...Development In The Case Of Nigeria The West African region is a place where vast natural resources exist. It was a region where Colonial powers sought to get raw materials to feed their growing demand for industrialization. The Federal Republic of Nigeria was amongst these colonized states that The British Colonial power took advantage of. The British ruled Colonial Nigeria for 45 years, before handing over power on October 1, 1960. But, much like the aftermath of many other successful independence struggles in Africa, Nigeria too suffered the consequence of colonization post the British. Left with a weak central government, Nigeria could not begin a culture of an all-inclusive democratic means of governance. Seven years after independence; The Republic of Biafra, a separatist movement formed and raged havoc in the country. The struggle for self-determination now took its roots in southeastern Nigeria. The question of self-determination is not a question of autonomy as is, but really a question of rights, respect and freedom. The struggle of nations and nationalities for respect and dignity is a plea for equitable democracy. When the national question of democracy is answered, the demand of nations and nationalities will also be answered. Reason being, it is important to create a system of equitable democracy, and a culture of governance whereby the dignity and the rights of all humanity is respected and protected before the law. To lead such a system, leaders must first gain...
Words: 1293 - Pages: 6
...political freedoms are the ground rules on which a society should be based. True False 6. There is a global trend of societies shifting from individualism toward collectivism. True False 7. It is possible to have a democratic state where collective values predominate. True False 8. It is possible to have a totalitarian state that is hostile to collectivism and where some degree of individualism is encouraged. True False 9. The most practical form of democracy is direct democracy. True False 10. Most modern democratic states practice representative democracy. True False 11. In a market economy, if demand for a product exceeds supply, prices will rise, signaling to producers to produce more. True False 12. The number of command economies has fallen dramatically since the demise of communism in the late 1980s. True False 13. Because international businesses are headquartered in different countries, a nation's legal system is usually of very little interest to international business managers. True False 14. A country's legal system can affect the...
Words: 2950 - Pages: 12
...A political institution is a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the law system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems. It is different from them, and can be generally defined on a spectrum from left, i.e. communism and socialism to the right, i.e. fascism. Linz’s argument is on the description of Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes, which brings the main and important argument of explaining both Presidential and Parliamentary systems. Another important author whose thoughts were referred to political institutions is Seymour Martin Lipset. His argument emphasizes on political cultural-cultural factors rather than political systems. The last individual whose main arguments refer to politics and political institutions is Donald Horowitz. He describes that Linz claims are not sustainable because it is regionally skewed and highly selective sample. According to all three professors Seymour Martin Lipset, Juan Linz, Donald Horowitz, they are strongly suggesting their main politically argument based on the concept of presidential and parliamentary system. The stability of presidential system is that two-candidate races in multiparty systems produce coalitions including extremist parties. The balance between branches varies and with fixed term in office comes the risk of ‘vouloir conclure’. The parliamentary system’s stability describes that it has superior historical performance to presidential system. This is especially in societies...
Words: 1351 - Pages: 6
...organization. It is the heart and soul of business’s or organization’s success. According to Think+Up, “Human resource management is a business function focusing on the staffing needs and responsibilities of a company. Because employees are often the largest business asset in a company, companies may spend copious amounts of time and effort evaluating their human resource management systems”. In today’s organizations, to guarantee their viability and ability to contribute, IHRM managers need to think of themselves as strategic partners. In this role, the IHRM person contributes to the development of and the accomplishment of the organization’s business plan and objectives. The IHRM business objectives are established to support the attainment of the overall strategic business plan and objectives. The tactical IHRM representative is deeply knowledgeable about the design of work systems in which people succeed and contribute. This strategic partnership impacts IHRM services such as the design of work positions hiring, reward, recognition and strategic pay, performance development, appraisal systems, career and succession planning, and employee development (Heathfield, n.d.). The globalization of human resource management has increased, to some extent, the traditional scope of IHRM. Today, IHRM professionals do not only manage people from their home country national (HCN), but are involved in managing sister companies with different nationalities such parent country national (PCN)...
Words: 4261 - Pages: 18
...Concept of political environment The political scenario in a country is the outcome of the interacting influence of various interest groups such as individual households, firms, politicians, bureaucrats and many others. The stronger a particular interest group the more prominent its ideology will manifest in the overall political scenario. In a country with federal character, where different interest groups are prominent at different levels, different ideologies exist side by side at the same juncture. The political scenario in different states may be different. Even at the centre, the political scenario may change with changes in the dominant interest group. As opposed to diverse political environments in a particular country, a particular political ideology may be found in more than one country. It is because the ethnic background, language, religion and so on bring many countries within the fold of one common political ideology. For example, it was the ethnic considerations that brought Serbs of the neighbouring regions into one political umbrella known as Greater Serbia. Thus political environment is marked by both diversity and uniformity. The political scenario often varies between the two extremes democracy on the one hand and totalitarianism on the other. The purest form of democracy represents direct involvement of citizens in policy making. But with growing time and distance barriers over time, it did not remain feasible for all citizens to participate in the political...
Words: 2934 - Pages: 12
...National Differences in Political Economy Learning objectives • Understand how the political systems of countries differ. • Understand how the economic systems of countries differ. • Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. • Be able to explain what determines the level of economic development of a nation. • Discuss the macro-political and economic changes taking place worldwide. • Describe how transition economies are moving towards market based systems. • Articulate the implications for management practice of national differences in political economy. This chapter discusses differences in national political, economic, and legal systems, highlighting the ways in which managers in global settings need to be sensitive to these differences. Political differences are described along two dimensions: collectivist vs. individualist and democratic vs. totalitarian. Economic systems are explored in terms of market characteristics: market economies, command economies, and mixed economies. Legal systems are discussed in terms of the protections they offer for business: intellectual property, product safety, liability and contracts. The opening case explores the political and economic situation in Venezuela since Hugo Chavez was elected president in 1998. The closing case describes the challenges facing Indonesia, a vast country populated mainly by Muslims that stretches over 17,000 islands. Indonesia...
Words: 6929 - Pages: 28
...Sean M. Hart GBUS 496 Individual BOP Proposal This paper will evaluate the potential of “bottom of the pyramid” opportunities for a multi-national electric generation and distribution company. Initially, the basic elements of strategy needed for serving this market will be examined. Next, the AAA factors will be evaluated to determine if there are advantages to be obtained by globalizing the proposal. Lastly, cultural differences that may affect the business will be examined. Company Overview PPL Corporation began in1920 when eight utilities serving central and eastern Pennsylvania merged into a single entity called Pennsylvania Power & Light Co., headquartered in Allentown, Pa. Today, PPL controls or owns about 19,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the United States, sells energy in key U.S. markets, and delivers electricity and natural gas to about 10 million customers in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the U.S., PPL generates and distributes electricity in PA, KY, MT, VA and TN. PPL formerly owned generation and distribution companies in Latin and South America, but has since divested itself of those interests. Elements of Strategy PPL is active in the multi-national electricity generation and distribution arena and has chosen to expand its business largely through the vehicle of acquisition. Since PPL’s product is a commodity, it must differentiate itself by providing greater reliability of service and lower price. Historically...
Words: 1326 - Pages: 6
...Chapter 1 The Globalization of Starbucks -company focused on selling a “thirdplace” experience, rather than just coffee -first target outside US was Japan and the company established a joint venture with a local retailer -Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture which then took over responsibility for growing the Starbucks presence in Japan -Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around...
Words: 6619 - Pages: 27
...CSS 105 COURSE GUIDE COURSE GUIDE CSS105 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Course Developer Dr. Derin K. Ologbenla University Of Lagos Akoka – Lagos. Dr. Derin K. Ologbenla Course Writer University Of Lagos Akoka – Lagos. Course Co-ordinator Dr. Godwin Ifidon Oyakhiromen National Open University of Nigeria Lagos. NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii CSS 105 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2006 First Printed 2006 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by Goshen Print Media Ltd For National Open University of Nigeria iii CSS 105 COURSE GUIDE Contents Introduction......................................................................... Aims................................................................................... Objectives........................................................................... Working through the Course.............................................. Course Materials................................................................ Study Units........................................................................ Textbooks and References.................................................. Assessment.......................................
Words: 55473 - Pages: 222
...GLOBALIZATION BACKLASH AND THE RISE OF ANTI-HEGEMONIC PARTY STATES Diego Olstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem Contents Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………..5 Part I: Principle Chapter 1: Defining Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………………………….18 Chapter 2: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Domestic Features of Political Regimes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 3: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Exogenous Perspective on Political Regimes……………………………………………………………………………………………75 Part II: History Chapter 4: The Global Rise of Anti-Hegemonic Party States and Globalization Backlash 1917-1945...…………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 5: The Big Leap of Anti-Hegemonic Party States: The Second Wave 1946-1975…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111 Chapter 6: Globalization Anew and the Marginalization of Anti-Hegemonic Party States 1976-2010………………………………………………………142 Conclusions Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State In 1997 the European Commission defined Globalization “as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation...
Words: 33126 - Pages: 133
...Overview of the Implementation Status of the Five United Nations Treaties on Outer Space in African Countries J-A. van Wyk Department of Political Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), P O Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa e-mail: vwykjak@unisa.ac.za Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the five major UN Treaties on Outer Space. Each of these Treaties are briefly discussed and assessed with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to Africa. Very few African countries have ratified these Treaties, as well as enacted domestic space legislation. The paper concludes with an assessment of Africa’s involvement in multilateral space fora such as OOSA and UNCOPUOS. It also offers recommendations to improve African countries’ ratification and compliance with these Treaties. Sommaire. Cet article est une introduction aux cinq traités majeurs de l’ONU, en matière d’espace extra-atmosphérique. Chacun des traités est brièvement discuté et évalué en insistant sur les aspects importants pour l’Afrique. Tres peu d’Etats africains ont ratifié ces traités, ainsi que mis sur pied une législation en matière d’espace. L’article se termine par une évaluation de l’engagement de l’Afrique dans des forums multilatéraux voués à l’espace tels que l’ OOSA et l’ UNCOPUOS. Des recommendations sont également suggérées pour l’amélioration de la ratification et le respect par les Etats africains de ces traités. International Space Law: Context and Text fact that no state can claim...
Words: 7026 - Pages: 29
...Chapter 01 Globalization Answer Key True / False Questions 1. As a result of globalization, we have been moving toward a world in which national economies are (p. 7) relatively self-contained entities. FALSE Over the past three decades a fundamental shift has been occurring in the world economy. We have been moving away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: Introduction 2. By offering the same basic product worldwide, firms help to create a global market. TRUE Consumer products such as Citigroup credit cards, Coca-Cola soft drinks, video games, McDonald’s hamburgers, Starbucks coffee, and IKEA furniture are frequently held up as prototypical examples of this trend. The firms that produce these products are more than just benefactors of this trend; they are also facilitators of it. By offering the same basic product worldwide, they help to create a global market. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: What Is Globalization? 3. A company has to be the size of a multinational giant to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. FALSE A company does not have to be the size of multinational giants to facilitate, and benefit from, the ...
Words: 87342 - Pages: 350
...Why do you think GE has invested so aggressively in foreign expansion? What are the opportunities that it is trying to exploit? True / False Questions 1. (p. 7) Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. TRUE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1-1 Topic: What Is Globalization? 2. (p. 7) Tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations are beginning to converge on some global norm. TRUE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1-1 Topic: What Is Globalization? 3. (p. 7) A company has to be a major multinational corporation to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. FALSE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1-1 Topic: What Is Globalization? 4. (p. 7) In Germany, 98 percent of small and midsize companies have exposure to international markets. TRUE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1-1 Topic: What Is Globalization? 5. (p. 8) Currently, the most global of markets are for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over. TRUE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1-1 Topic: What Is Globalization? 6. (p. 8) As firms follow each other around the world, greater diversity replaces uniformity. FALSE AACSB: Analytic BT: Knowledge Difficulty:...
Words: 7962 - Pages: 32
...Pakistani women accused of adultery to claim refugee status in the United Kingdom, since they risked public flogging and death by stoning at home. Women today are denied the vote and the right to drive cars in several Arab states, and harsh versions of shari`a (Islamic law) punishment are spreading to Sudan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Still, the Taliban's repression remains in a class by itself: denying women the right to leave home except when accompanied by a brother or husband and forbidding them all access to public education. Not only do the Taliban seek to spread their militant vision to other states, they also demand to be left alone to implement their own religious and cultural values at home without foreign interference. Leaders in Kabul insist that they not be judged by the norms of others -- especially in the West. Of course the Taliban are not the only ones to reject outside scrutiny. Florida's government, after frying several prisoners in a faulty electric chair, has only reluctantly turned to other methods of execution to conform to the U.S. Constitution's prohibition of "cruel and unusual punishment." Yet when America's Western allies tell it that the U.S. system of capital punishment is barbaric, local politicians and courts reply that it is their way and no one else's business. Which is precisely what the Taliban say. This is not to indulge in what Jeane Kirkpatrick, a former U.S. permanent representative to the U.N., has called the "sin of moral equivalence...
Words: 4816 - Pages: 20
...Spring Break Work Ch. 13 Section 1 1) Sui Wendi: First emperor of the Sui dynasty centralized government, restored order, created a new legal code, reformed Bureaucracy Tang Taizong: The founder of the Tang Dynasty, he expanded China to include all that the Han had had and more. Wu Zhao: The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty. Grand Canal: The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. Zhao Kuangyin: Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. Li Bo: Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. 2) tributary state: A country that pays tribute in money or goods to a more powerful nation Pagoda: Buddhist temples with many-storied towers; this was adapted from the Chinese 3) The dynasties returned the Middle Kingdom back to its old glory. a) Under the Tang and Song dynasties the emperor ruled over a splendid court filled with aristocratic families. The two main classes of society were the gentry, wealthy landowners, which valued scholarship more than physical labor, and the peasantry, who worked the land and lived off of what they produced. Then the merchants had a lower status in society. Merchants had such a low status in society because according to Confucianism their...
Words: 8724 - Pages: 35
