...Personality Does Not Matter to Marketing Practitioners: A Debate It is said that Albert Einstein had a sign hanging in his office at Princeton University that read “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.” Often unseen qualitative factors play a strong role in a customer’s perception of your product or service: and they certainly do count. But they’re often overlooked simply because they can’t be counted. Consumer Personality is one such facet that is a qualitative aspect which is taken into account by marketers. But the big question that we are trying to address is that does personality matters really? It this over hyped or is there any benefit associated with it as well. A patient who is visiting a healthcare center with a serious health concern is looking for compassion and security in knowing that he is in good hands .If only medicine is what he was coming for then personality would have said that it doesn’t matter. Consumer Personality: -As characterized by Schiffman and Kanuk, identity might be characterized as "The inner psychological attributes which both determine and reflect how a person behaves and responds to his or her environment.” The attention lies on the "internal attributes" – the qualities and properties which recognize one single person from the other. Researchers have identified personality characteristics which are Potential Describers of Consumer Segments. * Locus of control * Coping styles ...
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...Attitudes Attitudes, Job Attitudes, Personality and Values Attitudes Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events Cognitive Component The opinion or belief segment of an attitude Affective Component The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude Behavioral Component An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something 1 2 Nature of Evaluations Underpinning Attitudes • Attitudes not represented on single continuum e.g. totally +ve to totally –ve • Rather, evaluate attitude objects on both positive and negative dimensions (Cacioppo et al 1977) – – – – positive attitude = Hi +ve reaction & Lo -ve reaction negative attitude= Lo +ve reaction & Hi –ve reaction indifference = Lo +ve reaction & Lo –ve reaction ambivalence = Hi +ve reaction & Hi –ve reaction The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes Individuals seek to reduce this gap, or “dissonance” Desire to reduce dissonance depends on: • Importance of elements creating dissonance • Degree of individual influence over elements • Rewards involved in dissonance 4 • Since evaluations of attitude objects ‘automatic’ some consider attitude formation to be a reflex e.g. Chaiken et al., 1996 – But range of personal and social factors influence nature of our evaluations Measuring the A-B Relationship Recent research indicates that attitudes (A) significantly predict...
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...initiated to search for new substitutes of foreign trade when China was sanctioned by many capitalist countries and most of China’s trade allies and diplomatic relations were socialist nations. During the past 59 years, 59 times of Canton Fairs were held and were widely regarded as a milestone to China’s development of its external economic relations. They represented not only the impressive achievement of trade volume, but also emerged the development from a planned to a market-oriented economy. As a student from GDUFS SEIB school, each of us are required to join the internship in Canton Fair, and are distributed into very different work positions. What would those junior students learn from their maybe first internship? What further impact does this Canton Fair internship have on them? This paper begins with a literature review on personality measurement and on self-growth and personal development, then...
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...tended to submit CV’s that contained very limited information. He thus hypothesised that all applicants from Northwest submit incomplete CV’s. | 1.2 Ethics in research | A researcher is interested in studying the reasons why managers in Company Y are severely burnt out. She has read about an American study addressing the same issue of manager burnout and decided to copy that study in South Africa. Company Y has also provided her with sufficient funds to conduct the research. Prior to the research, the researcher sent e-mails to all the managers of Company Y and stated that the standard of their work are below average because of the fact that they experience severe burnout, and that they will be receiving surveys on this matter soon. As this is a serious matter to the company all managers must complete the surveys, and they will experience dire consequences if they failed to do so. The surveys will be in electronic format and after completion the managers are expected to send the completed questionnaires to the CEO of Company Y. The researcher will collect the surveys, analyse the data, and then supply the CEO with the results obtained from the study. | 1.3 Referencing | 1.3.1 Jakobson, R. 1959. On linguistic aspects of translation. (In Venuti, L., ed. 2004. The translation studies reader. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 138-143).1.3.2 Capstick, S., Fleming, H. & Hurne, J. 2004. Implementing peer assisted learning in higher education: the experience of a new university...
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...Personality Assessment Organizational Behavior Part 1. Understanding own personality is definitely an important task. It is not easy to do for most people, but at the same time there is almost no chance of succeeding in life, no matter what particularly does a person hold under that, without at least trying to understand oneself. The main tool here is a constant assessment of your personality, its scales and traits, your behavior in different situations and under various circumstances. Analyzing these information and trying to learn from gained experience should produce a better understanding of what a person you are and what things in life are the most preferable for you. Most importantly, such assessment and analysis should point out character’s weaknesses that are supposed to be eliminated or at least fixed in some way. The process of self-improvement, which consists of improving personality’s better sides and fixing any weak traits, will make it sufficiently easier to communicate with other people, either in the work setting or in the personal life. I think that self-assessment is never perfect, while it’s done by a human being, because person’s feelings and emotions interfere in one way or another. Nevertheless, when a person is deliberately trying to be objective, the assessment might be rather accurate. One of my personality’s strengths is high openness to experience. In my knowledge it was confirmed not only by questionnaires and...
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...Joseline Sanchez Reading Chapter 4 and 5 of Ultimate Questions The point of this assignment is for you to compare and contrast your view of the philosophical issues of free will and personal identity with the philosophical theories explained by the author of your textbook. After you read each chapter, take some time to check the statement that comes closest to your view (and summarizes a philosophical theory explained by the author). Free will or determinism? When I think about the extent of my freedom to choose in life, I believe that human beings are False absolutely free to choose whatever path in life seems best to them (libertarianism) True are sometimes free, but sometimes have their choices shaped by social, cultural and psychological forces over which they have no control (soft determinism – traditional compatibilism) False are choosing freely only if what it is they say they want is something whose consequences they understand and is a goal or desire that is genuinely good for them (deep self-compatibilism) False are completely determined in all their choices by what has come before – their biology, social forces, etc. (hard determinism) Please explain in a few sentences here why you selected the option you did. Raise at least one question about the position you have taken. I have taken the position of soft determinism because while I believe we have free will- I believe that our free will is limited by probability. I do however wonder...
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...UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICE AMONG THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE SOUTH TONGU DISTRICT OF VOLTA REGION, GHANA DANIEL KWASI GAMELI AVUGLA JULY, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICE AMONG THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE SOUTH TONGU DISTRICT OF VOLTA REGION, GHANA DANIEL KWASI GAMELI AVUGLA (B.ED BUSINESS EDUCATION, ACCOUNTING OPTION) A Thesis in the Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of EDUCATIONAL STUDIES Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, University of Education, Winneba, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for award of the Master of Philosophy (M. Phil Guidance & Counselling) degree JULY, 2011 DECLARATION STUDENT’S DECLARATION I, DANIEL KWASI GAMELI AVUGLA declare that this Thesis, with the exception of quotations and references contained in published works which have all being identified and duly acknowledged, is entirely my own original work, and it has not been submitted, either in part or whole for another degree elsewhere SIGNATURE: ............................................................................. DATE: ......................................................................................... SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work...
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...describes the environment that people live in including each person’s own experiences within their family but also their experiences in the larger world and within their community. Human beings are programmed response in every sense of the word. We learn everything that we are from others. We are not born with knowledge or personality; we acquire those from society-at-large. As an example; if, at the moment you were born, you were exchanged with a baby being born in Ethiopia, and your skin, hair, and eyes were altered to that of other Ethiopians, you would grow up and be an entirely different person. Your taste in food, music, dress, and all your aspects of culture would be entirely different from who you are today. If the two of you were to meet as adults, neither would recognize similar behavioral attributes in the other. Each of you would have entirely different personalities. Genetically, you may have the same physical attributes/propensities, but you would have developed them differently, dependent on the physical requirements of your lifestyle. Environmental factors such as food, living-conditions, and healthcare, would have affected your overall appearance, attitude, and physiology. You would experience each other as total strangers. You would each talk differently, dress differently, and have...
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...Please answer all questions in this exam. Answers to the multiple choice questions need to be filled in on the scantron sheets (remember to use pencil to fill in the circles) and also circled on the exam itself. Answers to the short answer questions should go in the exam booklet provided. All three components (scantron sheets, exam booklets, paper copy of exam) should be turned in at the conclusion of the exam. This exam consists of 25 multiple choice questions, 10 true/false questions and 2 short answer essay questions – you must answer ALL questions. The exam consist of 9 pages (including cover sheet) Name: ___________________________________________________________ Student #: ___________________________________ Question | Grade | 25 multiple choice questions(2 points each) | /50 | 10 true/false questions(1 point each) | /10 | Essay question #1 | /20 | Essay question #2 | /20 | Total: | /100 | Note that all page numbers refer to the 8th edition of John and Saks SECTION 1: Multiple choice questions (25 questions x 2 points each = 50 points total) Answer all multiple-choice questions. Circle the ONE best answer to the question, and fill it in on your scantron sheet. Make sure you indicate only one letter. If you change your mind, ensure it is clear which alternative is your answer. Place this question sheet and your scantron sheet inside your blue book when you turn in your exam. 1. Which of the following is not a concern of the field...
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...the benefits that may be derived from the results of the investigation. Part Four, Definition of Terms, presents the operation and conceptual meanings of the important terms used in the study. Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the scope and coverage of the study. Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study “After college, what’s next?” It is the foremost question faced by college students especially the 4th year graduating students. The students are still confused on where, when and what job to apply after graduation. The great part of an individual’s life is spent in his career or vocation and usually satisfaction is made through his occupation or career. His ability to make something work or valuable contribution to his society by success or achievements. Education is a continuous process. It begins at the cradle and ends at the grave. Therefore, careful and wise choice of career is a necessity to our students today, because a wrong choice of a career sometimes results in misplacement, unemployment, and dissatisfaction. Work produces satisfaction. It should be congenital to the...
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...Negotiation. Why do ethics matter? How would you apply ethics within the context of your Negotiation Final Project for this course? Ethics are the social principles or gauge whether some body is following the set social standards or not. The role of these social or ethical standards is very important in any type of negotiation for both parties. This gives the chance for both parties to know the tactics which are being used are deceptive, ethical or unethical and then help them examining the ethical tones and aid them in decision making. This also help both parties distinguish among different criteria, or standards, for judging and evaluating a negotiator’s actions, particularly when questions of ethics might be involved. In my final project, I will choose and react to the other party by keeping in mind the following mix of approaches. • Choose a course of action on the basis of results I expect to achieve (e.g., greatest return on investment). • Choose a course of action on the basis of my personal convictions (e.g., what my conscience tells me to do). 2. What motivates unethical behavior in negotiations? What are the potential consequences? How can negotiators deal with the other party's use of deception? When one party or individual want to secure his own establish outcome ignoring other party interest motivates unethical behavior. The unethical behavior outcome also depends on how high are the party stakes, competitiveness, culture orientation etc. What are the potential consequences...
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...A Comparison of Ten Things I Hate About You and Taming of the Shrew Summary: Examines the effect of social and cultural constraints on characters in Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare and Ten Things I Hate About You, a film based on the bard's play. ________________________________________ The story of The Taming of the Shrew is one that raises important issues both in the Shakespearean text and in the modern appropriation 10 Things I Hate About You. How does each composer's use of this story reflect the time in which each was composed" The Taming of the Shrew was written in the Elizabethan Era in England at a time when men were considered to be superior to women. The patriarchal society of this time is reflected to a large extent in the text and various implications of traditional values can be noted. The modern appropriation, Ten Things I Hate About You, goes along the same story line however it is quite evident that the different context has a significant impact upon the content. The most obvious indicator of the type of society is given through the medium that each text is presented in. The Taming of the Shrew is a play and was staged for audiences during the early 17th century. The fact that Shakespeare chose to write a play rather than, say, a comic strip or screenplay, indicated that it was the most popular form of entertainment at the time. The best way for Shakespeare to have his work known was through the most popular form of entertainment. The language...
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...of leadership in motivation Mistakes leaders make True leadership Conclusion and recommendations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Big companies have great ideas as the basis of their foundations. An idea can be a random thought of a quick plan, but a great idea comes from right approach to keen observation and broad vision. When we say idea, first thought prompts in, is a general snapshot/overview of the scenario around the object we are thinking about, and this thinking process involves identification, observation and planning (What? Where? When? How? Now! ). It was that easy to define this process, it is not that simple to apply it for achieving the status of being BIG. For big companies, a great idea needs an equally consistent and classic application which calls for a great effort and resistant ability in people’s personality. A resistant power towards the word impossible. They resist and ignore it. Great ideas grow in great minds, those great minds if, possess a personality trait of ‘’make it happen’’, comes out to be a LEADER! INTRODUCTION This assignment covers the topics for motivation, the types, its control, applications and how it has a relationship with leadership. I have also spoken about how it affects the employees and their morale. The organization I will be talking about is RELIANCE. I am a big follower of the first CEO of the firm Mr. Dhirubhai Ambani. He was in true form a great leader and motivator. Since analysis and theories have been identified related to a successful...
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...unresolved. Many theorists believe what we have inherited and our genes, makes us the way we are and how we develop. Other theorists believe it is the way we are brought up and our experiences, that make us the way we are and how we develop. Physical The way we look can be argued to be mainly due to nature. The genes we inherit from our parents make the basis of we look. For example, people often say ‘Don’t you look like your father/mother?’ Genetic inheritance can determine our eye colour, whether we have straight or curly hair or how tall we will be. We can also inherit certain disease which can seriously impact on our health. However, we can make decisions on how we look and change our appearance. There are many different cosmetic procedures available to alter our appearance. How we live our life and the choices we make can also have an impact on how we look. For example, eating junk food and not exercising can lead to obesity. The environment we are brought up in and the experiences we have, can influence our health which contributes to physical development. An example of how nature and nurture affect our physical development is; we may carry genes that increase our risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but if we eat a healthy diet and get sufficient exercise, we may not develop the disease. The genes for characteristics we inherit are called genotypes. The actual express of these characteristics are phenotypes. The phenotypes are what decide our physical traits such as;...
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...CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 10 l Classroom Assessment LE ARNI NG OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define assessment; 2. Explain the basic concepts in assessment; 3. Explain how to plan for assessment; 4. Describe types of assessment in the classroom; 5. Explain what is teacher-made tests; 6. Describe what is standardized tests; and 7. Explain what is authentic assessment. 254 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 10 l CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION One of the most basic and difficult task that teachers face in their work is the process of assessment. Classroom assessment includes all the process involved in making decisions about students learning progress. It includes the observation of students’ written work, their answers to questions in class, and performance on teacher-made and standardized tests. According to (Koyalik, 2002 as cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2004): i. It facilitates teachers in decision making about learning progress through systematic information gathering. Besides that, assessment also accomplishes two other important goals; increasing learning and increasing motivation. The relationship between learning and assessment is very strong. Students learn more in classes where assessment is an integral part of instruction than in those where it isn’t. Brief assessment that provides frequent feedback about learning progress is more effective than long, infrequent ones, like once-a-term tests. 255 255 CLASSROOM...
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