability, and orderliness. Weaknesses: * Students know what to do at all times so this leaves very little freedom * Involves a lot of time and training students and focuses more on the behavior of the teacher rather than the needs of the students. Disadvantages: * Takes time away from teaching * Rules are very strict and doesn’t focus on students’ needs or unpredictable events * Teachers spend a lot of time preparing the rules so they can be up to standard and they don’t really adjust the procedures to the student’s behaviors. Agree/Disagree? I agree to some extent with Wong’s “Effective Classroom” because, although the first few weeks it may take up time from teaching the students, it will eventually pay off. It may sound mean to leave little freedom for students but in elementary...
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...There are various theories explaining the development of discipline and obedience in early childhood. Montessori perspective establishes a link between these two concepts and how their maturation is dependent on the maturation of the will of the child. This essay will attempt to explain the relationship between discipline and obedience in the developmental stages of a child. Attention will be paid to how the environment helps the child in his development through the stages according to Montessori. According to Oxford dictionary, ‘to discipline is to train to obey rules and code of conduct, using punishment to correct disobedience’. In the traditional sense of discipline much emphasis is placed on the use of external stimuli including rewards and punishment to ensure conformity with a certain required behavior. Discipline is thus exacted with a bait of reward or punishment. Usually discipline is achieved through among others threats, bribes, coercion and fear. In the perspective of Montessori however disciple is described to be active and comes from within the child as a result of his own internal motivation. A child’s discipline emerges as he works in a purposeful manner in a prepared environment (Montessori 2007a). According to Montessori (2007b, p51) ‘ the discipline we are looking for is active. We do not believe that one is disciplined only when he is artificially made as silent as a mute and as motionless as a paralytic. Such a one is not disciplined but annihilate’...
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