...resources that used to generate electric power such as solar and wind power. Recently, scientists created a new kind of renewable power which is tidal power. Tidal power is “the generation of electricity from the hydraulic energy that is produced by tidal currents of the ocean”(Culture&Morris,2006,p.449). This power depends on the gravitational tug from the moon which can produce a swift tide (Roach, 2003), and it basically works as an underwater windmills. There are many projects in different countries such as Norway, Scotland, United Kingdom, and United States. Most of these projects are under development, and still not ready for commercial uses. However, this power can be enormous, but we should think about the effects of this power in the marine environment, the costs, and the possibility to make it work. There are many projects in different countries. In United States, there are two companies which are trying to develop this power. The first one, Verdant Power, which made three experiments in New York City’s East River, found the success in providing a power enough to light a supermarket. The second company, Ocean Power, has several projects in California and Massachusetts, but the tidal power situation is still weak in United States because of a lack in government support. In Europe, things are slightly more advanced. France has the only utility-scale tidal power system in the world. Also, Norway has hosted a 300-kilowatt experimental tidal project for several years. Furthermore...
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...Tidal Energy October 20, 2011 Abstract Tidal energy is an innovative and environmentally safe form of hydropower that harnesses the energy that comes from ocean tides and converts it into electricity. This type of alternative energy provides us with another outlet we can use instead of burning our limited amount of fossil fuels. Tidal energy is feasible in some parts of the world that have ample amounts of flow velocities. With the use of new turbine technology, the availability of sites for tidal energy will allow it to be a practical use of renewable energy. Tidal Power Technologies There are three main generating methods to harness power from tidal waves. The first one is the use of a barrage or dam which uses kinetic energy to move the water to power turbines. The turbines turn an electric generator on to produce the electricity. The second generating method used is the tidal fence, which are giant turnstiles that spin towards tidal currents. These turnstiles usually run at 5-8 knots, and are geared more toward winds of a higher velocity. The third and final method is the use of tidal turbines which are positioned underwater in rows similar to wind turbine positioning. The use of tidal turbines is the better of the three methods because it maximizes the amount of energy harnessed from the tidal waves. The turbines are significantly effective since seawater has a higher density than air, so the ocean currents can carry significantly more energy. This allows the...
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...wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of power plants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Hydroelectric power comes...
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...The power of the rise and fall of the sea level or tidal power, can be harnessed to generate electricity. Tidal Power Tidal power traditionally involves erecting a dam across the opening to a tidal basin. The dam includes a sluice that is opened to allow the tide to flow into the basin; the sluice is then closed, and as the sea level drops, traditional hydropower technologies can be used to generate electricity from the elevated water in the basin. Some researchers are also trying to extract energy directly from tidal flow streams. The energy potential of tidal basins is large — the largest facility, the La Rance station in France, generates 240 megawatts of power. Currently, France is the only country that successfully uses this power source. French engineers have noted that if the use of tidal power on a global level was brought to high enough levels, the Earth would slow its rotation by 24 hours every 2,000 years. Tidal energy systems can have environmental impacts on tidal basins because of reduced tidal flow and silt buildup. 3 Ways of Using the Tidal Power of the Ocean There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy. We can use the ocean's waves, we can use the ocean's high and low tides, or we can use temperature differences in the water. 1 Wave Energy Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine. In this simple example, (illustrated to the right) the wave rises into a chamber...
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...creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world. Workers install equipment for an ocean thermal energy conversion experiment in 1994 at Hawaii's Natural Energy Laboratory. Credit: A. Resnick, Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. Ocean thermal energy is used for many applications, including electricity generation. There are three types of electricity conversion systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid. Closed-cycle systems use the ocean's warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. The vapor expands and turns a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity. Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator. And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems. Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant. Also, unlike thermal energy, the electricity conversion of both tidal and wave energy usually involves mechanical devices. A barrage (dam) is typically used to convert tidal energy into electricity by forcing the water through turbines, activating a generator...
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...produced when electricity generators are kept at the surface of the ocean and then propelled by the ocean waves.The Wave Energy Converter (WEC) machine is used to exploit wave power into useful form of electric energy. The WEC’s are attached to special turbines, buoys and other machineries that capture the power of waves and tides and combine them into pollution-free electricity (Aux 2010). The energy produced usually depends on the height of the wave, the speed of the wave, the wavelength and the density of water. The use of wave energy varies considerable...
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...Oscillating Water Column (Nearshore) 7 2.5 Hinged Contour Devices (Near/Offshore) 8 2.6 Case Study – Pelamis DeviceI 9 2.7 Economic Appraisal 9 2.6 Non Technological Barriers - Environmental Impacts: 13 2.7 Non Technological Barriers - Social Impacts: 16 2.8 Miscellaneous Non Technological Barriers 16 2.9 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of wave energy 17 3.0 Tidal Stream Technologies 21 3.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines 21 3.2 Vertical Axis Turbines 22 3.3 Reciprocating devices (oscillating hydrofoils) 22 3.4 Venturi Effect Tidal Stream Devices 23 3.5 Economic Appraisal: 24 3.6 Non Technological Barriers – Socio-Economic & Environmental Impacts: 27 3.7 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of Tidal Stream energy. 29 3.8 Grid Integration: 30 3.8.1 Grid connection charges 30 3.8.2 Connection Charges. 30 3.9 Grid Connection. 30 3.9.1 Technological Barriers for Tidal Stream 31 3.10 Research and Development for future Irish Energy Strategies:. 37 4.0 Summary 41 5.0 Conclusion 41 5.1 Wave Energy: 42 5.2 Tidal Stream: 42 Bibliography 46 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to critically review the socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ocean Energy Technologies. The author begins the review by providing some examples of Wave Energy Conversion devices and then selects one type in which the impacts are discussed and critically examined in an Irish context...
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...Generating Electricity Question 1 Define the following terms: a) Non-renewable resources Most developed nations are dependent on the non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power. It means that a resources that is replaced slowly by natural earth processes in such a way that once used by people, it will not be available again within a useful time frame. Example of non-renewable resources includes oil, coal, rocks, and minerals. b) Renewable resources Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environmental movement, both politically and economically. Energy obtained from renewable resources puts much less strain on the limited supply of fossil fuels (non-renewable resources).It mean that a resource that is quickly replaced or recycled by natural processes in a time frame that makes it useful for human consumption or use. Examples are include cotton, wood, solar energy, water. Some renewable resources have essentially an endless supply, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal pressure, while other resources are considered renewable even though some time or effort must go into their renewal, such as wood, oxygen, leather and fish. c) Hydroelectricity It is a renewable energy source where power is derived from the energy of water moving from higher to lower elevations. Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving water. The fall and movement of water is part of a continuous...
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...Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular area. The amount of money invested...
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...Writing Sample - Ocean Energy Research Paper 4 months ago * * Email * Favorite * Favorited × * Download * Embed * More… * * Copy and paste this code into your blog or website Copy Customize Without related content Start from slide number Size (px) 382 x 408 477 x 510 572 x 612 668 x 714 Embed code for WordPress.com blogs Copy Close * We have emailed the verification/download link to "". Login to your email and click the link to download the file directly. To request the link at a different email address, update it here. Close Validation messages. Success message. Fail message. Check your bulk/spam folders if you can't find our mail. * Loading… Close * Favorited! You could add some tags too Have an opinion? Make a quick comment as well. Cancel * Edit your favorites Cancel * Send to your Group / Event Add your message Cancel × Like this presentation? 0 comments Embed Video Subscribe to comments Post Comment Edit your comment Cancel Speaker Notes on slide 1 Writing Sample - Ocean Energy Research Paper - Document Transcript 1. Ocean Energy: A Solution for America’s Energy Problem Adam Sherwin America’s energy future can be described as a “trilemma.”1 The challenge of meeting the country’s energy demands requires consideration of three central problems: national security and reliability costs, financial...
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...Panels • Stirling Engines • Photovoltaic Energy Hydropower is the use of water to produce energy to power communities instead of the burning of natural resources. Modern wind-turbine generators are capable of producing more than 1 MW of electricity, and large wind installations have become common in many developed countries. Wind energy would reduce the burning of fossil fuels. Geothermal power plants use steam or hot water from geothermal reservoirs to turn turbines. Geothermal energy is the only clean source that can provide firm, predictable power on 24 hours per day, and it is in much greater amounts for a given installation than other renewable sources. Wave and tidal power is an emerging technology that has lagged in development because of the high relative cost of installation. The World Energy Council has estimated the worldwide wave-power resource to be 2 terawatts. Among the proposed designs for capturing wave power are oscillating water columns that use the up and down motion of waves to generate electricity, moored floating devices that capture the tension between a fixed point and the movement of the bobbing flotation device, and hinged contour devices that channel waves into an elevated reservoir, whose outflow is used to generate electricity. Using the cyclic daily movement of currents in and out of shoreline basins to turn turbines collects tidal power. These technologies could help developing countries by giving them the ability to increase their development...
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...each day the tropical oceans absorb an amount of solar radiation equivalent to the heat content of 250 billion barrels of oil. The ocean’s sun-warmed surface is higher in temperature than its deep water, and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is based on this gradient in temperature. There are two ways in getting the warm surface water: In the closed cycle approach, warm surface water is piped into a facility to evaporate chemicals. These evaporated gases spin turbines to generate electricity. In the open cycle approach, warm surface water is evaporated in a vacuum, and its steam turns turbines and then is condensed by cold water. We can also harness energy from tides, waves and currents. Erecting dams accomplish tidal energy across the outlets of tidal basins. The incoming tide flows through sluices past the dam, and as the outgoing tide passes through the game, it turns turbines to generate electricity. The principle of wave energy is to harness the motion of wind-driven waves at the ocean’s surface and convert this mechanical energy into electricity. Powerful year-round ocean currents, like the ones in...
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...want to tell you about other kinds of power generator 1. Renewable energy like Wind power Hydropower, Solar energy, Biomass, Biofuel, Geothermal energy sound good, everything looks perfect But from the technology that we have today, It doesn’t make enough power to cover our need now It’s just an idea. It’s just our dream that may happen in the future It’s impossible to use on only that powers today The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables. What that mean? The only renewable energy that work now is hydropower 2 .Fossil based energy like fuel, petroleum, gas, coal cause pollution, harmful, global warming, Even though it is in normal process, it is not safe at all. And also it will run out soon. All I want to say is Nuclear reactor is not 100% safe, but it is the best way, it is the balance point that possibility and safety meet each others. Normally, nuclear reactor is perfect in anyway eg cost, no pollution, technology, possibility…..for now, except 2 things. 1. safety- meltdown, radiation 2. waste management The true is……….it is pretty safe and we can make it safer. Why? The true is there are more people suffer and die from other kinds of power generator than nuclear reactor. Especially, coal. They may die or health suffers from the destruction of coal mine or air pollution, water pollution from coal power plant that happen all around the world...
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...establish the following points and reasons that support my opinion: the functioning of a hydropower plant, the renewability and cleanness of the process and the advantages and limitations to hydropower development. Besides being a very clean energy source, the functioning of a Hydropower plant is not complicated at all. Hydropower dams are what convert the flow of water to electricity. What it does is that it stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through the penstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine, which is turned by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines...
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...countries had the highest percent of wind and hydroelectric energy consumed and generated domestically when considering all energy sources. 2009 data wind power Country | Total domestic electric generation | % of wind in domestic power generation | Wind Power Generation | Total energy consumption | % of total energy usage | Denmark | | | 34.2887 TWH | 54 | 18.62TWH | 33.958 TWH | 18.80 | Portugal | 46.826TWH | 33 | 15.37 TWH | 48.269 TWH | 14.91 | Germany | 546.7761 TWH | 6.71 | 36.71 TWH | 544.467 TWH | 6.74 | Spain | 274.693TWH | 4.75 | 13.07 TWH | 270.659 TWH | 13.26 | Greece | 57.5667 TWH | 4.20 | 2.42 TWH | 59.528 TWH | 4.05 | http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=37&aid=12&cid=regions&syid=2008&eyid=2010&unit=BKWH According to the Key World Energy Statistics prepared by the International Energy Agency the countries whose percent of hydroelectric power in domestic energy generation is the largest is Norway, Brazil, Venezuela, Canada, and Sweden. Our spreadsheet may have calculated other nations to have a higher percentage but because the total amount of electricity generated is relativity small we have negated those values. 2009 data hydro power Country | Total electric generation | % of hydro in total domestic electric generation | Hydro power generation | Total energy consumption | % of total...
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