...Rhetorical analysis is the ability to read an article and determine whether it was written to persuade, inform or entertain an audience and sometimes they were written to do all three. Sometimes essays and articles are written in response to another article. Usually a popular text is written based off of an academic text and sometimes the transition from academic to popular text can cause the information that is in the academic text to be miscommunicated. However, this is not the case in Alan Schwarz’s article that was published in the New York Times titled, “Thousands of Toddlers Are Medicated for A.D.H.D., Report Finds, Raising Worries” which reports on a study done by Susanna N. Visser and it was published through the Center For Disease Control. Although they are both two very different types of writing they both include the same information regarding the amount of kids that are diagnosed and medicated for A.D.H. In Schwarz’s article he is able to summarize the academic article as well as provide his own insight, analysis and criticism about the issue. Schwarz is able to do so by summarizing information in the academic article and “dumb down” the scientific jargon in the CDC report therefore making it easier for a vast audience to comprehend and be interested in the article. According to Martin Robbins article, “Why I spoofed Scientific Journalism, and How to Fix It,” regarding the issue of scientific journalism he states that one of the hardest things to do is do more than...
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...Operant Conditioning Social phobia is also known as social anxiety which is a persistent phobia from negative assessment of others. Most people suffering from this type of phobia or social anxiety would turn to drugs and alcohol to lessen the anxiety (Lak, Sedaghat, and Almadv, & 2012), and then the self-medicated or self with illegal drugs leads to addiction. The paper essay will focus phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditional. Phobia is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation. Phobias can be developed through classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning by stimulus from the environment. In layman’s term, a toddler learns that a pot on the stove is hot and should not be touch. The toddler then develop phobia that hot stove burn the skin and as a result stay away from it. Following Pavlov’s observations, John Watson a behaviorist and his associate Rosalie Rayner (1920) did studies on how classical conditioning relates to phobias. Watson and Rayner selected a white rat to be in their experiment and proceeded to condition a fear response in Little Albert and each time Albert would reach out to touch the rat, they struck the steel bar. After doing this a few times, Albert learned to fear the rat. This is all true in adults as well because I have a friend who goes in panic when they see the police or anything that is connected to the police. If he hears a police siren, he automatically thinks it’s for him and...
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...“[Children’s] Brains are already fine tuned to attend to sounds around them and process them as part of their developing understanding of the worlds in which they find themselves. Cooing usually starts at around the three month stage (Karmiloff Smith 1994) and the response of the adult…can act as a ‘reward’ encouraging thesis early attempts at sound making and interaction” (David Goouch, Powell & Abbott,2003:821) This essay will discuss the acquisition of language in the first two years of a child’s life, looking at different theories and approaches that have been explored over recent years. The essay aims to distinguish if language acquisition is an in built skill which we are all born with or if it is a learned skill which we acquire as we interact with the world around us. Skinner (1957) put forward the argument in favour of the debate that language is developed through nurture- saying that language is a learnt behaviour. Skinner provided that children simply repeat utterances they have heard, this implies that language acquisition is a simple case of rote learning(Ambridge & Lieven,2011:242). He believed that much of what we learn is from the environment around us, he used his theory of operant conditioning to explain how and why we have developed the ability to communicate through spoken words. Operant conditioning, to put it very simply suggests that if a behaviour is rewarded the subject will continue to behave that way. In the case of language acquisition...
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...Jacqueline Addison pscyology essay 1 chapter2: Brain And Behavior from the Beginning Healthy newborn babies sponge up information from their surroundings. All the while, their developing brains are sprouting billions of nerve cell connections, or synapses. The brain's "hardwiring" actually starts in the womb, directed by the growing fetus's genetic game plan acquired from both parents.At the ARS-funded Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center in Little Rock, researchers in the Brain Function Laboratory are studying how diet and nutrition affect central nervous system development from birth. They are using noninvasive tools to assess infant, toddler, and school-age children's psychoneurophysiological development and other brain-related functions. "We're now planning to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activation in 8-year-olds while they are engaged in visual language-related tasks," says psychophysiologist R. Terry Pivik, who heads the laboratory. Pivik and colleagues will use the fMRI brain-activation patterns and recordings of brain EEG activity to study the influence of dietary factors on the children's physiological and cognitive development.Another project, called "The Beginnings Study," aims to define best feeding practices for brain development in infants and children. The researchers are using measures of brain activity, behavior, and growth to study hundreds of infants who have been reared exclusively on either breast milk, cow's-milk...
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...Path physiology Of Pain Within this essay I plan to discuss: one current view of path physiology of pain, two ages appropriate pain tools for babies and toddlers and will also be exploring the nursing management of acute pain experience in babies and toddlers, including a strategy for ensuring the safe delivery of care. There have been a range of theories put forward in attempt to explain the path physiology of pain, one of these is the gate control theory (Fraser.L 1996) which states that a stimuli that enters the spinal cord can be manipulated through a process of opening and closing gates, which in turn determines if impulses proceed or not. The Gate control theory provides the most plausible explanation for the process involved in the perception of pain. As there are many factors to a person’s perception of pain. When the nerve impulses from the nociceptors (a free ending nerve which is present in almost all types of tissues which act to sense and transmit pain) reaches a critical level, the T cells in the substantia gelatinosa (which regulates impulses) is triggered, therefore the gate opens. This then in turn allows the transmission of impulses to proceed to the thalamus and cerebral cortex where the perception of pain is defined (Wall and Melzack 1989). However there are scenarios when the gate remains closed even though there are impulses from the nociceptors. For example if a child...
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...In this essay I am going to analyse two very different interviews of J K Rowling, the creator of Harry Potter. Her language varies in each of her interviews; she adapts her speech for different audiences, such as children and adults. In her interview from, âBlue Peterâ she is more animated and lively on the other hand in her interview from,â60 Minutesâ she is very reminiscent and glum. In the â60 Minutesâ interview J K Rowling uses uses many fillers. Fillers occur particularly in the first section of the interview, as well as some false starts and stammers. âErm so you have that but you â you forgotâ¦.â. This suggests that she is reminiscing as she reflects on her youth. The hesitations and false starts also show that she is being slightly self-analytical and mulling over her past, âNot re- no I donât think I was an unhappy child.â JK is quite grim and frank with her language in the first section of â60 Minutesâ. Her face is dark and she doesnât use much body language. She seems to communicate her thoughts across the interviewer mainly just verbally rather than para-linguistically. Instead she emphasises her points. ...read more. Middle Here JKâs tiredness shows as she stammers and repeats herself before struggling for the words âpush-chairâ. In the Blue Peter interview, JK is much cheerier as she is surrounded by quite young children on a TV show for kids. JK seems eager to answer questions and communicate with the children. She adapts her language by using simpler words...
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...“Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue?” In this essay I am asked to evaluate one aspect of Freudian theory. I will begin by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory and demonstrate an understanding of its relationship to adult neurotic behaviour. Having done this I will examine some of the criticisms that have been levelled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. In 1905 Freud published ‘Three Essays on the theory of Sexuality and other Works’, one of those essays was titled ‘Infantile Sexuality’. In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive or instinct for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages of life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire). He asserted that sexuality is more than just genital copulation between adults and this work is the background to his theory on infantile sexuality....
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...provided me with a better understanding of my own association with glamor and the personal process I take to appear glamorous. The instructions Andy Warhol gave to his muses was to “pose or perform as oneself,” but really what Weingart is able to hone in on is the duplicity of what Warhol actually wanted (10). He wanted the performance of the self to be innately glamorous. To this effect, one of Warhol’s favorite portraits in the Screen Tests is that of Ann Buchanan. Weingart refers to an interview of Warhol in which he shows signs of favoritism towards Buchanan’s screen test stating: ““She did something wonderful mar-velous . . . . She cried”” (66). It is unclear whether Buchanan sheds tears as a form of emotional response or if she is her eyes are merely watering as a response to their sensitivity from posing. Warhol’s art is tricky in the way that it is working with an arbitrary idea or conception, but it still holds on to a very societally charged framework in which people can achieve glamourous-ness “by following a certain script (or fashion or diet or make-up method) which they claim will make us “similar” to the stars we admire” (45). Interpreting Buchanan’s screen test, particularly trying to do so through the lens of Warhol and with the insight of Weingart, the tear(s) can signify the pain and hardship of “pos(ing) or perform(ing) as oneself under the constraints of a cultural gaze. Though, make up is such a surface level component in the production of our identity performance...
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...education in Manhattan is exponentially increasing. Over the past 10 years, the median price of first grade in the city has gone up 48%, adjusted for inflation, compared with a 35% increase nationally (NYTimes.com, 1/29/2012). Clearly there is a supply and demand crisis, with more students than seats available. Therefore, our team decided to research the possibility of launching a new pre-school in lower Manhattan. We believe there is a desirable opportunity to open a customized pre-school that serves both our own interests and parents’ current unmet needs. To give some color, below are three recent excerpts concerning the topic: “I think the nursery school admissions process is a war zone. It’s parent against parent, it’s toddler versus toddler… Parents are crazy competitive…It’s about getting in, fitting in, it’s about belonging. That’s why people sweat it.” (Parent from “Nursery University” documentary, 2007) “In an entrepreneurial city where even volatile commodities like real estate eventually find their equilibrium, the desire for private school seats has outpaced supply for many years, in some cases by an order of magnitude. “ (nytimes.com, 2010). “When the public school Pre-K selections were announced, we were denied acceptance to ALL 10 schools…out of 12 friends with kids hoping to enter Pre-K in the Fall of 2011, not ONE of them got in. You see, simply by not having a sibling already in the system, we had already fallen down the seniority tree, to the very...
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...Nursing Philosophy Essay Transition to the BSN Role To cut to the chase, so to speak, I have never had any other thought of what I want to be when I ‘grew up’, other than that of a nurse. I apologize in advance, as I am certain my essay’s opening statement mimics that of many you have read before. My childhood experiences from having sutures placed after a nasty fall, a tonsillectomy and having arthroscopic knee surgery all left such a strong impression on me as a child, that I simply never considered any other path. Instead of playing house or any other games, I played hospital. I envisioned myself as the nice, cheerful and comforting nurses that took care of me, as well as my parents. I believe many of us in the profession have some commonality amongst us that bonds us and make us the great nurses we are, because we truly love what we do. With that being said, with this paper, I will discuss nursing definition and my philosophy of the nursing profession. The definition of what nursing is, is quite the hot topic lately. In light of the controversial incident on the television show, The View, there is much publicity on our profession at the moment, The basis of this controversy is the hosts critiqued a monologue by a Miss America contestant. In lieu of the traditional talent performance during the pageant, her spoken monologue described her profession as a nurse and what it meant to her, As part of the controversy, her representation of nursing as...
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...Axia College Material Appendix F Healthy Interpersonal Relationships Worksheet Use your textbook to answer the following questions. You are not required to respond in essay format. You may use short-answer responses, including lists, to answer these questions. 1. What are the characteristics of intimate relationships? What are behavioral interdependence, need fulfillment, emotional attachment, and emotional availability? Why is each important in relationship development? Behavioral interdependence is when you literally not live without the other person simply because you cannot function without somebody there to look out for you every minute of the day or the flipside you Need fulfillment is exactly what is sounds like more heavily discussed during the infant and toddler years. Need fulfillment usually refers to how the parent is caring for the child. If a baby cries because he is wet/hungry/scared does someone routinely come and take care of his needs (this is need fulfillment), there are disorders that can be caused by lack of need fulfillment, a neglected baby where almost no needed are meant. A semi-neglected baby where needs are met but not a regular basis for the child to draw a pattern to. Emotional attachment is kind of a dicey term because I don’t know if you mean an inapproiate attachment or just in general. In general emotional attachment is anything you have feelings for that makes you want to keep it around like your stuff animal from your childhood you...
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...An Investigation of How Culture Shapes Curriculum in Early Care and Education Programs on a Native American Indian Reservation ‘‘The drum is considered the heartbeat of the community’’ Jennifer L. Gilliard1,3 and Rita A. Moore2 This article investigates how culture shapes instruction in three early care and education programs on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Interviews with eight early childhood teachers as well as classroom observations were conducted. The investigation is framed by the following research question: How does the culture of the family and community shape curriculum? Data analysis suggested that ongoing communication with parents and community about teaching within a culturally relevant context, building a sense of belongingness and community through ritual, and respecting children, families, and community were essential to defining the Native American Indian culture within these early learning programs. KEY WORDS: culture; in; tribal; early; education; programs. INTRODUCTION Instruction informed by children’s home and community culture is critical to supporting a sense of belongingness that ultimately impacts academic achievement (Banks, 2002; Osterman, 2000). American school populations are increasingly diversified with immigrants and English language learners; but American teachers are over 90% European American (Nieto, 2000). Educators who are from different cultural perspectives than those present in the families and communities of the children they...
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...Learning Experience Paper Brandie Logsdon PSY/103 January 26, 2015 Russell Sprinkle Phobia is where a person is afraid of certain things or situations such as being or speaking in public, snakes, spiders, dogs, clowns, or open spaces. Acrophobia is an informal learning experience of being afraid of heights. This type of phobia belongs to a specific classification of phobias known as space and motion discomfort. Acrophobia can be dangerous, as victims can suffer an anxiety attack in a high place and become too anxious to get down cautiously. I suffer from a severe degree of acrophobia that prevents me from renting an apartment on any floor other than the ground floor. When I did live on the second floor of an apartment complex, I had to keep my window blinds closed causing my claustrophobia to kick in, which in turn, caused a severe anxiety attack. People with acrophobia may also experience other phobias or types of anxiety. I suffer from several phobias like being in public, spiders, closed spaces, and heights but was also diagnosed with bipolar II, PTSD, and anxiety disorder. Acrophobia can have a negative effect on a person’s life by restricting their job possibilities or where to go for vacation and one’s regular day-to-day situations such as changing a light bulb in a ceiling fan or hanging new window curtains. One might ask, how could someone become afraid of heights? Some psychologists debate the cause of phobias claiming that they are instigated by early traumatic...
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...Within this essay, the main focus will be to develop a thorough analysis and discussion in relation to the topic of gay marriage. In order to construct this, this essay will discuss positions in favor of and against gay marriage. In reference to the position supporting gay marriage, the discussion will focus on; discrimination and equality and respect on individual’s rights. The points that will be discussed contraty to gay marriage will be building upon ideas that we rose in the debate as well as incorporating some new material. Throughout this essay, the ‘for and against’ positions will distinguish between both sides of the argument. Inclusion of scholarly articles will become evident throughout this essay to support the main points that will be made within this argument on gay marriage as well incorporating case studies that support both ‘for and against’ gay marriage. Overall, this essay will display a thorough representation and discussion on how gay marriage can be positioned in society with valid points made both ‘for and against’. Gay marriage has slowly become a significant factor amongst individuals of today’s society. Similarly, this leads to the discussion of homosexuals having the right to marry in society. Ultimately, conflict from the opposing position of ‘against’ gay marriage may arise that gay marriage can destroy the concept of marriage and mock the importance of procreation. In reference to this; everyone in society has the right to marry regardless of gender...
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...Within this essay, the main focus will be to develop a thorough analysis and discussion in relation to the topic of gay marriage. In order to construct this, this essay will discuss positions in favor of and against gay marriage. In reference to the position supporting gay marriage, the discussion will focus on; discrimination and equality and respect on individual’s rights. The points that will be discussed contraty to gay marriage will be building upon ideas that we rose in the debate as well as incorporating some new material. Throughout this essay, the ‘for and against’ positions will distinguish between both sides of the argument. Inclusion of scholarly articles will become evident throughout this essay to support the main points that will be made within this argument on gay marriage as well incorporating case studies that support both ‘for and against’ gay marriage. Overall, this essay will display a thorough representation and discussion on how gay marriage can be positioned in society with valid points made both ‘for and against’. Gay marriage has slowly become a significant factor amongst individuals of today’s society. Similarly, this leads to the discussion of homosexuals having the right to marry in society. Ultimately, conflict from the opposing position of ‘against’ gay marriage may arise that gay marriage can destroy the concept of marriage and mock the importance of procreation. In reference to this; everyone in society has the right to marry regardless of...
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