...doctrine II. Arguments for the Existence of God 3 c. Cosmological Argument d. Teleological Argument e. Anthropological III. Atheism Versus Existence of God 11 f. Evidence used to disprove God’s existence g. The believers evidence to counter IV. Conclusion 13 h. Summary of the arguments i. Applications in the church today V. Introduction The existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, immutable, monotheistic God has come up against enormous resistance from the beginning of time. Early believers such as Moses, Elijah, Paul, and Peter all had to demonstrate that their God is the one true God at times. These believers even encountered persecution and ridicule for holding on to these beliefs at times. Nevertheless the challenges to these early believers tended to be demonstrating that their God was greater than their accuser’s god or gods. At times, it was through the words of men that the God of the Bible was shown to be greater, and other times it was through the action of God in the world and the inaction of the other gods that demonstrated His power and existence This paper will explain three arguments used to demonstrate the existence of God through scientific principles. His existence will be shown using the cosmological, teleological, and anthropological arguments. In academic areas especially science, the question of...
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...employ to determine if people on earth are religious — in other words, what does religion look like? Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and sometimes, to moral values (Talal, 1982). Religions most notably are represented by symbols, stories, traditions or anything that tends to explain the meaning of life or the creation of earth and its beings. Each religion has its take on morality, ethics, religious laws, and lifestyle. Many religions have determined behaviors which include meetings or worship services. During these services they are worshipping their deity or praying to him or her. In observing religion, you may also see other services that members may be involved in which include sacrifices, revivals, feasts or dinners, initiations, funerals, marriage ceremonies, meditations, music, dances, and art. Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above. 1. Baptism is a Christian rite or ceremony that Christians participate in. It is a form of rebirth and it done by water and the Holy Spirit. 2. Ramadan is another belief for Muslims which is a month of fasting in which they refrain from eating or drinking during the daytime. It is practiced to teach members about patience and submissiveness to their god. 3. Weddings which are observed by many religions which two people take a vow before their god to honor and obey one another...
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...Kennedy said, “Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events. It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human history is shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance.” Discrimination is an attack on the very core of human rights and it is all too easy to deny a person’s human rights if you consider them “less than”. Discrimination centered on race, gender, age, social class, religion, and sexual orientation, continues in every part of the world. We should fight to exterminate discrimination where ever we encounter it…whether it’s directed to a race of people, like the Negro maids Abilene & Minny, or to women in general, like Skeeter and Celia. We are obligated as human beings to help those who are abused in their homes, as Minny was by Leroy, and rescue the elderly who are abuse by their children as Mrs. Walters was by her daughter Hilly. But first and foremost we must wage war against the seeds of discrimination that exists within our own...
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...Kinship, Beliefs and Values within the Nayar of India ANT101 August 6, 2012 Kinship Organizations of Nayar of India The Nayar, are a group of Indian castes, described as not a unitary group but a named category of castes. The Nayar caste of Kerala in southwestern India has for over 100 years served as a source of paradigm and paradox (Moore, 1985). They are a power caste society that lives in extended matrilineal family groups. Hinduism is the main religion of these people and that combined with their social and economic structure make for an interesting combination of kinship, gender relations, beliefs, and values. The Nayar of India is an ethnographic and folk-culture society. The people are a complex, interesting, large and power cast society that live in extended matrilineal family groups. Hinduism is the main religion of these people and that combined with their social and economic structure make for an interesting combination of kinship, gender relations, beliefs, and values. This paper will discuss the fascinating aspects of this culture focusing on their kinship, gender relations, and their beliefs and values. The Nayars ought to be 'typical' of South Asia as any other group. As a populous caste of cultivators, warriors and sometimes rulers, they are far from being peripheral to the larger Hindu community of which they are a part, and can even be accorded the status of a dominant caste (Moore, 1985). History of Nayars Nayar also known as Nair is a name of...
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...Ethics of Purity A Comparison and Contrast of Islam and Judaism The world we reside is full of religions and beliefs of every sort. They all vary accordingly to the geographic, social, and linguistic diversity of the planet itself. According to the late Bishop Mark Pullevard purity means: “the voluntary subjection of oneself to God." Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Both Islam and Judaism believe that purity plays a big role internal or external in the focus of one’s self within the religious sphere and to the attainment or pleasure of God’s will. Within this Essay we shall explore ritual and ethical understandings of both Islam and Judaism and reflect on mutual understandings of purity between the two religions, religious definitions and anthropological theories, and my own experience with purity and ethics. Overlapping and Mutual Influences in both Judaism and Islam vary in the sense that according to the Jewish law a person may not enter the temple if he or she is impure. They must usually undergo three different stages of purification. These stages include waiting a period or length of time; offering of a ritual bath and foretokening certain symbolic sacrifices. Sources of impurity for the Jews are from contact with dead bodies, leprosy, and from sexual organs. For Jews contact with the dead bodies causes ritual uncleanness, which may be transferred to other people, to objects, or to food. The impurity caused by the contact of sexual organs means that...
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...American religions and American legal culture. Numen, 43(2), 157-183. Retrieved from JSTOR database. Thesis Statement: This essay attempts to build on the insights of these two great scholars-Felix Cohen, the legal scholar and “father of federal Indian law” and Lawrence Sullivan, the encyclopedic and graceful historian of religion-with regard to “Native America,” which is no less an imagined and located social-historical place than is “America.” I attempt to build on their shared claim that, although Native American communities may mark boundaries of social, political, and cultural difference in the US, the histories of these communities are neither “other” to nor on the periphery of American history, but at its heart. I also attempt to build on the present tense and dynamic sense of agency with which Cohen and especially Sullivan speak of Native Americans-a dynamic present tense too often missing in the historical frameworks given voice in scholarship. The relationship between religion and the law in Native America is an ideal subject through which to view this historical dynamism and to evaluate contemporary scholarly and legal frameworks for interpretation. Article 2: Bialecki, J. (2008). Between stewardship and sacrifice: agency and economy in a Southern California charismatic church. Journal of The Royal Anthropological Institute, 14(2), 372-390. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database. Thesis Statement: Specifically, this article identifies the existence of three different...
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...practice? Fundamentalism- going back to old traditions, going back to basics Fundamentalism refers to a belief in a strict adherence to an established set of basic principles (usually religious in nature), sometimes as a reaction to perceived doctrinal compromises with modern social and political life. Secular- Denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis Contemporary- Belonging to or occurring in the present Contemporary society- Contemporary society, according to social and political scientists, is characterised by at least three fundamental directions: • increasing human interconnection through a network of relationships that is progressively covering the whole planet; • the pace and depth of the evolution of human ways of life determined by technological innovation represent an absolute novelty in human history; • the scale of anthropological and ecological transformation due to the interaction between evolutionary factors (social, cultural, economic, and technological) has no historical precedent. These directions are the result of a number of fundamental changes that are irreversibly transforming our daily lives, our way of thinking and perceiving the world and our way of living together. Among these fundamental changes are: improvements in life conditions, life expectancy, literacy and gender equality; changes in domestic and international political institutions; and the breakdown of natural equilibria. Berger- Berger's...
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...1987. The worst mistake in the history of the human race. Discover Magazine, May: 64-66. Draper, P. 1975. !Kung women: contrasts in sexual egalitarianism in foraging and sedentary contexts. Anthropology Faculty Publications 45: 77–109. Ember, Carol R. 1978. Myths About Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnology 17(4): 439–48. Feit, H.A. 1994. The enduring pursuit: land, time and social relationships in anthropological models of Hunter-Gatherers and subarctic hunters Images. In: Burch, E. S. & Ellanna, L. J. (eds) Key Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research: 421-439.Oxford: Berg Publishers, Inc. Hayden, B. 1994. Competition, labour and complex hunter gatherers. In: Burch, E. S. & Ellanna, L. J. (eds) Key Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research: 421-439.Oxford: Berg Publishers, Inc. Helvenston, P.A & Bahn, P. G. 2003. Testing the ‘three stages of trance’ model. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13(2): 213–24 Klein, F. Guzman, E. Mandell, E.C & Stanfield-Mazzi, M. 2002. The role of shamanism in mesoamerican art: a reassessment. Current Anthropology 43(3): 383-419. Kuper, A. 1988. The Reinvention of Primitive Society Transformations of a Myth. London: Routledge. Lee, R.B. 1992. Art, science, or politics? The crisis in hunter-gatherer studies. American Anthropologist 94(1):...
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...Contrast and Continuities in Society OUSCC1504 [pic][pic] [pic] Combined Studies, Sociology, Level 4 This programme is currently validated by The Open University [pic] [pic] 2014-15 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] |Assessment type |Hand in date |Percentage of Marks |Assessment description | |Formative assessment |27 March 2015 |0% |Assignment Plan | |Summative assessment |11 May 2015 |10% |Group Presentation | |Summative assessment |25 May 2015 |30% |Individual Supporting Summary | | | | |750 words | |Summative assessment |12 June 2015 |60% |Essay 1,500 | [pic] | | |What’s the module all about? | |Module and Programme Learning Outcomes | |Assessments | |Handing in your work ...
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...The Western world’s depiction of Ancient Egypt has been very limited, our closest accounts of primary sources come from Greek writers between the 6th and 5th Century BCE. Some of these, many times the most detailed are still questioned whether they are such as Homer’s Iliad and the chapter of Exodus in the Hebrew Bible. While many hieroglyphs have been deciphered and translated, most murals remain with an unknown meaning. However Szapakowska (2010) argues that religion in Ancient Egypt has been denoted to have three principle features. One was Maat, maintenance of order over chaos. The other, a belief in the numinous nature of the world, and finally the hope of living an eternal afterlife in the Duat, the afterlife inhabited by the Gods and...
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...Elements of Religious Traditions There are many different religions that are practiced all over the world. Most all of these religions share eight elements. These include a belief system, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expression and sacredness. These various religions all have special traditions that honor the sacred to which its followers believe. Although, there are key critical issues in the study of religion, there are also many benefits. Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam are three examples of religion types that are practiced throughout the world. However, there are also different varieties of these religions practiced. In Christianity, the Orthodox churches of Greece, Russia, Romania and elsewhere are closely related to each other, but are rather different from western Catholicism. There are also numerous forms of Protestant Christianity such as Methodism, Baptist, and Pentecostalism. Different types of Buddhism include Theravada Buddhism which is practiced in Sri Lanka and in South East Asia. Mahayana, Tibetan, and Shingon are other examples of Buddhism. The most prominent division in the Islam religion is between the Sunnites and Shi’ites. The first of the eight elements that these religions share is their belief system. They have a common belief or worldview of the universe and what place the human being’s have in it. Community means that this belief is shared and practiced by all its members or group...
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...8 Creolization in Anthropological Theory and in Mauritius Thomas Hylland Eriksen A great amount of intellectual energy has been invested in cultural mixing during the last decades. Reacting against an idea of boundedness, internal homogeneity, and stability that has been associated with mainstream twentieth-century anthropology, hundreds—possibly thousands—of anthropologists have tried to redefine, reform, revolutionize, or even relinquish that abhorred “C” word—”culture.” The range of engagement is suggested in the apparent congruence between postmodernist American anthropologists (for example, Clifford & Marcus 1986) and their now classic critique of the Geertzian notion of cultural integration, and the older European critique of the structural-functionalist idea of social integration, which was led by people such as Barth (1966), whose rationalism and naturalism is everything but postmodernist. In both cases, presuppositions of integrated wholes, cultures or social structures, have been debunked. From being a discipline concentrating its efforts on understanding nonliterate societies, often implicitly positing the uncontaminated aborigine as its hero, anthropology increasingly studies cultural impurity and hybridity, and the dominant normative discourse in the field has shifted from defending the cultural rights of small peoples to combating essentialism and reifying identity politics. While this development has been important and necessary for a variety of reasons,...
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...ANT 3212: Peoples and Cultures of the World Spring 2013 www.anthrocervone.org/peoplesandcultures Instructor: Dr. Sarah Cervone Telephone: (904) 620-1000 Email: s.cervone.157873@unf.edu Course Description: This online course introduces students to the anthropological concept of culture and the sociohistorical circumstances that contribute to human diversity worldwide. It focuses on the defining dimensions of culture as well as the mechanisms of cultural change. Goals: At the conclusion of the semester, students shall be able to; • Understand how human diversity and cultural phenomena are shaped by specific socio-historical circumstances, • Recognize how structural forces shape the human experience in diverse and dynamic ways, • Identify how individuals and groups exert agency and initiate change locally and globally, • Critically examine how socially constructed ideas (such as gender, race, nationality, etc.) generate real effects on human realities, • Appreciate the broader contributions of anthropological research, • Understand how anthropological theories and methods can be applied across multiple disciplines and professions. Class Design: The course is comprised of six modules that consist of five pages; an introductory overview and four topical segments. The modules will be available during the times specified in the syllabus, and each will culminate with a quiz or an exam. Students will be evaluated via participation in online discussions at...
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...Midterm 1 Notes * Anthropological Approaches to Understanding Evolution * What is Anthropology? * the study of culture * the study of humans * the study of humans and human behavior * the study of culture among different people and places * the study of global cultures and the comparisons between the various differences * It incorporate culture, including language, social practice, religion, etc. * the study of culture…it can be scientific, humanistic and based on observation * the study of humans in all parts of the world…it combines several fields into a holistic view * the study of humankind in all time and places * Anthropology is: 1. A Social Science * Academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society, which often reply primarily on empirical approaches 2. Studies Culture * Culture is composed of ideas, values and perceptions * Culture is not instinctual, it must be learned and shared * Culture only exists within a society or group of people * Culture is a human adaptation to their environment 3. Holistic * The various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence * Cultural Anthropology * The study of patterns of human behavior, thought and emotions, focusing on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures ...
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...Anthropology: A Definition Learning Objectives 1 1. Define anthropology as a discipline. 2. Enumerate and define the subdivisions of anthropology. 3. Outline the history of anthropology. 4. Discuss the research methods of anthropological research. 5. Explain the causes of culture shock. 6. Analyze the values of cultural relativism. 7. Identify the uses of cross-cultural comparison. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: iStockphoto/Thinkstock iStockphoto 8. Explain the basic ethical questions of anthropological research. 9. Explain the different concepts used in an anthropological analysis of culture. 10. Explain the difference between humanistic and scientific approaches to culture. Chapter Outline 1.1 The Breadth of Anthropology • • • • • The Four Traditional Subfields Anthropology as Science and Humanity Etic Versus Emic Perspectives The Holistic Perspective Breadth in Time and Space 1.3 Methods of Anthropological Research • • • • Participant Observation The Fieldwork: A Case Study Cross-Cultural Comparison Ethics in Anthropological Research 1.2 The History of Cultural Anthropology • • • • • The Evolutionary Period The Empiricist Period The Functionalist Period The Contemporary Period The Period of Specialization 1.4 Cultural Differences • Culture Shock • Ethnocentrism • Cultural Relativism 1.5 Employment in Anthropology 1 cra80793_01_c01_001-032.indd 1 5/23/13 2:23 PM Section 1.1 The Breadth of Anthropology CHAPTER...
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