...Conscripts’ Rights Discrimination in Kazakhstani Army Turmaganbetov Azat ID 20122082 Academic Reading and Writing II (Section 2) Fall 2013 Abstract The research was conducted with a purpose to investigate and analyze the reasons of rights’ violation that conscripts face with in the army. Rising number of rights’ discrimination accidents causes the importance of the topic. The research included two interviews conducted with two man who are directly related to the army and conscripts’ rights violation and was conducted a survey among two different group of people as primary research and reading related academic articles as secondary research. The research revealed several problems such as physical violence, abuse of authority, helplessness and fear of punishment and possible ways to solve this problem that were found from the secondary research and some ways that were offered by the primary research participants. Reasons of conscripts’ rights discrimination in Kazakhstani army To date, the Kazakhstani army is experiencing a deep crisis. During recent years, a number of questions have been raised regarding the horrifying accidents that took place in Kazakhstani army. The main issue of those accidents is conscripts’ rights discrimination. It is a fact that Kazakhstani army has an experience of human rights’ violation and press makes publicized all sorts of events taking place in our army....
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...Did Britain’s victory in the Falklands War owe more to the superior training, élan and command structure of the British armed forces vis-à-vis the Argentinean conscript army than to Britain’s superior military technology? (2611 WORDS) The Falklands War was a conflict over what seemed an insignificant archipelago of islands in the South Pacific, 500 miles from the coast of Argentina and 8000 miles away from the British mainland. The conflict was the result of 149 years of unsuccessful diplomacy[1], which resulted in an Argentinean “recovery”[2] of what they held as the “Malvinas” islands. This led to the outbreak of the last successful conventional campaign of the twentieth century. After the Argentine surrender on June 14th of 1982, the debate of why and how the British achieved victory became prominent. Some believe that it resulted from better training, a more effective command structure and the thrust with which the British embarked on the campaign. Others judge that the victory was due to Britain’s superior military technology. This essay will explore the extent to which this idea was credible. The comparison between the British and Argentineans will be made. This war, which is described as “two bald men fighting over a comb”[3], will be examined in order to understand the combination of factors that resulted in British victory in the spring of 1982. In order to answer why the Argentineans’ attempt at repossession was unsuccessful, it is significant to look...
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...Bing: From farmer’s son to magistrate in Han China is the story of Bing Wu going from a simple farm boy to a magistrate in Han China. Bing lived in western Han China on a family farm, but he hated it and wished to leave. So when it was time for him to go and become a conscript laborer he happily went. When his time as a conscript laborer came to an end he went back to the family farm and when he got back he hated it even more, so when it came time for him to become a soldier he left willingly once again. As soldier he was on the defense line in the north. While on his time as a soldier some of the most important things he learned to read and write a little. Once his time as soldier ends Bing is sent back to the farm, shortly after arriving...
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...Topics in Comparative Russian Politics Army of Russia. To Serve or Not to Serve –Russian Young Men Uneasy Dilemma In Russia February 23, the Defender of the Fatherland Day is an official holiday for those who currently serve or have already accomplished their duty in armed forces. It used to be called the Soviet Army Day. Then our army was victorious, strong, and renowned for defeating a powerful enemy in the World War II. Now there is no world war, no Soviet Union anymore, but the country refuses to abandon the old Soviet system and still maintains compulsory army conscription for all men of the ages between 18 and 27. Existing military system that conscripts every young man of the country, often against their will, is very costly, greatly disliked in the society, and creates unavoidable disorders among discontented, forced to serve men. Much has changed since the soviet times, and people’s definitely positive attitude towards the national army is no exception. Today’s population has almost evenly divided into those who are for obligatory army and those who are in opposition to it, agreeing that serving should be a matter of personal choice (Levada Center Research) Nearly every second Russian with no trouble can name a number of reasons for their negative feelings about the national army. Today there are three major problems, accumulated and deepening through time, to be faced by reformers. 1) Insufficient financing Some critics claim that all the problems in the...
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...Translate the following text into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the ways of rendering personal names at the end of the text. MANIFESTO AGAINST CONSCRIPTION AND THE MILITARY SYSTEM In the name of humanity, for the sake of all civilians threatened by war crimes, especially women and children, and for the benefit of Mother Nature suffering from war preparations and warfare, We, the undersigned, plea for the universal abolition of conscription as one major and decisive step towards complete disarmament. We remember the message of 20th century-humanists: "It is our belief that conscript armies, with their large corps of professional officers, are a grave menace to peace. Conscription involves the degradation of human personality, and the destruction of liberty. Barrack life, military drill, blind obedience to commands, however unjust and foolish they may be, and deliberate training for slaughter undermine respect for the individual, for democracy and human life. It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will, or without conviction as to the justice of their action. The State which thinks itself entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay proper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable...
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...Essentially, it meant the use of armed force to topple the Dweller leader and his or her city guards and whatever garrisons of RGA and Adelburger crews that happened to be stationed for the defense. Due to this, it resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, but more so in the case of the Union, as their attacking forces consisted of inexperienced Dweller conscripts who were too unlucky enough to get involved in the fighting. Much more than being inexperienced, they were poorly armed and equipped, and sometimes forced to go up against more experienced and veteran Adelburgers. The sight of a line formation of Adelburgers wearing coat scuttle helmets and Fackelträger suits, armed to the teeth with the German World War II armaments supplied by Adelburger Schäffer, was downright scary and...
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...Modern Diet and Metabolic Variance The objective of the research is to propose a physiological rationale for the positive correlation between alanine transaminase activity and body mass. Body weight status is determined with reference to the body mass index. Those with a BMI ranging between 18-24.99 kg/m2 are considered healthy. Individuals falling within the 25.00-29.99 kg/m2 category are classified as overweight while obesity is reserved for those reaching or exceeding a body mass index of 30 kg/m2. A well-documented example of metabolically driven weight gain exists physiologically. When females approach menarche, their bodies attempt to conserve energy via the development of adequate adipose tissue reserves. This metabolic phenomenon has also evolved to accumulate enough energy stores that in the event of conception, adequate resources would be available to sustain pregnancy It is likely that metabolic processes that drive weight gain are multiplicative, employing a variety of different pathways of energy metabolism. An earlier paper published on this topic identified the hepatic enzyme, alanine transaminase, as a strongest predictor of body mass index of all observed variables. It is possible to deduce that individuals with higher levels of the enzyme may be more efficient at alanine recycling. In these individuals, it seems likely that a greater portion of the substrate, in this case alanine, is reversibly converted back into pyruvate. This may result in a greater...
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...Australia's government of Robert Menzies was sending the first combat troops to Vietnam in May 1965, with the reason that this action was in Australia's national interest to “involve the United States in Southeast Asia and that Australian participation in the Vietnam conflict would encourage this.“ The previous leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), Arthur Calwell opposed conscription, which was announced in November 1964, as well as the dispatch of troops to Vietnam and encouraged demonstrations and movements on the streets after the Parliamentary Labor Party endorsed Calwell's commitment that a Labor Government would withdraw conscripts from Vietnam 'without delay' and regular forces 'as soon as...
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...Men In War Name University 1. Introduction All recruited rookie conscripts can be generally divided into two categories. Neither religious, nor political affiliations are the criterions. The future soldiers are automatically divided into two groups. The first group, are those who want to go to the war, and the second, are those conscripts who detest the idea of landing on the enemy’s territory, taking a rifle, and joining the combat zone, eliminating the enemy soldiers. The reasons for this diverging demeanor are evident. The first batch regards the upcoming combats as the opportunity to reach masculinity and the way to become real men. An ingrained prejudice among many Americans is that the true man is the one who served in the military and took part in the combat operations. However, the revelations of those United States and their Allies soldiers who were summoned to protect the welfare of the USA during the Civil War, the First World War, and the World War II have indicated that sometimes the notion that a boy becomes a man during the war is nothing but a myth. This paper outlines the expectations and the results obtained by the soldiers of different nationalities, religions and cultures, who experienced the Civil War, Word War I, and the World War II respectively and explains the reasons of their ultimate opinions. 2. The Civil War The Civil War in the United States of America is known to be one of the most bloody and atrocious wars, which the mankind...
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...The Satsuma rebellion was a revolt of Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government from January 29 to September 24, 1877, 9 years into the Meiji Era. It was the last, and the most serious, of a series of armed uprisings against the new government. Although the Satsuma Domain had been one of the key players in the Meiji Restoration, and although many men from Satsuma had risen to influential positions in the new Meiji government, there was growing dissatisfaction with the direction the country was taking. The modernization of the country meant the abolition of the privileged social status of the samurai class, and had undermined their financial position. The very rapid and massive changes to Japanese culture, language, dress and society appeared to many samurai to be a betrayal. Saigō Takamori, one of the senior Satsuma leaders in the Meiji government who had supported the reforms in the beginning, was especially concerned about growing political corruption. Saigo offered to go to korea and spur a war. A war would not only spur the strengthening of Japan's military, but would restore to the samurai their reason to be. When the plan was rejected, Saigō resigned from all of his government positions in protest and returned to his hometown of Kagoshima, as did many other Satsuma ex-samurai in the military and police forces. To help support and employ these men, in 1874 Saigō established a private academy in Kagoshima. Word of Saigō’s academies was greeted with considerable concern...
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...Indeed, in 1971 James confessed that The Black Jacobins was but a means to the end of revolution in Africa: “Now, what did I have in mind when I wrote this book? I had in mind writing about the San Domingo Revolution as the preparation for (...) the revolution in Africa” ([my emphasis], cit. in Scott 72). On the other hand and concerning French radical historiography, Lefevbre’s anaylsis of the French Revolution is pervasive in the footnotes of The Black Jacobins, whereas apropos of Michelet James claims that the latter’s work was “the best preparation for understanding what actually happened in San Domingo” (384). In stark contrast with the undeniable relevance of these influences on The Black Jacobins (by James own admission), in his Conscripts of Modernity Scott barely devotes two pages to the treatment of the Pan-Africanist movement in Britain (27-8, while paradoxically describing this process as “very important”), plus two additional pages in the endnotes (230-1). This, however, does not prevent Scott from spotting the most relevant aspects of such influence: one the one hand, he actually quotes at length the above citation concerning the African Revolution (231) and, on the other, on the same page he further admits to James’s having written a play called Toussaint L’Ouverture in 1936, only to subsequently (but symptomatically) change its name to ‘The Black Jacobins’. Sadly, this crucial information is relegated to a single endnote and as such, it is clear o me that this information...
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...Not surprisingly, the Confederacy needed to resort to conscription much earlier than the Union, which had a larger population, among many other advantages during the war. Originally the Confederacy enlisted volunteer soldiers for one year periods. In 1862, the South began conscripting white men between eighteen and thirty-five. A newspaper clipping of the time read: “NOTICE TO CONSCRIPTS: to all persons between the age of 18 and 40. General order 82 March 3 1862” SOURCE Similar to the soldiers during colonial times, many of these young 18 year old soldiers had never had a day of training in their life. They faced several hardships and encountered many things they were not accustomed to. In a letter to his brother, a Confederate conscript described a long march from Richmond 13 August 1862: "It is the hardest work on the feet I ever tried ... there was plenty of the boys that there feet was as raw as a piece of beef when we got here." SOURCE As the war progressed and the South became more desperate, the age limit was expanded to sixteen and fifty. “General order 33 – The Bureau of Conscripts will proceed to enroll persons between the ages of 17 and 18 years and between the ages of forty five and fifty. Also similar to previous compulsory service, there were exemptions. The exemptions included officers of the state and those who ran valuable industries in the South as demonstrated by the news articles such as “Exemption of state officers april 9th 1864” The South was...
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...corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment Unemployment rate: 6% (2011 est.) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 17.8% Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.79 years, male: 69.24 years, female: 76.53 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (2012 est.) Military branches: Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil (MB), includes Naval Air and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011) Military service age and obligation: 21-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 9 to 12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became...
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...Distortion is the military and defense industry and their interest in increasing the spending for mobilization and defense. Hudson states because the two industries are so big they make it hard for common citizens' voices to be heard. This is a strong argument for the reason that big and rich industry can influence government policy and have. Hudson also talks about how professional soldiers because more harm to democracy than conscript soldiers. Hudson believes that professional soldiers are more loyal to the commanding officers than the constitution. This belief Hudson possesses is hard to agree with. Soldiers either professional or conscript promise to protect their country and most soldiers would never cause harm to the country they love the most even if they have made a career of being in the...
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...On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. America, which up to this point was just a bystander, suddenly turned into the epicenter of one of the bloodiest wars in the history of mankind. Four years of the war mobilized over 16 million Americans. However, straight away there were serious problems revealed that could cast doubt on the combat readiness of the American army: half of all conscripts were found unfit for military service because they did not weigh enough. Millions of young Americans were too emaciated to fight. They all were children of the Great Depression; their childhood and youth fell in the hard years of a lack of food. The 1930’s were the hardest time for the country. People had no job, no money to buy their meals. On...
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