...Purity of a substance report Create a report describing the factors that influence the purity of a substance. It is important that chemical substances are as pure as possible. This reduces the chances of unnecessary side-effects and helps ensure an accurate dose in each tablet/substance. The purity of a substance or compound can be established by using data from its melting point or boiling point and from thin layer chromatography. Impure compounds have a range of melting and boiling points, as different substances contain different things they will have different boiling and melting temperatures. Sometimes the different substances may interfere with each other’s melting and boiling points. However the pure compounds have definite boiling and melting points. The presence of an impurity usually lowers the melting point and raises the boiling point. The greater the amount of an impurity, the bigger the differences from the true melting point and boiling point. Thin layer chromatography is similar to paper chromatography, but instead of paper, a thin layer of power is coated onto the plastic plate or glass. Different types of powders and solvents are used; this depends on the type of substance being separated. The results of a pure substance should show that the substance produces just one spot on the plate and the distance travelled by the substance is identical to known sample of that substance on the same plate. Weighing, mixing, heating, cooling, filtration, washing and...
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...Utilitarianism, Ethical Egoism, and Moral Relativism Tom Gardner Ethics is a branch of philosophy that attempts to answer the questions; what’s right? What’s wrong? And why? Moral relativism is an ethics position that essentially states that people have disagreeing moral beliefs and therefore you must but tolerant of other's morals. This position leads to the problematic realization that if this is the case there can be no objective moral truths nor can there be any universal principles. Act utilitarianism and ethical egoism are two different ethics theories that attempt to respond to this challenge of moral relativism in different ways. Ethical egoism attempts to respond to the challenge of moral relativism by justifying that there is a universal principle for what actions are right and what are wrong. It is a form of consequentialism, which means it looks solely at the consequences of action to see if it is right or wrong. The defining sentence of egoism is as follows, “What's good for you is right and what's bad for you is wrong.” This phrase can be interpreted in a number of ways, the most popular one being: every person should act in their own self-interest. This means that when deciding on whether an action is good, any effect on others (mental or physical) by said action has no merit. An egoist that is measuring or justifying an action's goodness is only examining the possible positive or negative effects this action will have on him. The majority of the justification...
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...Code of Ethics Bus/210 Friday December 12, 2013 Jeannette Lipford This code of conduct will help guide the ethical business practices of all persons and employees of Angie’s Computer Repair Service. These codes will define the responsibilities for each and every employee of Angie’s Computer Repair Service. by protecting our business reputation as ethical and a reliable Computer Repair Service. As a company we will comply with all the state and local laws, Employees will conduct themselves in a professional manner when dealing with company business. Employees will not discriminate against one another do their gender, race, religion, or beliefs we will be treated fairly and equally. There will be a zero tolerance for harassment of any sort whether it is intentional or unintentional. All employees including myself must be able to depend on each other’s truthfulness as well has have the ability to be able to step up and bring issues and concerns to the proper people. We will strive to provide excellent customer service to our clients. Employees will do what is in the best interest of the company to help the company to continue to grow and gain new business. Failing to protect the company’s interest along with our affiliates may result in suspension and or termination. We here at Angie’s Computer Repair Service pride ourselves on maintaining our good reputation within the community. Therefore these rules will be the standard functions of our good business practices;...
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...Code of Ethics Compare & Contras Concordia University Code of Ethics Compare & Contrast The three codes of ethics that I chose to compare and contrast are those of the American Health Care Association (AHCA), the Health Information Professionals (HIP), and the American Nurses Association (ANA). Each one of these organizations have areas that are very similar to each other, as well as areas that are completely different. This paper points out the most common ethical codes which are practiced by each of the three establishments while on the same hand showing how vastly different they are. American Health Care Association The first code of ethics is from the American Health Care Association, or AHCA for short. What I found interesting about this particular code of ethics was that it seemed to be right down the middle compared to the other two. The ethics of the AHCA seem to be greatly centered on long term care for those in the community who need it and the standards of which they are upheld to. There is also more emphasis on self-accountability and just being a good person by doing what is right. The AHCA also considers itself as a model for other healthcare organizations when it comes to establishing the moral guidelines for employers as well as employees to follow. Patient advocacy and the strength of the relationship with the community are repeatedly emphasized in these ethics codes, which suggests that above all, healthcare providers should put the needs...
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...FOUNDATION DEGREE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To | | This essay will discuss the importance of quality leadership, the diversities between leadership and management within health and social care and explain the ethical frame work leaders of services should adhere to. Every organization strives to be successful regardless of the type of business it conducts; no organization can be fully successful and productive without good quality leadership. Haris and Ogbonna (2000) discovered that although leadership may not completely affect the organisations achievement, the quality of leadership does affect the workers of the organisation who in turn have a substantial affect on the organiation. (cited in Haracre, et al 2011) If workers are contented and without stress in their work they will be more likely to be enthuiastic...
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...CONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i) In general terms are you willing to take part in this interview: and an edited transcript of the interview submitted to Sheffield Hallam? Yes (ii) Are you happy for your own name to be used in the transcript: or do you want the final transcript to written up with a pseudonym? Own name (iii) Are you happy for the names of other people and organisations to be used in the final transcript: or do you want all other names to be content of this transcription to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam? Pseudonyms (iv) Are you happy for me to submit the final transcript without you reviewing it - or do you want to reserve the right to see the final transcript before I submit? Submit unseen (v) Sometimes the ethical dilemmas described in these transcripts provide real life case studies that can be helpful to show other students, and can provide rich data for research projects. Would you be willing for this transcript to be used in further teaching or research - or would you prefer...
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...organizations. The company will have 15 to 20 employees. Since many of our clients will be paying with funds provided by government sources, we have decided it would be appropriate to have an ethics program in place before we start offering services. A company must have an effective ethics program to ensure that all employees understand its values and comply with the policies and codes of conduct that create its ethical culture (Ferrell, Ferrell & Fraedrich, 2008, p. 211). In order to develop an effective ethics program, it must contain certain items. It must first have a code of conduct to establish what is and is not acceptable behavior and to set a general corporate tone as to how employees are expected to conduct themselves. Second, it should have a high level corporate officer in charge of the program. This will also help demonstrate the importance of ethics to the corporation. Third, an effective and ongoing ethics training program is necessary to ensure all employees are aware of what is expected of them. Fourth, a system to monitor and enforce ethical standards must be in place in order to hold employees accountable for their actions and lastly, it must have a mechanism to modify and improve the program when deficiencies appear. When developing our code of conduct, we will use a values orientation instead of a compliance orientation. A compliance orientation approach sets a negative tone, as it sets regulations and rules and the punishment for violating them...
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...1. Is Rand correct in saying that if you accept altruism, then you end up with lack of self-esteem and a lack of respect for others? I opined that Rand is incorrect in saying this. Altruism, according to Rand, is “willing to sacrifice your life for others.” This is consistent with the dictionary definitions of altruism such as “unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others.” By accepting altruism, a person showed that he has respect for the value of life. On the contrary, studies have shown that practicing altruism enhances personal well – being and affects the community positively as a whole. And because when we give, without expecting return is true charity. To some extend; due to vested interest, people are more willing to go the extra mile to help their family and friends as they are likely to suffer if their friends and family is at risk. However, it has nothing to do with neither lack of self-esteem nor lack of respect for others. 2. Is Rand criticizing ideal or reciprocal altruism? Do you think that she would differentiate between the two? Would you? It seemed that Rand is criticizing reciprocal altruism. It refers to the human social idea and expectation that if a person performs an altruistic act, other people will perform altruistic acts in return. She argues that to sacrifice oneself for another person will result in a threat to one’s existence and helping other is not a moral duty or obligation. However, I disagree, as I know that, “no man is...
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...Summary The amount of discussion and research on ethical leadership is increasing as people become more cynical about the motives, competence, and integrity of business and political leaders. Conceptions of ethical leadership include nurturing followers, empowering them, and promoting social justice. Ethical leadership includes efforts to encourage • Set an example in your own behavior of appreciation for diversity. • Encourage respect for individual differences. • Promote understanding of different values, beliefs, and traditions. • Explain the benefits of diversity for the team or organization. • Encourage and support others who promote tolerance of diversity. • Discourage use of stereotypes to describe people. • Identify biased beliefs and role expectations for women or minorities. • Challenge people who make prejudiced comments. • Speak out to protest against unfair treatment based on prejudice. • Take disciplinary action to stop harassment of women or minorities. CHAPTER 14 Ethical Leadership and Diversity 437 ethical behavior as well as efforts to stop unethical practices. Ethical leaders seek to build mutual trust and respect among diverse followers and to find integrative solutions to conflicts among stakeholders with competing interests. Such leaders do not foster distrust or play favorites to gain more power or achieve personal objectives. Determinants of ethical behavior by a leader include situational influences and aspects of leader personality...
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...Psychological egoism is the view that everyone always acts selfishly. It describes human nature as being wholly self-centered and self-motivated. Psychological egoism is different from ethical egoism in their “direction of fit” to the world. Psychological ego-ism is a factual theory. It aims to fit the world. In the world is not how psychological ego-ism says it is because someone acts unselfishly, then something is wrong with psycho-logical egoism. In my opinion this argument is completely wrong and unsound. According to James Rachel, an author of “Elements of Moral Philosophy,” there two main arguments exist against psychological egoism. The first argument can be formulated as such: 1) Everyone always does what they most want to do. 2) If everyone always does what they most want to do, they act selfishly 3) Everyone always acts selfishly. Opponents claim that psychological egoism renders ethics useless. There two cri-ticisms of this argument. First criticism is on premise one: “It is not the case that everyone always does what they most want to do because sometimes people do what they are obligated to do. They are either forced to do it because someone makes them or they do it because they seek the end result of it, such as a visit to the dentist entails.” (J. Rachels p. 70) In his book “Elements of Moral Philosophy” Rachel gives great examples to support this criti-cism: “the soldier who falls on the grenade to save his buddies, the person who runs into the busy...
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...Code of Ethics Teresa Sieck ETH/ 316 July 2, 2012 Ed McCullough Code of Ethics A code of ethics is a collection of principles practiced and followed by management of businesses and corporations around the world (Spiro, 2010). A businesses code of ethics works with a company’s mission statement and policies of conduct that gives employees, partners, venders, and outsiders an understanding of what the company stands for and believes in (Boylan, 2009). It should address the differences or variations in both company’s industry and its broader goals for social responsibility (How to create a company code of ethics, 2012). It should be strong enough to serve as a guide for employees with questions to resolve issues on their own if needed (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Wal-Mart is one of the largest corporations in the United States. As one of the largest corporations the company has a social responsibility to their employees, customers, and the community. The code of ethics works with and around these principals. Wal-Mart has three basic principles, 1) respect for the individual, 2) service to the customer, and 3) striving for excellence (What is Wal-Mart’s Code of ethics, 2011). The following is an example of what a code of ethics could be and what values a business may have. Vision Statement: People are assets not possessions; employees, customers, and communities should be treated with fairness, respect, honesty and integrity. The corporation’s global vision is to...
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...The corporate world is one of great prestige, earning potential, and recognition, but it can also be a world in which corruption, mismanagement, and failure can lead to devastating consequences, ending careers and tarnishing reputations. The AccuForm case study reflects the complex nature of business and its relationship to ethical dilemmas, corporate culture, and managerial competence and responsibility. With a variance in personalities, motives, and expectations companies such as AccuForm struggle to maintain an environment in which integrity is upheld and not usurped by individual greed or contradictory values. This case study illustrates the challenges within businesses and confirms the need for organizations to seriously and meticulously evaluate company policies and systems, clearly define managerial goals and expectations, and assist in the edification of the entire workforce. To understand the implications of this case, one must analyze the organization’s partnerships. Undoubtedly, the partnership between AccuForm and CreaseFree created a monumental challenge that clearly reflects how systems and culture can be a detriment to the productivity of a company. Entering into a joint venture was a very costly decision for AccuForm. The immediate challenge faced by the company was the obvious dichotomy of the business practices and belief systems of the organizations. This challenge was most significant because it was the basis for all of the ignoble actions that would soon...
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...Joyce R. Clifford’s praise of the book “Leadership is an Art” is the most apt review I have read. She articulates, “In today’s financially driven business environment, Max De Pree helps readers to pause, take a deep breath, and examine their own personal ‘art of leadership.’ This is an extraordinary book that avoids quick management theory and brings the reader back to the reality that human values form the basis for extraordinary leadership” (De Pree, n.pag.). This is clear throughout the book as De Pree advocates for a servant leadership, similar to Colleen Barrett from Southwest Airlines who also advocates for such humanistic leadership. De Pree points out later in the book that owners are “liable for hard assets and also a legacy for their corporate heirs” (De Pree, p. 95). This is a powerful statement that I will discuss in greater detail. De Pree’s major theme can best be summed up by dealing closely with the esteem needs of people and the philosophy of positive organizational behavior (McShane, p. 77). De Pree postulates that the most effective way of leading be “participative leadership,” which deals with meeting employee esteem needs for “belonging, for contributing, for meaningful work, for the opportunity to make a commitment, for the opportunity to grow and be at least reasonably in control of our own destinies (De Pree, p. 23). Certain key ideas tie to the fact that “Leadership is an art, something to be learned over time … [leadership is] more a weaving of...
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...1. Psychological Egoism All forms of egoism require explication of “self-interest” (or “welfare” or “well-being”). There are two main theories. Preference or desire accounts identify self-interest with the satisfaction of one's desires. Often, and most plausibly, these desires are restricted to self-regarding desires. What makes a desire self-regarding is controversial, but there are clear cases and counter-cases: a desire for my own pleasure is self-regarding; a desire for the welfare of others is not. Objective accounts identify self-interest with the possession of states (such as virtue or knowledge) that are valued independently of whether they are desired. Hedonism, which identifies self-interest with pleasure, is either a preference or an objective account, according to whether what counts as pleasure is determined by one's desires. Psychological egoism claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. This allows for action that fails to maximize perceived self-interest, but rules out the sort of behavior psychological egoists like to target — such as altruistic behavior or motivation by thoughts of duty alone. It allows for weakness of will, since in weakness of will cases I am still aiming at my own welfare; I am weak in that I do not act as I aim. And it allows for aiming at things other than one's welfare, such as helping others, where these things are a means to one's welfare. Psychological egoism is supported by our frequent observation of...
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...Philosophy 202 Ethics Class July 25, 2013 Helping Others One day on the way home from work, I was driving on the freeway. I passed a car that had broken down and was sitting on the side of the road. There was a lady and her two little children that were stranded. It was hot outside and I stopped to see if I could help. I gave them a ride to their house, made sure that they would be ok and then I left. I never saw them again. I didn’t know this family; I didn’t stop because I thought that I may win an award or get famous because of it. I stopped because I have been in that position before and know how it feels to be stranded with your children. Why would someone help another person whom they don’t even know? There have been some controversial theories on the helping of others. One theory is from the egoists. A major believer in the egoism theory is the famous author, Ayn Rand. She believes that a person should only help another person if they hold value to them, or if in helping them they will receive something in return, which is all supposed to relate to one’s own happiness. Egoism claims that each person has but one ultimate goal: his or her own welfare. This theory also implies that not everyone can be an egoist. It relies on other people being altruistic. Most altruists believe that each person has an obligation to give pleasure and take away the pains of other people. Altruism involves the unselfish concern for others. It entails doing things only out of a desire...
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