...Between 1949 and 1976, China was closed-off to foreigners with the exception of a selected few. During that time, travel and tourism was for all intents and purposes considered a political activity. Domestic tourism hardly existed and outbound travel was limited almost exclusively to government officials. To Chairman Mao Zedong, leisure travel was considered a capitalistic bourgeois activity and therefore forbidden under Marxian principles. Turning point: Shortly after the Chairman's death, China's most famous economic reformist, Deng Xiaoping, opened up the Middle Kingdom to outsiders. Foreign visitors quickly flocked to this once forbidden destination. Contrary to Maoist ideology, Deng saw the monetary potential in tourism and began to promote it intensely. China quickly developed its own travel industry. Major hospitality and transportation facilities were constructed or renovated. New jobs such as service personnel and professional guides were created, and a National Tourism Association was established. Inbound: - In 1978, an estimated 1.8 million tourists entered the country, with the majority coming from neighboring British Hong Kong, Portuguese Macau, and Taiwan. - By 2000, China welcomed over 10 million new oversea visitors, excluding the aforementioned three locations. Tourists from Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States comprised the largest share of that inbound population. - In 2010, China became the third most visited country in the world...
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...FocusOn China Hotel Market Outlook Issue 2 - 2011 Produced in Conjunction with the China National Tourism Hotel Association Contributors Lily Ng Executive Vice President Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, China lily.ng@ap.jll.com +86 21 6133 5550 Hans Galland Senior Vice President Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, China hans.galland@ap.jll.com +86 10 5922 1352 Shuo Qi Analyst Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, China shuo.qi@ap.jll.com +86 10 5922 1353 Glossary: City abbreviations BJ - Beijing DG - Dongguan CC - Changchun GZ - Guangzhou CS - Changsha GL - Guilin CD - Chengdu HZ - Hangzhou CQ - Chongqing HB - Harbin DL - Dalian HF - Hefei ADR OCC RevPAR GDP FDI CBD REITS FEIMCs UNWTO CIRC CSRC CBRC Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, the first and leading global hotel investment services firm, is uniquely positioned to provide the depth and breadth of advice required by hotel investor and operator clients, through a robust and integrated local network. In 2010, Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels provided sale, purchase and financing advice on $4.1 billion worth of transactions globally. In addition, advisory and valuation services were provided on over 1,000 assignments. The global team comprises over 225 hotel specialists, operating from 39 offices in 20 countries. The firm's advice is supported by a dedicated global research team, which produced 70 publications in 2010 in addition to client research. Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels' services span the hospitality spectrum; from luxury single...
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...A MODEL OF OPTIMAL INTERNATIONAL MARKET EXPANSION THE CASE OF US HOTEL CHAINS EXPANSION INTO CHINA E. Hachemi Aliouche, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Hospitality Management Whittemore School of Business and Economics UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA and Udo Schlentrich, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Hospitality Management Whittemore School of Business and Economics UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA ABSTRACT: Departing from the explanatory and descriptive approaches common in many of the academic studies of international expansion, this paper uses a managerial approach to develop and illustrate a process that can assist managers in the formulation of their international expansion strategies and plans. A comprehensive model of international expansion is outlined and applied to determine the optimal country to be targeted for entry by a US hotel firm and the optimal entry mode to be used. The model consists of three sections. Section One (macro assessment) identifies the major external macroenvironmental variables that determine the risks and opportunities of international expansion: market size, market growth and purchasing power; political, economic, legal and regulatory risks; and cultural and geographic distances. Through macro assessment, countries with the optimal risk/opportunity profiles are identified and ranked. Section Two (micro assessment) is applied to the optimal countries identified in Section One to estimate the potential profitability and financial value created (as...
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...Tourist Studies http://tou.sagepub.com/ Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung and Stijn Reijnders Tourist Studies 2013 13: 287 originally published online 30 August 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Tourist Studies can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tou.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tou.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287.refs.html >> Version of Record - Nov 18, 2013 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 30, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from tou.sagepub.com at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University on January 5, 2014 498164 2013 TOU13310.1177/1468797613498164Tourist StudiesDung and Reijnders ts Article Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung Stijn Reijnders Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands Tourist Studies 13(3) 287–303 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 tou.sagepub.com Leiden University, The Netherlands Abstract This article examines from a European-Asian perspective the relationship between media representations and the tourist’s imagination...
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...Your Company | China Highlights | Haivenu | Competitor 3 | Location | America | China | Vietnam | | Hours | 5 days a week 8hrs a day from 9am-5pm | 5 days a week from 8:00 to 18:00 with 2 hours break from 12:00 to 14:00 | 24 hours a day via email and phone. | | Average Ticket | Not avaiblable | Depend on each tour, arround $1000 to $6000 | Depend on each tour | | Tour | Customers signatures | Through out china | Throug out Vietnam | | Sale | Small | Very large | Not available | | Reputation | New company No reputation | Great reputaion | Well earned reputation | | Group size tour | 6-20 passengers | Private tour and no limited group size for group travelers. | Privete tour and no limited group size for group travelers. | | Website: China Highlights: http://www.chinahighlights.com/ Haivenu: http://www.haivenu-vietnam.com/haivenu-about-us.htm China Highlights Another competitor that share the same chinese market with us is China Highlights. The company was established in 1998 as a devision of CITS Guilin (a travel agent was founded in 1959). China Highlights is given the big service experiences from CITS Guilin in order to provide the highest quality for international visistors to travel though out China. Aside the support from CITS Guilin, China Highlights also joined in many travel agencies in both china and united state, such as The China Association of...
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...occupancy rate has remained almost the same. In addition to hotels, the lodging industry is facing pressure added by hotels and serviced apartments. The discrepancy between the number of available rooms and the optimal number of rooms will cause faltering pricing power and overall performance downfall. Hong Kong’s hotels are known for providing high-quality services to both business travellers and tourists in Asia. However, it currently faces a number of challenges including the rapid growth of hospitality industries in Macau and Guangdong Province. For example, the number of star-rated hotels in Guangdong has increased at a rate of 15.2% per year over the past decade, placing great pressure for Hong Kong. (National Tourism Administration of the People’ s Republic of China, 1992–1999, 2000–2008). During the 1980s in the United States, two thirds of hotels in the United States went bankrupt due to over-construction. (Romeo, 1997) Thus, hotels need to pay great attention to the problem of overcapacity as it will bring detrimental effects. It is crucial for the hotels to industry to plan future hotel developments and marketing strategies based on accurate information about future demand. Blindly building more hotels will worsen the problem and result in capacity waste and financial burdens. For example, low occupancy rate will cause over staffing and it is costly for hotels to retain more employees than they need. It is estimated...
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...INTRODUCTION Tourism industry is one of the most profitable industries in many countries (Sinha, 2004). Whenever tourists visit a country, they bring in additional resources to the destination and such resources contribute to the development of the destinations and the country itself. It is therefore no surprise that many countries make tremendous efforts to tap income from the tourism industry (Australian Government, 2004). Among these countries are India and China. In the recent years, there have been major improvements in the tourism industry of the two countries which have restructured their mode of operation in handling tourists by providing high standards of accommodation and levels of service (Bikyamasr, 2012). This essay looks at recent tourism developments and trends that have been happening in India and China and it further looks at the likely future trend of tourism in these two emerging countries. INDIA In India, the development of the tourism industry has been on the rise in the last four years. At the moment, the industry is largest service industry contributing to about 6.3% of GDP and accounting of 8.78% of total jobs (Sinha, 2004). Though the country has not fully developed its tourism industry, further availability of tourism sites and products and adequate human resources could definitely aid this industry to rise to its full potential. According to Seth, Bhat & Sushma (2010), in 2008 the tourism industry in India was at its infant stage. At that time...
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...Advancing the Medical Tourism industry in China Abstract Medical tourism is a lucrative industry but China is losing out in the competition of this challenging industry. The aim of this study is to analyze why China’s medical tourism industry is not performing as well as countries such as India or Thailand, and also to provide insights on how to go about leveraging on certain medical procedures that China have a comparative advantage in performing. This study resulted in two findings. Firstly, there is a lack of hospitals with JCI accreditation which we found out was due to a lack of motivation from public hospitals to do so, and also a lack of transparency in the management of the Chinese hospitals. Secondly, we found that the three medical procedures with the biggest potential to spearhead the success of medical tourism in China are Heart Bypass Surgery, Hip Replacement Surgery and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Keywords: Medical Tourism China JCI Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is Medical Tourism 1 1.2 Reasons for the popularity of Medical Tourism 2 1.3 Why do patients seek care at medical tourism destinations? 4 1.3.1 Low Cost 4 1.3.2 Avoid Waiting lists 6 1.3.3 Procedure not available in home country 6 1.3.4 Procedures unavailable or restricted by society and/or legal system 7 1.3.5 Tourism and vacations 7 1.3.6 Privacy and Confidentiality 7 Chapter 2 Global Market overview of Medical Tourism Industry 8 2.1 Rise...
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...wonderful facilitator of this course- Tourism Management, Management and Staff of The Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity (BIMAP). OBJECTIVES OF THIS TERM PAPER The objective of this term paper is to give a definition of inbound and outbound tourism, the rate of growth of inbound and outbound tourism in China and some of the trends associated with these growths. INBOUND AND OUTBOUND TOURISM IN CHINA INTRODUCTION: Tourism in China has greatly expanded over the last few decades since the beginning of reform and opening. The emergence of a newly rich middle class and an easing of restrictions on movement by the Chinese authorities are both fuelling this travel boom. China has become one of the world’s most-watched and hottest inbound and outbound tourist markets. The world is on the cusp of a sustained Chinese tourism boom. ( Factbox- Basic Facts about China`s economy). China is the third most visited country in the world. The number of overseas tourists was 55.98 million in 2010. Foreign exchange income was 45.8 billion U.S. dollars, the world's fourth largest in 2010. The number of domestic tourist visits totalled 1.61 billion, with a total income of 777.1 billion Yuan. According to the World Tourism Organisation, in 2020, China will become the largest tourist country...
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...Executive Summary We are glad to be of services to the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) - formerly known as Hong Kong Tourism Association, in presenting this consulting report on promoting Hong Kong as the “City of Life” and persuading the visitors from Mainland China to visit Hong Kong In this report, we will base on the two-year major promotional tourism campaign “City of Life: Hong Kong is it!” which launched by the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) in April 2001 to showcase to visitors from Mainland China the most interesting and attractive aspects of Hong Kong. We will also contribute ideas on tourism promotion for this campaign to persuade the visitors from Mainland China to visit Hong Kong. Four districts will be covered in this report that included Kowloon, Hong Kong Island, New Territories and the Outlying Islands. Besides, the most popular attractions in Hong Kong such as Shopping, Dinning and Sightseeing will also be particularly focused in this report. Furthermore, negative aspects of Hong Kong will also be specially highlighted. In the final part of this report, a special issue on Quality Tourism Services (QTS) that plays an important role in the tourism industry will also be discussed. Lastly, conclusion and the recommendations for the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) to further improvement will be included in this report 1 Introduction 1.1 The Hong Kong Tourism Tourism plays an essential role in Hong Kong’s economy. To further promote Hong Kong...
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...International Tourism Island In 2010, Chinese Government delivered the “fundamental future blueprint and action plan for the development of Hainan International Tourism Island over the next few years.” This implies that Hainan, the southernmost as well as the only completely tropical, island province of China, is going to open its arm to the entire world and to focus on attracting foreign visitors while continue to welcome people from inland China. Located in the South China Sea and separated from the mainland by the 24-km Qiongzhou Strait, Hainan is 33 920 km2 in area with a population of about 7.79 million people in 2002, comprising 1.34 million (17.2 per cent) ethnic minorities.(Kai Gu, Geoffrey Wall, 2) To most Chinese, Hainan Island is a paradise which is unaffected by pollution yielded from heavy industry; it is also a wonderful place to spend the long, freezing winter of people from northern China. The fresh air, the moderate climate, the brightly shiny white beach, the natural formed hot spring, the clear seawater with colorful marine organisms and the abundant tropical plants and fruits are all the tourism resources attracting tourists year after year since ancient dynasties of China. However, with the restriction of inconvenient transportation and unopened policies of old time Chinese government, the mass tourism with foreign visitors had never formed. With the new policy declared, government will definitely put immense fund to pump up the foreigner-focused tourism industry...
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...Research note Tourism shopping and its contributions to Hong Kong Introduction Tourism plays a very important role in the economy of Hong Kong. It is now earner of foreign the biggest exchange. The number of visitors has increased from 3.7 million in 1986 to nearly 10.2 million in 1995. Total tourism receipts in 1YYS were HK$74.9 billion, four times as much as in 1986.’ Tourism revenue represents consistently about 6% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Half of the tourist expenditure is on shopping. Tourism industry is contributing significantly to the retail trade in Hong Kong. For some visitors, shopping in Hong Kong has become the sole purpose of their visit. Tourism shopping*, therefore, is not only a major source of income from foreign visitors, but can itself provide a powerful attraction to bring them to Hong Kong. There arc seven major market areas for Hong Kong tourism: Europe (the UK, Germany, France and Italy), North America (the USA and Canada), Japan, Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), South East Asia (the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia), Taiwan and mainland China. In the 1980s North America, Europe and Japan were the three major tourist markets. Changes have been taking place over the past decade in terms of tourist markets, visitor characteristics, purpose of visits, choice of accommodation and visitor spending patterns. In recent years, Taiwanese and mainland Chinese tourists have led European and American tourists as the major...
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...Executive summary Tourism can be the main industry of Sunshine state Queensland. There are many famous tourist destinations in Queensland such as Brisbane and Gold Coast. According to the official statistics, there are 197,000 Chinese visitors travelled in Queensland until March 2011, which increased nearly 29% in the last 12 months period. Moreover, the number of Chinese visitors was a continuing grow trend from 2001 to 2010. It can be said that Chinese visitor has become a needful group for the Queensland tourism, thus, the new target market is the international visitors who come from China. SWOT analysis of Queensland Tourism Company presents that some internal facts such as the environment, tourist experiences can be the Strengths. Moreover, Weaknesses can be that the brand image and awareness is weak for these potential Chinese customers. The high rate of exchange has already become the Threat not only for the Queensland tourism but also Australia tourism. The first marketing strategy is that using the social media tool as a platform to communicate with the potential customers in China, the brand awareness and image of Queensland Tourism Company could be improved, it should be mentioned that this social media platform also used to do the promotional activities. Packaging strategy can be the second marketing strategy for the target market, in China, Sina Weibo got the huge population of registered users. The packaging strategy means that the registered users can use the...
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...overnight, forty years of comparative stasis in the business models governing airline reservation and ticket distribution turned into a dogfight as airlines, brick and mortar travel agents, online travel agents and GDS operators clashed over the approximately $180 billion market for airline travel. With ticket distribution costs comprising the third largest expense at some airlines, the battle promised to be fierce. The rapidly growing tourism sector in China has provided a good market environment for tourism enterprises, including travel agencies. In the five years through 2012, revenue for the Travel Agencies industry in China has increased at an annualized rate of 11.3% to $47.5 billion. With increasing demand for diversified tourism products such as luxury and high quality products, travel agencies have been developing new tourism products in order to meet the needs of the consumers. Revenue from the top four firms in the Travel Agencies industry in China – CITS Group Corporation, China CYTS Tours Holding, China Comfort Travel Group, and China Travel Service Head Office – accounted for less than 10.0% of total industry revenue in 2012. The industry has a low level of concentration with revenue spread across a large number of...
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...4 major trends in China’s tourism industry * Posted On: 13th November 2013 * By: Olivier * With 2 Comments 4 major trends in China’s tourism industry On March 25th, the world’s leading tourism technology partner Amadeus released a research report completed by Frost & Sullivan. The report reveals four trends that analyze the future direction of China’s tourism industry. These four trends include: technology and infrastructure applications increased for tourism; Chinese travelers demand more personalized; Asia Pacific travel barriers between countries diminishing and exit procedures more streamlined; high-end and low-end tourism market quick growth. The report noted that technological innovation is the driving factor in the four major trends. Commenting on the report, Amadeus Executive Officer of China, Bart Tompkins said: “The report researches the Chinese tourism market current and future development. In the rapidly changing market, the tourism industry must adapt to these changes and propose appropriate technical solutions, which are the tourism practitioners’ key to success in this fierce competition. Amadeus will work together with the Chinese tourism industry, with innovative technology, to find solutions to deal with these changes, and jointly promote Chinese tourism market with healthy and rapid development. “ CORE TREND ONE: LEAPFROG DEVELOPMENT The first trend to observe is this huge development of Chinese tourists as you can see on the graph below: ...
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