...Career is an important aspect in an individual’s life, it is important to equip an individual with skills and understanding to make an appropriate career transition and support them throughout life. This is essential for an effective functioning of an economy and also for individual well - being. The job of career guidance counselling is thus very important. By facilitating successful transitions into paid employment, high quality careers guidance can also help ameliorate social deprivation and poverty: The role of career guidance is vital as there are mounting evidence suggests that an individual’s level of consumption, self-esteem, social-status, and even happiness depend to a large extent on not just income, but also social status, associated with occupational attainment. (Brown, Sessions and Taylor, 2004, p 20) This is one offered by Arthur et al (1989) who proposed that career is ‘the evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time’ (p8).It plays a role in raising career expectations and aspirations of pupils (Brown et al, 2004) and may also enhance broader school effectiveness (Killeen et al, 1999). Osipow and Fitzgerald (1996) postulate that the concept of career has recently undergone a transformation (p50) and distinguish between career choice as a point-in-time ‘event’ and a developmental ‘process’ over a longer period of time (p54). Whilst acknowledging that broader definitions (which include life roles and life span) have emerged, they suggest a more...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Education is the key that unlocks the door to development. Ghana as a developing country has never relented in her efforts to draw up educational programmes to meet the changing demands, needs and aspirations of her citizens as well as the nation as a whole since independence in 1957. The first initiative in education taken by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was the Associated Development Plan that aimed at ensuring that every child of school going age (i.e. 6 years) receives fee free basic education. Education was therefore seen as a process of helping an individual to develop his abilities, interests potentialities and talents to the optimum so as to be useful to himself or herself and the nation as a whole. As the individuals develop fully their cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills and contribute meaningfully towards the development of the nation, then it can be confirmed that the assertion is true. In September 1987, the Peoples’ National Defence Congress (PNDC) government implemented the New Educational Reforms Programme with the ultimate aim of eradicating the defects in the old educational system. The main objectives of the Reform among other things include: 1. To reduce the period of basic education to 9 years (primary 6 JHS – 3 year). 2. To raise the quality of basic education to give all children some secondary education. 3. To encourage practical programmes which lead to the acquisition of skills for...
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...GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING Dr. Santhosh Areekkuzhiyil Asst. Professor, Govt. College of teacher Education, Thalassery, Kerala 9447847053 santhoshclt@gmail.com Teachers as helping professionals have to come across many situations which demand guidance and counselling help from them. Students require counselling and guidance. Now a day the guidance and counselling is an integral part of teaching. In this lesson we will discuss meaning, types and importance of guidance and counselling. GUIDANCE Guidance is a personalised assistance made readily available by a sympathetic, mature, experienced and personally qualified person to a needy person. A variety of definitions are available for guidance. “Guidance is a process of helping individual’s through his own efforts to discover and develop their potentialities for personal happiness and social usefulness” -Moris “Guidance as kinds of help given by one person to another in developing ability, making adjustments and problems that confront him in attainment of his goals” - Jones Guidance is an ‘umbrella term’ involving several functions such as publications, information, institutions, testing, counselling services, etc. Guidance is not carrying others burden, but enabling them to carry their burden themselves. Types of Guidance 1. Educational Guidance Educational guidance is aimed to help students to solve their problems related to education at different levels of education...
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...Divya Srivastava THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELLOR School counselling is a branch of applied psychology that deals with problems or behaviours that interfere with the academic progress or social acceptance of children in the school system. School counsellors assess cognitive functioning and identify mental retardation, giftedness, developmental delays, instructional difficulties, and learning disabilities. They recommend educational programs; assess behavioural and emotional problems, and support parents and teachers. They also deal with the full spectrum of social problems including family violence, peer interactions, substance abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and the influences of these problems on school functioning. School counsellors act as a screening and referral resource for a wide range of medical, social, and emotional disorders that interfere with academic functioning. In general, school counsellors study behaviour, protect and promote mental health, and apply the principles of psychology to improve school adjustment and learning. Specific services, however, depend on the competencies of the school counsellor and the needs of the particular school system being served (Koe, 1991). For instance, the school where I was placed for my field-work had a school counsellor who also had to fulfil the role of a special educator and a remedial teacher as and when the need arose. School counsellors are employed for the purpose of providing specialized support for students with exceptional...
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...CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN MALAYSIA: DEVELOPMENT AND TRENDS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Quek Ai Hwa University of Malaya Career Guidance and Counselling in Malaysia: Development and Trends Assoc. Prof. Dr. Quek Ai Hwa Education Faculty, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract This paper extends a comprehensive presentation of career guidance and counselling in Malaysia by addressing development and trends, which may have implications for Asian counsellors. Attention is drawn on career guidance development in Malaysia which spanned over four decades of practice starting with its introduction into the educational system and progressing as a social service in the Malaysian society. Discussion proceeds onto the modernity impact of society on career guidance together with reviewing factors like policy legislation aimed at legitimising counselling practice including career counselling to-date in Malaysia. Given the prevalence of information technology (IT) and rapid changes in labour market conditions (including work culture as well as structure) brought about by science and technology (S&T) in many Asian countries including Malaysia, it is relevant to discuss some of the challenges to Asian career counsellors in general and with special reference to Malaysian counterparts. These challenges include preparedness of counsellors to handle career cases in societies which are in transition from production oriented to technology...
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...Assessment for Career Counselor Name: Lecturer: Course Name: Date Assessment for Career Counselor Introduction Career assessment is a process of assessing a person’s interests, skills, personality traits, and values. A person can discover what career suits them best by taking an assessment. If a person’s scores are high in all the areas of assessment, they are assured the job suits them. A career evaluation process involves completing career assessments. These assessments are usually administered by a career counselor. The assessments are not tests since there are no right or wrong answers. The assessment allows a person to see their scores in various careers based on how they answer questions regarding their interests, skills, values and personality traits. Most people use this as a means to make solid career choices (Deborah, 2013). Process of Assessment Standardization is a way to establish uniform procedures to be used in an assessment. Assessment results should be as objective as possible in order to be considered valid and meaningful. Standardized assessment can be ensured by procedures before, during and after testing. (American Speech- Language-Hearing Association, 2015) Before Testing Test developers should provide evidence of what the test measures and the strengths and limitations of the test including the level of precision of test scores. The content and skills that are to be tested are selected and the tests are developed. The students should well prepared...
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...Existential counselling is a philosophical form of counselling which addresses the situation of a person's life and situates the person firmly within the predictable challenges of the human condition. Existential counselling considers human living to take place within four dimensions: physical, social, psychological and spiritual. It shows each of these dimensions to be constituted like a force field, within which predictable paradoxes, tensions and dilemmas play out. Human beings can learn to deal with these tensions and conflicts more effectively by facing up to the negatives as well as the positives of their lives, including the tensions of life and death, love and hate, strength and weakness and meaning and absurdity. Best known authors on existential counselling are Irvin Yalom in the USA through his book Existential Psychotherapy (1981) New York: Basic Books and Emmy van Deurzen, who created the British School and who published her bookExistential Counselling and Psychotherapy in 1988 (London: Sage Publications; second edition 2002, third edition 2011). Existential therapy essentially helps deal with the problems of everyday living, such as relationship difficulties (both with Individuals & in Couple Therapy), anxiety/fear, food/body-image issues, addictions, mood disorders, social anxiety, panic, trauma, low self-esteem, unresolved childhood issues, sexual issues and others. It is a clear, direct and honest approach helping clients work on their particular, unique...
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...Guidance and Counselling plays integral part in both teaching and learning and must be given the necessary attention in all educational endeavors. Guidance and Counselling activities should be pivotal in our curriculum and also must be given the necessary attention in our educational set up to assist students. Guidance and Counselling must therefore be carefully designed and well executed at every level of the educational ladder especially at the basic school level. It is an open secret that students in Ghana face myriad of challenges which militate against their academic, career and socio personal progress in school due to the absence quality guidance and counseling services. Throwing more light on the concept of guidance, Miller F.W (1978) in his book Guidance principles and services sees guidance as all the activities engaged in by the School that are primarily aimed at assisting an individual to make, carry out adequate plans and to achieve satisfactory adjustment in all aspects of his daily life. Supporting the above definition, George and Cristiani (1986) in their book Counselling theory and Practice stated that Counselling is a relationship between a professionally trained counselor and an individual seeking help in gaining greater self-understanding, improved decision-making skills, behavior change and skills for problem solving. Reading through the above definitions of the concept of Guidance and Counselling over and over again makes me wonder whether our stakeholders...
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...Career education encompasses the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes through a planned programme of learning experiences in education and training settings that will assist students to make informed decisions about their study and or work options and enable them to participate effectively in working life. Career education should be intentional, developmental, comprehensive, and available to all students . According to Watts and Vanesbroeck (1998 ) ,career education plays a key role in helping labour markets work and education systems meet their goals. It also promotes equity: recent evidence suggests that social mobility relies on wider acquisition not just of knowledge and skills, but of an understanding about how to use them. In this context, the mission of career guidance is widening, to become part of lifelong learning. Already, services are starting to adapt, departing from a traditional model of a psychology-led occupation interviewing students about to leave school. According to Herr and Cramer (1982) Career guidance in general, is a systematic program of processes, techniques, or services designed to assist an individual to understand and to act on self-knowledge and knowledge of opportunities in work, education, and leisure and to develop the decision making skills by which one can create and manage one's career development. Such services may be found in schools, universities, and colleges, in training institutions, in public employment services, in the...
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...and functions in counselling and in so doing the writer highlights the expected roles of counsellors and their functions in Nigerian Schools. GENERAL BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF STUDY Guidance and Counselling, as an educational service and academic discipline, has received much more public attention in Nigeria than any other field of education in the last one or two decades. Speeches have been made by various public officers in education (both Federal , and State), educationists, and private individuals alike, and all have addressed the need to revamp Nigeria's educational system with a more productive and functional type that incorporates guidance and counselling. In a landmark address delivered at the 1976 launching ceremony of the Counselling Association of Nigeria (CAN), Colonel (Dr.) Ahmadu All, then Federal Commissioner of Education, stated, inter alia: Guidance and counselling is an educational innovation that enjoys my full support. Any educational system will be deficient without educational guidance. Our students' need to be helped by personal counselling, career education and vocational guidance to discover their talents, aptitudes and to make intelligent career decisions, (pp. 1-2) The Federal. Government of Nigeria also endorsed its total commitment and support to the guidance and counselling movement when in the 1977 (revised in 1981) National Policy on Education (NPE), it stated: In view of the apparent ignorance of many young people about career prospects, and in...
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...youngbuzz.com http://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/school-and-career-counselors.htm#tab-2 http://careermanagement.wordpress.com/2007/10/16/how-is-career-counseling-in-india-different-than-us/ Executive summary: Research shows that students generally rely on their parents, teachers, friends and most often their academic performance for guidelines and suggestions regarding their career choice. This may work well in a few cases but not all. So, identifying all the options available to a student becomes really important as it makes easier for them to identify where they may be inclined towards. So, here is an opportunity to help students know their abilities better so that a student chooses a career that is in sync with his/her Aptitude, Interest and Personality. This way he/she is likely to be more productive and successful in life. So, instead of waiting for a child to go past High School and then decide what he/she should study further, we try to make them know it beforehand. The students of middle School <7th to 9th> are mature enough, nowadays to understand what their interests, preferences are, and hence are in a position to search for career options and decide what fits best for them. This will create better Academicians, professionals in the country not the ones who more often than not crib about the career options they are into or the ones who completely regret their choices or parents decision. A country like India can’t afford to waste their large...
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...College Adjustment Scale provide measure of psychological distress, relationship, conflict, low self-esteem, academic and career choice difficulties. The test has multidimensionality construct because it measures almost all problems by college students based on the analysis presented by college counselling centres, which are : Anxiety (AN) a measure of clinical anxiety focusing on common affective, cognitive and physiological symptoms, Depression (DP) a measure of clinical depression focusing on common affective, cognitive and physiological symptoms, Suicidal Ideation (SI) a measure of the content of recent ideation reflecting suicide, including thoughts of suicide, hopelessness and resignation, Substance Abuse (SA) a measure of the extent of disruption in interpersonal, social, academic and vocational functioning as a result of substance use and abuse, Self-Esteem Problems (SE) a measure of global self-esteem which taps negative self-evaluations and dissatisfactions with personal achievement, Interpersonal Problem (IP) a measure of the extent of problem relating to others in the campus environment, Family Problems (FP) a measure of difficulties experienced in relationship with family members, Academic Problems (AP) a measure of the extent of problems related to academic performance, Career Problems (CP) a measure of the extent of problems related to career choices. Self Individuation theory (Blos, 1967) was one of the foundations of CAS , according to this theory by disengaging...
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...Theories providing a comprehensive and complimentary approach to careers counsellors advising clients. The three theories I have chosen are Holland’s, ‘Theory of Types’, Supers ‘Life Span Theory ‘and Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory. These three theories when used in conjunction with each other appear to provide the most comprehensive and complimentary approach for careers counsellors when advising clients. Holland’s Theory of Types is based on the assumption that personality types are reflected in an Individuals choice of employment. Individuals have a natural inclination to gravitate towards like- minded people, who in turn reinforce their ideas and view of the world, and who see things from the same perspective. In the work environment this allows an Individual to play to his strengths and play down his weaknesses. This sense of belonging and acceptance of attitudes, values and aptitudes allows an Individual to feel comfortable, whether that is at home, socially or in the workplace. The degree of fit with the environment in which an Individual finds himself and his view of it, Holland terms congruence i.e. compatibility. Holland uses personality traits to identify an Individuals predisposition towards certain roles. Theory suggests socially adept people will naturally find it easier to work in face to face occupations where contact with the public is a necessity, while realist types who enjoy practical applications in their employment role may be happier behind...
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...essay will reflect on counselling, and include what I think that is, and how it differs from other forms of helping. I will analyse and compare the different types of counselling, giving specific examples of how they vary from each other. This essay will also evaluate some of my personal experiences of having professional counselling which will enable the reader to gain an authentic perspective from the clients viewpoint. This essay will also state some of my own perspectives on what counselling is and what counselling has done for me personally. I will also demonstrate my understanding of the laws and legal implications of counselling Counselling can be a complex and abstract subject. Everyone has their own opinions on what counselling is. I am currently a student at Ty Elis training to be an integrative counsellor. This means that the therapist uses an approach which uses element from different forms of counselling and psychotherapy. After being a client and receiving personal therapy for a period of 18 months and now having started training to be a therapist myself, my own views on counselling have changed considerably. The BACP defines counselling as “Counselling and psychotherapy are umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies. They are delivered by trained practitioners who work with people over a short or long term to help them bring about effective or enhance their wellbeing”. Before I explain the different types of counselling I am going to express...
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...January 16th, 2015 GLC2O CAREERS SUMMATIVE: PSYCHOLOGIST For my careers summative, I have chosen to report the job of a Psychologist. Job Description/ Job Duties A psychologist studies how humans think, feel and behave from a scientific viewpoint. They apply this knowledge to help people understand, change and explain their behaviour. Psychologists study people’s feelings and thoughts and use this information to help patients function better in their day-to-day lives. For my report I chose to report this career choice because I am very interested in the science behind disorders and illness’. I also enjoy comprehending the reasons behind people’s actions. Lastly, I get an indescribable feeling from helping people conquer battles in their lives and I believe there is no other job that could accommodate all three reasons why I’ve selected the job of a psychologist. Education and Training To become a psychologist, you must take university courses. At the University of Toronto, for the major program in psychology, in your first year level you MUST take Introductory Psychology. In higher years, students must obtain 6.5 credits in psychology and 2.0 at the 300/400 level. The required high school courses for admission into post-secondary psychology at the University of Toronto is Grade 12 biology (4U) and advanced functions. It takes 6 years to acquire the Master’s Degree in psychology and 10 years to acquire the PHD Degree. The total cost to acquire the master’s...
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