...ENGLISH GRAMMAR ADJECTIVE 1. An Adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun. 2. Adjectives are divided into six different kinds : --- a. Proper Adjectives Proper Adjectives are derived from proper nouns. eg : a. Chinese soldiers fought bravely. b. We are studying the English language. In ( a ) the word " Chinese " is a proper adjective because it is derived from the proper noun " China " In ( b ) the word " English " is a proper adjective because it is derived from the proper noun " England ". Note -- Every proper adjective should begin with a capital letter b. Descriptive Adjectives Descriptive Adjectives qualify a noun by adding some quality or state to it. eg : a. A brave soldier killed the enemy. ( quality ) b. There are some sick soldiers in the hospital ( state ) c. Quantitative Adjectives Quantitative Adjectives indicate how much of a thing is meant. He has much rice. He has little rice. He has no rice. He has some rice. He has not any rice. He has enough rice. He has sufficient rice. He sold all the rice. d. Numeral Adjectives Numeral Adjectives express number. Numeral Adjectives are subdivided into (a) Definite and (b) Indefinite a) Definite Numeral Adjectives denote some exact number. Those which show how many things there are are called Cardinals; Those which show in what order things stand are called Ordinals. Cardinals : one, two three, etc. Ordinals : first, second, third, etc. b) Indefinite Numeral...
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...Adjective From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline | | |citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2010) | |English grammar | |Adjectives | |Adverbs | |Articles | |Clauses | |Compounds | |Conditionals | |Conjunctions | |Determiners | |Gender | |Idiom | |Interjections | |Inversion | |Nouns | |Pronouns | |Phrases | |Plurals | |Possessives | |Prepositions | |Verbs | |Auxiliaries, contractions | |Irregular verbs | |Modal verbs | |Passive voice | |Phrasal verbs | |Subjunctive ...
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...Nouns Nouns - are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. Examples are account, babies, cabbage, dad, ear, car, parents, cat, John and house. 1. The babies are so cute. 2. My ears are too small. Collective Noun - The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole. Examples are class of students, army of soldiers, choir of singers, crew of sailors, band of musicians, group of civilians, horde of zombies, flock of birds, group of mountains and group of mountain ranges. 1. A band of musicians have so many members. 2. The army of soldiers is very brave. Possessive Nouns - Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching’s’ to the end of the noun. Examples are John's school, John's car, Julian’s house, Sophia’s pencil, Faye’s book, Cat’s tuna, Elijah’s book, Joshua’s height, Sun’s ray and Worker’s fee. 1. John owns the school. 2. Sophia owns the pencil. Gender Of Nouns - Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. Masculine - a noun is said to be in the masculine gender if it refers to a male character or member of a species. Examples: actor, baron, boy, bachelor, groom, duke, son, prince, king and doctor. 1. ...
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...1 Copyright Copyright 2009 - Daily Writing Tips http://www.dailywritingtips.com/ All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced, posted or shared in any form, by any means. The content of this ebook was written by Maeve Maddox and Daniel Scocco. 2 Introduction This ebook does not attempt to include every aspect of English grammar found in a traditional school textbook. Its purpose is to present a brief review of grammar terms necessary to an understanding of the most common errors that occur in ordinary, nonacademic writing. Because written language is an arrangement of words, understanding how words work individually and in groups is essential to correct written expression. The sports fan must understand terms like shortstop, quarterback and center in order to follow the description of a game. Similarly, those who wish to speak and write standard English must master the concepts that we will cover ahead. 3 Section 1: The Sentence The basic unit of speech and writing is the sentence. A sentence is a series of words that form a complete thought, for example: Birds fly. Samuel Johnson's father ran a bookstore. My two black cats enjoy lazing in the sun. A complete sentence has two main parts: subject and predicate. 1.1 The Subject When we speak or write, we speak or write about something. The subject is what is being spoken about. For example: Birds fly. (the subject is "birds") 4 Samuel Johnson's...
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...------------------------------------------------- English POSTGRADUATE STUDY- FIRST SEMESTER UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Building and Construction Engineering Department Dr. SAAD FAIK ABBAS AL-WAKEL References: 1. A Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. 2. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy. 3. English Solutions for Engineering and Sciences Research Writing by Adam Turner. 1. The Sentence * A sentence is a group of words that are put together to mean something. A sentence is the basic unit of language which expresses a complete thought. It does this by following the grammatical rules of syntax. A complete sentence has at least a subject and a main verb to state a complete thought. The first word of a written sentence has a capital letter, and at the end of the sentence there is a full stop or full point. The sentence consists of: subject + verb + object or (preposition + noun) 2.1 Sentence Structure * The basic unit of grammar is the clause. All clauses have at least two parts: a noun phrase (subject) and a verb phrase. clause = subject + verb We can join two or more clauses together to make a sentence. Example: (subject) (verb) (verb) (subject) Although the method improved accuracy, it caused a significant increase in computation time. * There are two types of clause: main clause (independent clause) and subordinate clause (dependent...
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...AN-244 Phrasal Syntax seminar Marosán Lajos Parts of Speech Tarr Dániel 1995 Parts of Speech Parts of Speech are words classified according to their functions in sentences, for purposes of traditional grammatical analysis. According to traditional grammars eight parts of speech are usually identified: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, verbs, and interjections. Noun girl, man, dog, orange, truth ... Pronoun I, she, everyone, nothing, who ... Verb be, become, take, look, sing ... Adjective small, happy, young, wooden ... Adverb slowly, very, here, afterwards, nevertheless Preposition at, in, by, on, for, with, from, to ... Conjunction and, but, because, although, while ... Interjection ouch, oh, alas, grrr, psst ... Most of the major language groups spoken today, notably the Indo-European languages and Semitic languages, use almost the identical categories; Chinese, however, has fewer parts of speech than English.[1] The part of speech classification is the center of all traditional...
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...Cambridge Advanced [EH37] Dictionary, 3rd edition and suffixes Learner's prefixes Prefixes and suffixes inter- between or among international 1. Prefixes A prefix is a group of letters at the beginning of a word which changes the word’s meaning. Here is a list of the most common prefixes and (= extremely small) examples of how those prefixes are used. mid- in the middle of mid-July. • a man in his Anglo- relating to the UK or England an Anglophile ante- before or in front of antedate • antenatal anti- 1 opposed to or against anti-racist laws 2 preventing or destroying an anti-aircraft missile auto- 1 operating without being controlled by humans intra- within an intranet kilo- a thousand a kilometre • a kilogram mega- 1 informal extremely megarich (= extremely rich) 2 one million 40 megabytes micro- very small a microchip • microscopic • an interdepartmental meeting (= someone who loves England) autopilot (= a computer that directs an aircraft) 2 self an autobiography (= a book that someone writes about their own life) bi- two bilingual (= speaking two languages) • bimonthly (= happening twice in a month or once every two months) centi-, cent- hundred a centimetre • a century co- with or together a co-author • to coexist contra- against or opposite to contradict (= say the opposite) • contraception (= something that is used to prevent pregnancy) counter- opposing or as a reaction to a counter-attack (= an attack on someone who has attacked you) cross- 1 across...
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...(noun): something which acts or acts upon something else ag + ent The travel agent helped her purchase the tickets. active (adjective): involving movement, moving about act + ive Joan is an active child. agitate (verb): to excite, to disturb, to stir up agit + ate The washing machine agitates the load of laundry. aud, audit, aur audible ( adjective): can be heard aud + ible Your voice is barely audible over the sound of the train whistle. auditorium (noun): a place where one goes to hear something audit+ orium The band played in the school auditorium auricular aur + ic + ul + ar The auricular ability of the cat is well-known. am, ami amorous (adjective): loving amor + ous The actor played an amorous role. amiable (adjective) friendly, agreeable ami + able He seems to be an amiable man. amicable (adjective): friendly amic + able The two neighbors came to an amicable decision about the fence. anim animal (noun): a living creature anim + al A dog is an animal. animate (verb): to give spirit or support, to supply movement anim + ate The artist animated the cartoon. animosity (noun): hostility, ill will animos + ity There isn't any animosity between us. ann, annu, enni annals (noun): record of events, historical records ann + al + s The annals of the organization are kept in notebooks. annual (adjective): yearly annu + al She is planning on going to the company's annual meeting. annuity (noun): money payable yearly annu + ity ...
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...What is an adjective? An adjective is a word that defines, qualifies or modifies the meaning of a noun, or more rarely of a pronoun. It expresses the qualities or attributes of the word it qualifies. There are two main categories of adjectives: a) determining adjectives, and b) descriptive adjectives . ■ Types of Adjective 1. Determining adjectives : Also called limiting adjectives, these are words that are more often referred to as determiners, and are dealt with elsewhere. There is a limited number of these words. They are notably possessive adjectives (such as my, their), numerals and quantifiers (such as one, two, three, every, many), demonstrative adjectives (such as this or that), interrogative adjectives (such as which). To learn about the use of these determining adjectives, please consult the appropriate pages. 2. Descriptive adjectives Descriptive adjectives (such as big, English, wonderful) describe the permanant or perceived qualities of a noun; their number is unlimited. New descriptive adjectives enter the language every day, often in the fertile world of slang. There are two categories of descriptive adjectives; 2.1. qualificative or qualifying adjectives , such as big, nice, complicated which express the passing or perceived qualities of a noun, and 2.2. classifying adjectives (including absolute adjectives) such as married, second, hydraulic, unique, dead which express permanent qualities or absolutes. Qualifiying adjectives are "gradable"...
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...not infallible statements of right/wrong, and they should not be used as grading elements. Also, at present, WritePoint cannot detect quotations or block-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. Early childhood development reflects on the different styles of caregiving. For example, you [Eliminate second person (you, your) in academic documents and avoid addressing the reader directly. Prefer third-person pronouns (he, she, they, it)] have the typical stay at home [these three words are spelled as one hyphenated word] [As an adjective, the previous three words are one hyphenated word] parent, grandparents, nanny, and daycare. Either they can be beneficial for the child with positive and negative results. The stay at home [these three words are spelled as one hyphenated word] [As an adjective, the previous three words are one hyphenated word] parent can be really [Writing suggestion--"real" or "really" means "existing in actuality"--it adds little to the meaning (and using it to mean "big," "very," or "genuine" is...
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...Handbook of Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage Grammar and mechanics are nothing more than the way words are combined into sentences. Usage is the way words are used by a network of people—in this case, the community of businesspeople who use English. You’ll find it easier to get along in this community if you know the accepted standards of grammar, mechanics, and usage. This handbook offers you valuable opportunities in two sections: ● C. modifying elements misplaced (dangling) D. structure not parallel E. nothing wrong ____ 1. Stop here. ____ 2. Your duties are interviewing, hiring, and also to fire employees. ____ 3. After their presentation, I was still undecided. ____ 4. Speaking freely, the stock was considered a bargain. ____ 5. Margaret, pressed for time, turned in unusually sloppy work. ____ 6. Typing and filing, routine office chores. ____ 7. With care, edit the report. ____ 8. When Paul came to work here, he brought some outmoded ideas, now he has accepted our modern methods. ____ 9. To plan is better than improvising. ____ 10. Hoping to improve performance, practice is advisable. The following choices apply to items 11–20. In each blank, write the letter of the choice that identifies the underlined word(s) in each sentence. A. B. C. D. E. subject predicate (verb) object modifier conjunction/preposition ● Diagnostic Test of English Skills. Testing your current knowledge of grammar, mechanics, and usage helps you find out where your strengths and weaknesses lie. This test...
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... 1 Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives High Beginning Level (Community Class) Focus: Speaking and Accuracy Time Limit: 65 minutes March 04, 2008 Background Information This week students are learning how to do shopping. They were taught some shopping vocabulary in the previous lesson and on the current lesson they will practice using these new vocabulary words when comparing two items in a store. The grammar section in the previous lesson was about giving advice, so that is why along with practicing new material, one of the practical exercises in this current lesson will let students review giving advice. Goal: To help students accurately use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. Objectives: Terminal: Students will learn about comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and appropriately use these forms in conversation. Enabling: 1. Students will learn about comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives. 2. Students will practice creating correct comparative and superlative forms of adjectives describing items in a store. 3. Students will practice using comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and shopping vocabulary by talking...
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...Overview: Commas The comma is the most frequently used punctuation mark, but it is also the most often misused. Commas make reading sentences easier because they separate the parts of sentences. Commas with Independent Clauses Use a comma before the coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet when they join two independent clauses. (Remember that an independent clause must have both a subject and a verb.) Independent clauses: The instructor put us in small groups, and she gave us a new assignment. Independent clauses: The essay was difficult to read, but I learned some new vocabulary words. Hint: Do not use a comma when a single subject has two verbs. Single subject: The instructor put us in small groups and gave us a new assignment. The coordinating conjunction (and) joins two verbs, but not two independent clauses. Only if the second verb has its own subject should you add a comma. Independent clauses: The instructor put us in small groups, and she gave us a new assignment. Each verb has its own subject, so and joins two independent clauses. Notice the comma. Commas with Items in a Series Use commas to separate items in a series of items joined by a coordinating conjunction. This means that you should put a comma between all items in a series. Series of nouns: The class required that we read two novels, twenty short stories, and twelve poems. Series of verbs: The students exchanged their essays, read them, and gave each other suggestions...
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...organizers to write down their ideas by listing nouns, verbs and adjectives that are related. What will your cinquain be about? Next, tell students that usually the first line is only one word and almost always a noun (mention that there are exceptions. However, our focus is to write our cinquains according to the format on the graphic organizer that they have in front of them. For the first line, ask the students “What is a noun?” Person, place or thing. Point to the first line of the example poem. Is this a noun? Yes. Write off to the side, noun. Explain to students that the lines of the poem MUST relate to the title. It is okay if the first line of your poem is the title, as long as it’s a noun. c. Explain that the 2nd step is to think of two adjectives that describe the topic of the poem. Remind students that adjectives describe something. Example: beautiful, big, small, fearful, famous, red, stinky, etc. Write adjective, adjective beneath the word noun. d. Next, tell students that the third step is to use three verbs as the 3rd line of the poem. Verb, verb, verb. What is a verb? An action word. Example: jump, run, skip, hop, etc. Point to the example poem. What are the three verbs used in this poem? Do they relate to what the poem is about? Remind students that they should not pick just any verb. The verbs must relate to the title of the poem. Write verb, verb, verb, underneath noun and adjective, adjective. e. Explain that the 4th step in writing a cinquain is to construct...
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...Content: Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 1.Pronouns................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Personal pronouns...........................................................................................................5 1.2 Possessive pronouns........................................................................................................6 1.3 Reflexive pronouns..........................................................................................................7 1.4 Demonstrative pronouns..................................................................................................8 1.5 Interrogative pronouns.....................................................................................................9 1.6 Relative pronouns..........................................................................................................11 1.7 Indefinite pronouns........................................................................................................12 1.8 Reciprocal pronouns......................................................................................................13 2. Determiners.........................................................................................................................14 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...16 Reference………………………………………………………………………………...…...
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