...1. Introduction It is highly believed that fashion magazines contain various portrayals of women not only because fashion magazines target women as their biggest readers, but also become the facilitator to teach women how they view themselves in feminine elegant ways just like most women want them to be. Nonetheless, those views are more likely shaped by how the society views a woman. As such, if fashion magazines are indeed in the means of shaping women's view as well as society's view of a woman, then the representation of women in the magazines becomes very important in order to explore how women are portrayed according to those two views. Reading a fashion magazine on the surface simply contains fashion-related articles in thick glossy pages. On deeper surface, on the other hand, those articles actively are where women as well as society see how a woman should be. It is also implied that they become the source of stereotypes of women which many of them are always about marginalising women. Amongst many high fashion magazines, Elle is strongly believed to be one of the most leading high fashion magazines in regards to the fact that this French origin magazine widely spreads its international editions published in over 60 countries which one of those includes Indonesia. Like other Elle editions worldwide and other mainstream high fashion magazines, many ultra expensive bags, clothes, perfumes, and the sorts appear in Elle Indonesia in two forms: articles and advertisements...
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...Beyond the three image functions, the colors and shapes also play crucial roles in creating meanings as hermeneutic images. These two elements that are labeled as ‘cognitivist-oriented’ that predominantly rely upon the contemporary social ideology and cultural influences (Forceville, 90). With reference to Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory, they indicated that the distinctive semantic inputs embody certain interpretations of metaphors in mind based upon memories and experiences to understand the implicit graphic meanings (Forceville, 91-93). Asterios Polyp not merely uses color and shape to construct the physical reality in fictional world, but to create underlying meanings to the story as hermeneutic...
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...Feminist Theory From Margin To Centre,by Hooks (1984) highlights the pivotal role of female’s solidarity and sisterhood, “we must learn to live and work in solidarity. We must learn the true meaning and value of sisterhood” (43). Hooks also introduces new visions concerning this term in contrast to those given by contemporary feminist movement that have enclosed the term with “common oppression.” According to her, the division of black and white is the result of sexism, racism, class, and other negative images about women. Another significant chapter on Morrison’s Paradise is “Jazz and Paradise: Pivotal moments in Black History”, edited by Stave. Shepoints to the use of religious register starting from Morrison’s novel title. According...
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...VA 0500 DESIGN CHANGE AND CONFLICT W11026064 - Samuel Rubin Figure 1. Screenshot of the clip http://www.markallencam.com/AndyEatingaBurger.jpg Figure 1. Screenshot of the clip http://www.markallencam.com/AndyEatingaBurger.jpg The very first subject that intrigues us is a scene from a documentary “66 Scenes of America” to which Andy Warhol is seen eating a hamburger. Why does it captivate our imagination and sparked interest? Maybe because it was layered, to ordinary viewer it might have looked like a simple scene of a man slowly eating a hamburger, but deep down there’s message that the director want to get across that can be analyzed through various theorem taught in the class. The group chose “Post-Modernism”, “Barthes’s semiotics” and “Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulation” theorem to analyze the subject in matter. Perhaps we chose these 3 are because the content of the clip is laden with subdued symbols and signs and the relationship between objects in the clip. The segregation of art, between high and low. A model where cultural, political and social progress defines art. A movement that flourished from post world war development and growth in society. The entire characteristic above signifies Modernism, and Postmodernism is standing opposed of that. Postmodernism rises from time of peace, it does not dictate rules or narratives, instead it focuses on contradiction, reality and disorder. Postmodernism mixes the high and low art from the Modernist period as a...
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...Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Syllabus of Master of Urban Planning [MUP] Programme |FIRST SEMESTER | |NO. |SUBJECT |L. |T. |S. |Units | |MUP1101 |History of Human Settlement & Planning Principles |3 |0 |0 |1.0 | |MUP1103 |Housing & Community Planning |3 |0 |0 |1.0 | |MUP1105 |Planning Theory and Techniques |3 |0 |0 |1.0 | |TRS1017 |GIS with introduction to Remote Sensing |3 |0 |0 |1.0 | | Sessional / Laboratory subjects | |MUP1102 |Planning Studio / Workshop I (With Field study) |0 |0 |12 |1.5 | |MUP 1104 |Urban Design |0 |0 |4 |0.5 | |Non-Credit...
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... gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, etc. that we are all made by God and for God. Pick up the newspaper and we see that our world is out of control. Many theologians have voiced their views on humanity and the need of grace over the years. Today I can see where we may question that humankind has been created in Imago dei, the image of God. “So God created humankind in his image.”[1] John Wesley stated that the image of God can be summed up in three dimensions; the natural image, the political image and the moral image. [2] I question John Wesley’s summation that the image of God can be summed up in the dimensions of natural, political, and moral image. I will explore through other theologians if this assessment is viable. I will also use those same theologians to assess the idea for humanity to need, want and receive grace from God. “The concept of the imago Dei has been widely recognized as central to a Christian understanding of human beings, yet the paucity of biblical references has left the way open for a wide variety of philosophical and theological interpretations of this notion. “[3] Natural image of God according to Wesley’s sermon, The New Birth, is simply stated as “reason,” “will,” and “freedom.” [4] Some say that the most obvious definition of imago Dei refers to the physical existence of humans. God made humans to look like God.[5]...
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...Global Cold War tensions increased as political turmoil turned to violent conflict in developing Third World nations. Responding to all of this, cinema became politicized on a scale not seen since World War II. The Third World was at the forefront of revolutionary cinema as filmmakers in those countries treated cinema as a tool of social change and a weapon of political liberation. This use of film as a social and political force emerged first in Latin America and spread to Africa and China, while also emerging in the First World countries including the U.S.S.R. and United States. The counterculture and the New Left were examples of an international politics of youth that focused on opposition to American involvement in Vietnam, critique of post-World War II capitalist society, and social-protest movements focused on equality of diverse groups. Eventually, radical leftism declined in the mid-1970s, but engaged filmmaking remained central to the micropolitics of the era. A June 1979 alternative-cinema conference in New York assembled over 400 political activists working in film and video in the United States. In some countries, government liberalization led to funding for militant film. The new Labour government in Britain assisted Liberation Film and Cinema Action, while the regional Maisons de la Culture allotted money for local media groups in France. Some parallel distribution and exhibition circuits proved successful in promoting films about nuclear power, day care...
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...methodology and the internal validity of the results. The correlational nature of the study design cannot affirm a final interpretation about the cause-and-effect. For example, it is not possible to establish the order of the objectification theory variables that include appearance surveillance, body shame, body anxiety and eating disorders (Slater & Tiggemann 2010). Similarly, according to Holland & Tiggemann, (2016) correlational findings about the relationship between social media usage, body satisfaction, and disordered eating are almost difficult to draw. Also, high social media exposure could influence thin-internalization,...
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...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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...UNDERSTANDING CORPORATE REBRANDING: AN EVOLUTION THEORY PERSPECTIVE Alexander C. Tevi, M.Sc. Faculty (Marketing Communications) School of Media and Communication Pan-African University 3, Ahmed Onibudo St. Victoria Island Lagos Nigeria 00234 802 300 2328 alextevi@yahoo.com Olutayo Otubanjo, PhD Senior Lecturer (Marketing) Lagos Business School Pan-African University Km 22 Lekki Epe Expressway Ajah, Lagos, Nigeria. 00234 808 608 6816 totubanjo@lbs.edu.ng Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2197664 Abstract Purpose: This paper seeks to create an epistemologically grounded understanding of the causes and process of corporate rebranding via the lens of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Approach: A review of the factors that trigger corporate rebranding, as reported in academic literature, is made. Following the review, a case is made for the absence of an epistemologically grounded understanding of why firms rebrand. Consequently, the theory of evolution by natural selection is brought forward as a platform for the development of a new model that explicates the causes and process of corporate rebranding. Findings: A new model anchored on the theory of evolution by natural selection, and a new definition of corporate rebranding is advanced. Essentially, the model offers epistemologically grounded reasons for ascendancy of corporate rebranding in the environment. Limitations: This is a conceptual paper – meaning that the model suggested in this...
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...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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... View Cart / Checkout Differences in Macro and Micro Level Theories Rate This Paper: 1 2 3 4 5 Submit Length: 317 words (0.9 double-spaced pages) Rating: Red (FREE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - There are many differences between macro and micro-level theories. Micro-level focuses on individuals and their interactions. For example the relationship between adult children and their parents, or the effect of negative attitudes on older people. Some criticize on micro-level theories becuase they focus on what older people do rather than on social conditionsand policies that cuase them to act the way they do. Macro-level focuses more upon social structure, social processes and problems, and their interrelationships. For example the effects of industrialization on older people's status, or how gender and income affect older people's well being. This approach tends to minimize people's ability to act and overcome the limits of social structures. Both micro and macro-leve theories can take one of three perspectives which include: interpretive perspective, normative, and conflict. Normative perspective says rules and status exist in society to provide socail control or social order. Social order is necessary for survival. This perspective focuses upon macro-level. For example structural-functionalism, role theory, modernization theory, and age-stratification. Interpretive...
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...INTRODUCTION By using Feminist Ethics theory, I will examine case of child’s play based on its principles / framework to point out what is the right decision that most benefit the parties. Differ from Deontology which is known as “Duty ethics” of Kant and Virtue ethics of Aristotte, Gilligan’s Caring ethics aim to avoid harm and maintain healthy relationships and also aim at the achievement of harmony, empathy and integration with regard to particular ethical issue. To me, this is most appropriate ethical theory for this particular ‘child’s play’ issue. Now, I shall discuss more on the case from the product manager point of view. ETHICAL DILEMA “Deal or not to deal” While buying souvenirs for my 5 years old and 7 years old nieces, I thought about those hard working children in Thailand. They also have the children’s rights. The right to freedom, right to live happily, right to study..etc. Things even go much bigger as this is not about only one family but the whole village / town has similar case. As a woman, I also want my children to enjoy their childhood and see them grow up with no suffers. If I carry on the deal with Thai Manufacturer, I will save two third on the current cost from the Portuguese supplier but no change in quality. And obviously getting huge bonus at the end of the year. On the other hand, I started asking myself: Do I put these Thai children in the right path that they should be. ARGUMENT First Option: (Deal) If deal is on, everyone will get...
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...ISSN: 2278-3369 International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics Available online at www.managementjournal.info CASE STUDY Crisis communication failures: The BP Case Study Daniel De Wolf1, Mohamed Mejri2* 1University 2Ecole of Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO)/Management & Economics, Dunkerque, France. Superieure de Commerce/Management Department, University of Manuba, Tunis, Tunisia. *Corresponding author: Email: mohamed.mejri@univ-littoral.fr Abstract On the 20th of April 2010, an outstanding explosion of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig situated in the Golf of Mexico caused the largest maritime disaster oil spill in the USA history and particularly caused considerable reputation and financial losses to BP.To deal with the spill oil as well as reputation and financial losses, the company particularly use many tactics and tools to communicate with stakeholders during and after the crisis. However, crisis management and communication experts’ opinions differed on whether BP crisis communication was effective or ineffective.This paper aims to assess BP crisis communication and mainly to point out possible failures through a content analysis of secondary data collected from various sources (newspapers, magazines, annual reports and blogs). Keywords: British Petroleum, Crisis communication, Crisis Management, Deepwater horizon. Introduction On the 20th of April 2010, the petroleum industry has been marked by the largest maritime disaster oil spill...
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