...The power of the rise and fall of the sea level or tidal power, can be harnessed to generate electricity. Tidal Power Tidal power traditionally involves erecting a dam across the opening to a tidal basin. The dam includes a sluice that is opened to allow the tide to flow into the basin; the sluice is then closed, and as the sea level drops, traditional hydropower technologies can be used to generate electricity from the elevated water in the basin. Some researchers are also trying to extract energy directly from tidal flow streams. The energy potential of tidal basins is large — the largest facility, the La Rance station in France, generates 240 megawatts of power. Currently, France is the only country that successfully uses this power source. French engineers have noted that if the use of tidal power on a global level was brought to high enough levels, the Earth would slow its rotation by 24 hours every 2,000 years. Tidal energy systems can have environmental impacts on tidal basins because of reduced tidal flow and silt buildup. 3 Ways of Using the Tidal Power of the Ocean There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy. We can use the ocean's waves, we can use the ocean's high and low tides, or we can use temperature differences in the water. 1 Wave Energy Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine. In this simple example, (illustrated to the right) the wave rises into a chamber...
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...Introduction 4 2.0 Wave Energy Technologies – Spill Over /Overtopping Devices 5 2.1 Wave Capture Systems 5 2.2 Wave Dragon (Offshore) 6 2.3 Point Absorbers (Near/Offshore) 7 2.4 Oscillating Water Column (Nearshore) 7 2.5 Hinged Contour Devices (Near/Offshore) 8 2.6 Case Study – Pelamis DeviceI 9 2.7 Economic Appraisal 9 2.6 Non Technological Barriers - Environmental Impacts: 13 2.7 Non Technological Barriers - Social Impacts: 16 2.8 Miscellaneous Non Technological Barriers 16 2.9 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of wave energy 17 3.0 Tidal Stream Technologies 21 3.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines 21 3.2 Vertical Axis Turbines 22 3.3 Reciprocating devices (oscillating hydrofoils) 22 3.4 Venturi Effect Tidal Stream Devices 23 3.5 Economic Appraisal: 24 3.6 Non Technological Barriers – Socio-Economic & Environmental Impacts: 27 3.7 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of Tidal Stream energy. 29 3.8 Grid Integration: 30 3.8.1 Grid connection charges 30 3.8.2 Connection Charges. 30 3.9 Grid Connection. 30 3.9.1 Technological Barriers for Tidal Stream 31 3.10 Research and Development for future Irish Energy Strategies:. 37 4.0 Summary 41 5.0 Conclusion 41 5.1 Wave Energy: 42 5.2 Tidal Stream: 42 Bibliography 46 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to critically review the socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ocean Energy Technologies. ...
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...burning of fossil fuels . Ocean currents / tidal energy and photovoltaic energy would bring many benefits to Miami, Florida. These sources would work very well in Miami, Florida because Miami is a very big city, that is sunny most of the time. These are important factors because tidal energy has an energy efficiency percentage of 80 percent, according to the Ocean Energy Council, which means it can produce enough energy for a big city. Since Miami is sunny most of time, solar panels are able to produce the maximum energy possible because all they need to produce energy is direct...
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...Tidal Power What is tidal energy? * Tidal Energy is the utilization of the variations in sea level cause primarily by the gravitational effects of the moon, combined with the rotation of the Earth. * Tidal power is a way to generate electricity by taking energy from the sea. * Tidal power generation works differently to hydro-electricity, and wave power. * The tides contain energy that can be harnessed to produce electricity Some Tidal Plant’s are: * Tidal Fences are fences that block any channels that forces water to go through it and turn it’s turbines to generate electricity. * Barrage Tidal plants are the most common type of tidal plant. A dam or a barrage is installed usually when there is a narrow water channel with gates and turbines at certain points * Tidal Turbines work like an underwater wind turbine, using the tides to turn blades and generate electricity. How does it work? * Tidal Energy works more like hydro-electric scheme, except the dam is much more bigger. * A huge dam called a “barrage” is built across a rive estuary, and when the tide goes in and out, the water flow’s through tunnels in the dam. Advantages: * Once you’ve built it, tidal power is free * It produces no greenhouse gases or other water * It needs no fuel * It produces electricity reliably * It is not expensive to maintain * Tides are totally predictable * Offshore turbines and vertical-axis turbines are not really expensive...
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...types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat, andmechanical energy from the tides and waves. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world. Workers install equipment for an ocean thermal energy conversion experiment in 1994 at Hawaii's Natural Energy Laboratory. Credit: A. Resnick, Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. Ocean thermal energy is used for many applications, including electricity generation. There are three types of electricity conversion systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid. Closed-cycle systems use the ocean's warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. The vapor expands and turns a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity. Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator. And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems. Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while...
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...Lesson #14 These energy sources appear to be possible and positive renewable energy sources that need to be further developed. What are these three possible energy sources and what problems might be foreseen with their use? The coming decline of fossil fuel supplies and the increasing concern over air pollution and global climate change have convinced many people that we will need to shift to renewable energy sources that will not run out and will pollute far less. Ocean energy sources is that renewable energy source. It can sustain our civilization far into the future without greatly degrading our environment. And ocean energy can be harnessed by many different methods: There is a process called OTEC, based off the fact that each day the tropical oceans absorb an amount of solar radiation equivalent to the heat content of 250 billion barrels of oil. The ocean’s sun-warmed surface is higher in temperature than its deep water, and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is based on this gradient in temperature. There are two ways in getting the warm surface water: In the closed cycle approach, warm surface water is piped into a facility to evaporate chemicals. These evaporated gases spin turbines to generate electricity. In the open cycle approach, warm surface water is evaporated in a vacuum, and its steam turns turbines and then is condensed by cold water. We can also harness energy from tides, waves and currents. Erecting dams accomplish tidal energy across the outlets...
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...Assignment 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources for Generating Electricity Question 1 Define the following terms: a) Non-renewable resources Most developed nations are dependent on the non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power. It means that a resources that is replaced slowly by natural earth processes in such a way that once used by people, it will not be available again within a useful time frame. Example of non-renewable resources includes oil, coal, rocks, and minerals. b) Renewable resources Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environmental movement, both politically and economically. Energy obtained from renewable resources puts much less strain on the limited supply of fossil fuels (non-renewable resources).It mean that a resource that is quickly replaced or recycled by natural processes in a time frame that makes it useful for human consumption or use. Examples are include cotton, wood, solar energy, water. Some renewable resources have essentially an endless supply, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal pressure, while other resources are considered renewable even though some time or effort must go into their renewal, such as wood, oxygen, leather and fish. c) Hydroelectricity It is a renewable energy source where power is derived from the energy of water moving from higher to lower elevations. Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving...
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...solar and wind power. Recently, scientists created a new kind of renewable power which is tidal power. Tidal power is “the generation of electricity from the hydraulic energy that is produced by tidal currents of the ocean”(Culture&Morris,2006,p.449). This power depends on the gravitational tug from the moon which can produce a swift tide (Roach, 2003), and it basically works as an underwater windmills. There are many projects in different countries such as Norway, Scotland, United Kingdom, and United States. Most of these projects are under development, and still not ready for commercial uses. However, this power can be enormous, but we should think about the effects of this power in the marine environment, the costs, and the possibility to make it work. There are many projects in different countries. In United States, there are two companies which are trying to develop this power. The first one, Verdant Power, which made three experiments in New York City’s East River, found the success in providing a power enough to light a supermarket. The second company, Ocean Power, has several projects in California and Massachusetts, but the tidal power situation is still weak in United States because of a lack in government support. In Europe, things are slightly more advanced. France has the only utility-scale tidal power system in the world. Also, Norway has hosted a 300-kilowatt experimental tidal project for several years. Furthermore,...
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...Natural Energy Energy is the ability to perform work, forces, movements, etc ..., we cannot see it, just notice its effects. It happens allowing almost everything in the universe. When man evolved, he began to use energy in many different ways, most of the time this caused contamination and damage to nature because resources are used in a non-renewable way. Exploration for and production of petroleum have caused major detrimental impacts to soils, surface and ground waters, and the local ecosystems in the United States. These impacts arise primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of saline water produced with oil and gas, from accidental hydrocarbon and produced water releases, and from abandoned oil wells that were not correctly sealed, other examples are the Coal mine, particularly surface mining, requires large areas of land to be temporarily disturbed. This raises a number of environmental challenges, including soil erosion, dust, noise and water pollution, and impacts on local biodiversity. All these kind of energy are beginning to run out, an alternative to this type of energy is the natural one, also called organic, is obtained by the use of natural energy processes like the power of the sun, wind or water from rivers and the sea. Its advantages are many but among them are two: do not produce polluting wastes and they are inexhaustible. Within the natural energy are the following types of energy: Solar energy: Solar energy is guaranteed for the next...
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...Application of Ocean Wave Generator Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular...
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...one large nucleus or particle, and during this process, energy is released in the form of light and heat An example is in the Sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse (combine) together to make helium nuclei which releases energy. Fission- occurs when the nucleus of one big atom splits into 2 new atoms and a tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of light an heat. (nuclear reactor or interior of the earth, uranium nuclei split apart causing energy to be released) Some of the matter making up the nuclei is converted into energy E= mc^2 Energy = mass X (Speed of light)^2 Indicated that energy intrinsically stored in matter at rest equals its mass times the speed of light squared Suggests that an incredibly huge amount of energy is released when a small amount of matter is converted to energy Radiation Energy radiated or transmitted in the form of rays waves or particles Examples Visible light that can be seen by naked eye Infared radiation Ultraviolet radiation (UV) that cannot be ssen with naked eye Long wave radiation such as tv waves and radio waves Very short waves such as x-rays and gamma rays Electromagnetic radiation --Energy from sun that comes to earth in this form --A type of energy that oscillates side to side and is coupled with electric and magnetic fields that travel freely through space --composed of photons or particles of light which are sometimes referred to as packets of energy -- photons like all particles have properties of waves ...
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...Small Scale Hydropower • Solar Panels • Stirling Engines • Photovoltaic Energy Hydropower is the use of water to produce energy to power communities instead of the burning of natural resources. Modern wind-turbine generators are capable of producing more than 1 MW of electricity, and large wind installations have become common in many developed countries. Wind energy would reduce the burning of fossil fuels. Geothermal power plants use steam or hot water from geothermal reservoirs to turn turbines. Geothermal energy is the only clean source that can provide firm, predictable power on 24 hours per day, and it is in much greater amounts for a given installation than other renewable sources. Wave and tidal power is an emerging technology that has lagged in development because of the high relative cost of installation. The World Energy Council has estimated the worldwide wave-power resource to be 2 terawatts. Among the proposed designs for capturing wave power are oscillating water columns that use the up and down motion of waves to generate electricity, moored floating devices that capture the tension between a fixed point and the movement of the bobbing flotation device, and hinged contour devices that channel waves into an elevated reservoir, whose outflow is used to generate electricity. Using the cyclic daily movement of currents in and out of shoreline basins to turn turbines collects tidal power. These technologies could help developing countries by giving them...
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...Hydroelectric is a form of energy that’s used as a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of power plants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability...
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...tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.The tidal wave starts at the back of the forest and works its way toward the beach, meaning that if you are unable to run to another sector, you’re definitely going to drown. The wave is just too wide and too powerful to survive. Even if you happen to outrun it, you wind up running into more water. 58:53 Costume with Fire The costumes do not use real fires. According to the 'The Hunger Games' novel the flame effect was so startling and so unexpected that one would assume it was not produced with flapping, lit silk. This would not be feasible in a costume anyway. To make realistic fire one needs moving flames and light. Silk or tissue paper can certainly fill the role of flames, but for a fiery effect they need to be in constant motion. This would mean installing fans of some sort in the costume. 1:04:20 Archery "When an arrow is released, it produces a great kinetic energy that causes the arrow to bend right, then left, then right, then left again etc. until it hits the target. First, when the arrow is released, the string moves to the left causing the arrow to bend to the right, than...
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...Gokhale (b) B. G. Tilak (c) Sardar Patel (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 153. When was the Indian Constitution adopted? (a) 15th August, 1947 (b) 26th November, 1949 (c) 26th January, 1950 (d) 2nd October, 1952 154. Which one of the following is the smallest endocrine gland in human body ? (a) Adrenal (b) Thyroid (c) Pituitary (d) Pancreas 155. Double is a_______data type. (a) primitive (b) user defined (c) system defined (d) local 156. Yellow spots on citrus leaves is due to the deficiency of: (a) Zinc (b) Magnesium (c) Boron (d) Iron 157. Rangaswami Cup is associated with (a) Wrestling (b) Football (c) Hockey (d) Golf 158. The working of a rockets based on the principle of: (a) Conservation of momentum (b) Conservation of mass (c) Conservation of energy (d) Conservation of angular momentum www.sscportal.in Held on : 04.12.2011 Downloaded Form : http://sscportal.in Downloaded Form : http://sscportal.in Solved Papers 159. Which one of the following is a Wild Life Sanctuary ? (a) Jaldapara (b) Garumara (c) Corbett (d) Chapramari 160. The river which is used for inland waterways in India is . (a) Ganga (b) Cauveri (c) Mahi (d) Luni 161. The atmospheric layer closest to the earth is: (a) Mesosphere (b) Hydrosphere (c) Troposphere (d) Ionosphere 162. ‘Yellow Revolution’ is associated with the production of (a) Poultry (b) Gold (c) Sunflower (d) Oil seeds 163. Under the “Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme”, the amount of pension for those above 80 years has...
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