...Explain any 15 theories of learning, showing clearly how they can be applied to make learning effective Learning theories are conceptual frameworks describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. 1. Behaviorism theory Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to the understanding of human and animal behavior. Behaviorism combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and psychological theory. It emerged in the early twentieth century as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional forms of psychology, which often had difficulty making predictions that could be tested experimentally It assumes that the behavior of a human or animal is a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Thus, although behaviorists generally accept the important role of inheritance in determining behavior, they focus primarily on environmental factors. 2. Cognitivism theory Cognitivists argued that the way people think impacts their behavior and therefore cannot be a behavior in and of itself. Cognitivists later argued that thinking is so essential to psychology that the study of thinking should become its own field...
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...Term Paper "Understanding Factors Affecting Trust in and Satisfaction with Mobile Banking in Korea and its Implementation in Bangladesh" [pic] LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL June 17, 2012 Syeda Mahrufa Bashar Lecturer Institute of Business of Administration University of Dhaka Subject: Writing report on “Understanding Factors Affecting Trust in and Satisfaction with Mobile Banking in Korea and its Implementation in Bangladesh” Dear Madam We are submitting our term paper on “Understanding Factors Affecting Trust in and Satisfaction with Mobile Banking in Korea and its Implementation in Bangladesh”, as a part of fulfilling your instruction for acquiring the learning objectives of ‘Financial Markets and Institutions’ course. We thank you for assigning us this exercise as it has provided us with an eye opening valuable opportunity of improving our knowledge on this new technology as well as our research skills. We sincerely hope that the analysis work will meet the level of your expectation. Sincerely Yours Md. Farhan Imtiaz Md. Momenur Rahaman Md. Sohel Sagar Mohammed Zuber Alam Tanveer Mahmood Miah Sharif Taufique Atique ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It would not have been possible to complete this report and submit this report without the extensive support of some special people and it is high time to show our gratitude towards them. At first we would like to thank our honorable...
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...The Emergency Zombie Survival Kit (ZOMKIT) is designed specifically for a Zombie Armageddon, but cannot however guarantee one’s safety or fate. The ZOMKIT is one of the essential items needed when venturing to a permanent residence. For safety, gather all the items on the list and always store it in an accessible place preferable in your home or office. Preparing a kit ahead of time will allow valuable time during the chaos that will transpire. Nevertheless, avoid entering highly populated metropolitan cities as one will be greatly outnumbered by the undead or desperate people escaping their doom. Typically the undead will revisit areas familiar when they were alive. By that same token stay away from large shopping structures or complexes....
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...Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, VOL. 5, NO.4, 2004 USING E-CASH IN THE NEW ECONOMY: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MICROPAYMENT SYSTEMS Michelle Baddeley Gonville & Caius College and Faculty of Economics and Politics, Cambridge, UK mb150@cam.ac.uk ABSTRACT The growth of electronic commerce is dependent upon the emergence of effective electronic payment systems. Whilst payments for large purchases can be made relatively easily using credit/debit cards, small-scale electronic commerce is constrained by the limited nature of existing e-cash (or ‘micropayments’) systems. This paper outlines the evolution of electronic payment systems, leading to an analysis of the essential characteristics of e-cash, and microeconomic / macroeconomic implications of the development of e-cash. Finally, the key characteristics of successful electronic payment innovations are analysed using binary dependent variable estimation techniques on data derived from the Electronic Payments Systems Observatory (ePSO) database. Keywords: e-cash, micro-payment systems, e-commerce 1. Introduction Electronic commerce is growing at an increasing pace and financial instruments are adapting to the increased volume of spending taking place over the Internet (Economides, 2001). Until now, most buyers have used credit arrangements or checking accounts as the principle means of paying for Internet purchases. There is however, a 'price umbrella' underneath credit-card transactions that makes them...
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...THE IMPLICATIONS OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA (CBN) CASH-LITE POLICY ON FINANCIAL/CORPORATE MANAGEMENT Introduction Owing to the huge cost of cash handling by Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in the country, the Central Bank of Nigeria introduced Cash-lite policy to drive people towards alternative e-Channels to reduce the handling cost. The policy was introduced last year. It has officially taken off in Lagos with effect from 1st March, 2012 to commence in other states by 1st June, 2012. The Cash-lite policy is aimed at reducing the volume of cash transactions in the Economy through Point of Sales terminals (PoS), web payment, mobile money and Near Field Communications (NFC) transactions. This enables the payment for goods and services via Point of Sales (PoS) without handling cash. The policy stipulates a cumulative daily limit of N150,000 for individual accounts and N1,000,000 for corporate accounts for withdrawal and deposit into a bank account. On exceeding this limit a cash handling cost of N100 for every N1000 (i.e. 10% of the excess amount) is charged. For instance: If you withdraws/deposits N1,000,000 in a day, the initial N150,000 will be processed free but you will be charge 10% handling cost for the excess N850,000, this means you will be paying N85,000 as charges. So, under the cashless policy you will be debited for N1, 085,000 if you withdraw N1, 000,000 and credited for N915, 000 if you deposit N1, 000,000. With the policy, a private/individual account can only...
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...SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON ‘Study of SBI FAST-Cash Management at State bank of India’ At [pic] By DINESH MEGHWANI (REG.NO.1120814) MBA - Finance, 2011-2013 Under the esteemed guidance of Under External guidance of Under Internal guidance of Mr. Rama Rao Duba Prof. Dr. Ramkesh Gupta Chief Manager Finance Department SBI-Nawapara Rajim Christ University, Bangalore [pic] CHRIST UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE-56002 DECLARATION I, DINESH MEGHWANI, a student of PGDM with GERMAN MBA, at Christ University hereby declare that this Project Report under the title “A study on SBI-FAST Cash Management” is the record of my original work under the guidance of Mr. Rama Rao Duba. This report has never been submitted to anywhere else for award of any degree/diploma. Place: Nawapara Rajim DINESH MEGHWANI Date: MBA – 3rd trimester [pic] CERTIFICATE This is to certify that MR. DINESH MEGHWANI (1120814) is...
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...in a way we find reinforcing, we make him more likely to do so again by praising or commending him. We attest to the value of the person’s behavior by patting on the back, or saying good or right or giving him a token of our esteem such as prize, honor or award.” Guthrie assume that learning depends on action an organism must do, it is to learn. Once the student performed the required response, the teacher must present the student a reward, which will capture his or her attention that the student will eventually further improve his or her performance. For example, when students do exceptionally ell in class, he or she will earn medal or a star. Another, the student will be more motivated if his or her teacher will say “good job” or “very great answer” for every correct answer and good performance. The researcher believes that rewards have something to do with learning and we assume that motivation is important to the learner. A reward must be something desirable; without the desire, there can be no reward (Tria, 1998) Since the researchers have mentioned the concept of positive reinforcement issue, let us specify its aspects. We have the tangible and intangible reinforcement. The tangible reinforcement, then are medal, a star, certificate of recognition, tokens and other desirable things. On the other hand, e has the intangible reinforcement that means verbal phrase or intrinsic reward. Although there is positive reinforcement in school, the question is its level of implementation...
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...in a way we find reinforcing, we make him more likely to do so again by praising or commending him. We attest to the value of the person’s behavior by patting on the back, or saying good or right or giving him a token of our esteem such as prize, honor or award.” Guthrie assume that learning depends on action an organism must do, it is to learn. Once the student performed the required response, the teacher must present the student a reward, which will capture his or her attention that the student will eventually further improve his or her performance. For example, when students do exceptionally ell in class, he or she will earn medal or a star. Another, the student will be more motivated if his or her teacher will say “good job” or “very great answer” for every correct answer and good performance. The researcher believes that rewards have something to do with learning and we assume that motivation is important to the learner. A reward must be something desirable; without the desire, there can be no reward (Tria, 1998) Since the researchers have mentioned the concept of positive reinforcement issue, let us specify its aspects. We have the tangible and intangible reinforcement. The tangible reinforcement, then are medal, a star, certificate of recognition, tokens and other desirable things. On the other hand, e has the intangible reinforcement that means verbal phrase or intrinsic reward. Although there is positive reinforcement in school, the question is its level of implementation...
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...Markets and the Economy The economy is determined by the dynamics of the labor market. Since economics is the study of choices, macroeconomics is the study of the overall economic environment. Through understanding how the market affects the economy, this paper will research: how an increased federal budget deficit can stabilize an economy; how adjustments in wages and prices move the economy from short to long-run equilibrium; how marketable pollution permits lead to less costly abatement; and, how the GDP should include additional factors to achieve a better measurement for well-being. When the federal government spends more than it receives, a budget deficit occurs. On the contrary, a surplus will occur when income surpasses spending. Both deficit and surpluses can help to stabilize an economy. An increased federal budget deficit resulting from a recession can actually help stabilize an economy. This can be done through increased unemployment payments, decreased unemployment taxes, corporate taxes and personal income taxes. Each of these channels provides countercyclical policy automatic stabilizers. They promote a budget deficit during recession. People are laid off during a recession causing the unemployment payments to increase. Since people are not working, business unemployment compensation taxes are decreased. The result is higher governmental spending and lower tax receipts. On the same token, the corporate tax receipts on profits are cyclical to the...
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...eleven thousand in 1984 to just over seven thousand in 2006. The average profitability of the largest banks grew to outstrip the profitability of the industry’s smallest banks; an outcome traceable to increased competition from bank and nonbank financial firms, new technology that reduced the advantage of banks having a local presence, and the development of services that could be offered over wider geographic areas (www.mheducation.com). A new type of financial-services holding company (FHC) was created in 1999 as a result of passage of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley (GLB) Act. Provided these entities hold strong capital positions and possess sound management, they are permitted to bring together under the same corporate umbrella, commercial banks, investment banks, insurance companies, and selected other affiliated companies that are “financial in nature” and “compatible” with banking (www.mheducation.com). The FHCs come closest to mirroring the organizational structures and service menus of leading European banks, such as Deutsche Bank AG of Frankfurt and HSBC Holdings based in London, by offering the broadest array of services of any financial-services provider (www.mheducation.com). With joint approval of the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve Board the menu of services FHCs can offer may be expanded in the future. As the twenty-first century unfolded almost six hundred and fifty holding companies selling services in the United States, including both domestic and...
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...Macroeconomic Variables MBA -502 Economics for Business The financial services industry is influenced by a vast number of variables. These variables affect the way people invest their money, how much they invest, what types of investments they choose, etc. The Principal Financial Group is not immune to these variables. Some of the macroeconomic variables that directly affect the products and services Principal offers are unemployment, inflation, government regulation, interest rates, and consumer income. Unemployment will affect the services and products that are provided by the Principal because those individuals who are not making a steady income will most likely not be customers. By the same token, customers who were employed that have become unemployed will either cease to be customers of Principal or may withdraw money from existing accounts. While these loans will be paid back with interest, they diminish the amount of money the Principal has to place that money in more lucrative investments. According to Stephen D. Simpson “… the experience of unemployment (either direct or indirect) can alter how workers plan for their futures…”. Inflation will cause the price of goods and services to rise. For the average consumer, this means that the more they spend on food, gas, housing, etc. the less money they have to spend on investments. While retirement savings are an important part of saving for the future, high inflation causes day to day living expenses...
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...retail store and facing some difficulties, online shopping is doubling year on year worldwide. However, through the years and in different countries people have faced a lot of frauds because of shopping online which caused people the loss of millions of dollars. The fraud and theft of online credit cards, the use of credit cards have decreases as Karr stated: According to a survey of more than 2,000 U.S. Internet users conducted in October by comScore Inc., 65 percent of respondents have changed the way they pay for items online because of concerns about the economy, down from 67 percent in the previous year. Of those who indicated they had altered their behavior, 42 percent said they are more likely to use cash, versus 50 percent in the 2008 study, and 40 percent said they are more likely to use a debit card, up from 34 percent. Twenty-three percent said they were more likely to use a credit card, up from 18 percent last year, and 13 percent said they had begun to consolidate spending to fewer credit cards, up from 12 percent. (2009, p.14). The use online credit card should not be declining as it helps the economy to flourish by facilitating things for people in order to spend more. People should...
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...Ajasiz Johnson American Intercontinental University Consumer Marketing MKT655 – Research Methods in Marketing June 23, 2013 Abstract Celebrities are often used by advertising agencies to endorse their products in an attempt to persuade the consumer to purchase their products. This paper discusses how celebrity endorsements tend to have an effect on consumers. Consumer Marketing Introduction Advertising obviously plays an essential role in the success or failure of a product. In some cases, using celebrity endorsers to promote products has been quite an effective campaign strategy for advertisers. Celebrity endorsed campaigns are created to sway the consumers and to promote a positive image. Research on Brand Endorser and Consumer Perception Since one of the key objectives of an advertising agency is to persuade customers to purchase the products they represent, an advertisement’s credibility plays an intricate part in heightening the sense of appeal to potential consumers. The enormous amount of money that is allotted for advertising budgets for celebrity endorsements indicate that they are vital in the “advertising world”. Pursuing a celebrity endorsement strategy enables advertisers to project a credible image in terms of expertise, persuasiveness, trustworthiness, and objectiveness (Till and Shimp 1998). Even though it may sound vain, when creating campaigns, advertisers also have to consider the attractiveness, physical appearance, personality, etc., of...
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...Introduction Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling To some people gambling is just a waste of time and money but to some it can be a winning streak. Back then in the 1970s 30-55 years old was the typical age that most people gambled but now the typical age is 17-70 years old. In the United States the legal age to gamble is 21 in most casinos and in some Indian casinos the legal age is 18. There are many ways to gamble there are casinos, online gambling and even home gambling with family or friends. Gambling not only interferes with your money it can also affect and causes problems with an individual’s life. Gambling addiction and problem gambling create physical, emotional, social and financial problems in the lives of the gamblers and their loved ones. Gambling is to put something up for; like money or something that has value. There are many games that involve gambling for example card games, dice games and even sports like football, basketball and boxing, which all involve betting. Gambling is all about taking a risk its either you will or you lose. It also depends on luck its either your lucky or not. Many say gambling is a sin because most religions are against it. Gambling addiction is a behavior disorder that can interfere with an individual’s life. A gambling addict is a person who is out of control. Gambling addiction is also known as pathological or compulsive gambling. “Compulsive gambler’s can not control the impulse to gamble, even when they know their gambling...
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...to add entire population under the shield of care, demand greater nursing care to meet the challenges. Good leaders can create expert nurses capable of undertaking future challenges and keep them in the facility, creating better patient satisfaction and outcome. Research article by Furtado, Batista, & Silva (2011) explores the leadership role in nursing turnover and career abandonment intention. This article is relevant today as many nurses abandon facilities for career growth, seek better work environment or change career altogether. The Issue of Nurse Turnover in Present Day Healthcare Nursing turnover is a huge problem affecting healthcare industry today. Literature review from the above mentioned research article shows that while economy is growing and unemployment rate is low, there shall be high nurse turnover but when job availability decreases and economic growth slows down, nurses are forced to stick to the same position whether they are satisfied or not. Also, some frustrated nurses are likely to abandon the career and seek job elsewhere. Healthcare organizations require highly trained, stable and fully engaged nurses to provide effective care and the financial cost of losing a single nurse is more than twice a nurse’s annual salary (Hunt, 2009). Financial burden of nurse leaving the facility, cost of hiring and training new staff and the time it takes to fit them into the new system are alarmingly high. Causes of Nurse Turnover Increased workload, high job expectations...
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