...Commission on Sustainable Development Seventh Session 19-30 April 1999, New York TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM Background Paper #1 Prepared by the World Travel and Tourism Organization and International Hotel and Restaurant Association The Global Importance of Tourism prepared by the World Travel & Tourism Council and International Hotel & Restaurant Association A. Introduction Creating jobs and wealth 1. Travel & Tourism is the world’s largest industry and creator of jobs across national and regional economies. WTTC/WEFA research show that in 2000, Travel & Tourism will generate, directly and indirectly, 11.7% of GDP and nearly 200 million jobs in the world-wide economy. These figures are forecasted to total 11.7% and 255 million respectively in 2010. 2. Jobs generated by Travel & Tourism are spread across the economy - in retail, construction, manufacturing and telecommunications, as well as directly in Travel & Tourism companies. These jobs employ a large proportion of women, minorities and young people; are predominantly in small and medium sized companies; and offer good training and transferability. Tourism can also be one of the most effective drivers for the development of regional economies. These patterns apply to both developed and emerging economies. Contributing to sustainable development 3. The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the Rio Earth Summit, identified Travel & Tourism...
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...fauna. In short, ecotourism operations are defined by their commitment to the environment, education, nature and culture. The main objectives of ecotourism are providing nature-based, environmental education experiences for visitors and managing this in a sustainable manner (Badan & Bhatt, 2005). Education enables students to understand the interconnectedness of various aspects of the global environment. Ecotourism embraces cooperative education which is a structured educational strategy that integrates class work with learning through productive fieldwork experiences that for practical applications to be realized. The relationship between ecotourism and education is majorly concerned with ensuring that agencies deliver effective interpretations of cultural, environmental and resource management values (Morgan, 1999). This type of education involves explanation, stimulation, provocation, revelation and understanding in an interesting and enjoyable fashion. The main challenge lies in the interpretation and options of relying on signage and brochures so as to change people's attitudes and actions towards their environment are considered as solutions to this challenge. Ecotourism offers a great opportunity for educational as well as personal growth as values of appreciation and attitude changes are instilled in participants which would...
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...fauna. In short, ecotourism operations are defined by their commitment to the environment, education, nature and culture. The main objectives of ecotourism are providing nature-based, environmental education experiences for visitors and managing this in a sustainable manner (Badan & Bhatt, 2005). Education enables students to understand the interconnectedness of various aspects of the global environment. Ecotourism embraces cooperative education which is a structured educational strategy that integrates class work with learning through productive fieldwork experiences that for practical applications to be realized. The relationship between ecotourism and education is majorly concerned with ensuring that agencies deliver effective interpretations of cultural, environmental and resource management values (Morgan, 1999). This type of education involves explanation, stimulation, provocation, revelation and understanding in an interesting and enjoyable fashion. The main challenge lies in the interpretation and options of relying on signage and brochures so as to change people's attitudes and actions towards their environment are considered as solutions to this challenge. Ecotourism offers a great opportunity for educational as well as personal growth as values of appreciation and attitude changes are instilled in participants which would lead to significant...
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...History of World Tourism The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is the leading international organization in the field of tourism, which promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. It encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism[1] to maximize the contribution of tourism to socio-economic development, while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is committed to promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), geared towards reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development. UNWTO generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies and instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world. UNWTO’s membership includes 156 countries, 6 territories and over 400 affiliate members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities. Its headquarters are located in Madrid, Spain. Grand Tour Modern tourism can be traced to what was known as the Grand Tour, which was a...
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...environment are interrelated in a complex way, with many variables. This report will address three main issues. This first issue is how the tourism industry faces a conflict of interest between investors wanting short-term return on investment and environmentally sustainable management. Second, environmental issues are often times limited to only natural environment, with a major focus on pollution, global climate change, resources consumption, and habitat/ecosystems. These issues remain very important, however, in order for effective environmentally sustainable management to take place, a broader topic of sustainability must be covered which includes dimensions of economics, equity and environment. This report will explain how ecotourism aims to address these issues. The third issue is “greenwashing.” A lack of standardization in ecotourism allows for some companies to deceive customers into thinking they have implement environmentally sustainable practices, when in reality they are simply taking advantage of the rising popularity of ecotourism to boost revenues. This paper will explore what has been done so far to address sustainability issues and what practices tourism operators need to adopt to become environmentally sustainable in terms of their long-term...
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...Sustainable tourism is a way for Canadian government to meet efficiently its economic and social needs of people. Introduction. "Sustainability - meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" BRUNTLAND REPORT (1987) Tourism is a major component of economic growth all over the world. Especially in coastal areas where it is also a for sustainable development. Tourism is expected to exert an increasing influence on coastal landscape, ecosystem and cultural heritage management. Coastal tourism, as well as tourism in general, is to a large extent dependant on an environment that is attractive to visitors. Consequently, protection of natural and cultural heritage is a precondition for sustainable coastal tourism. Protecting areas and sites constitutes an efficient and necessary way of safeguarding natural and cultural heritage. Therefore, such areas contribute strongly to sustainable coastal tourism, even though a sound balance between protection and development has to be strived for in each individual case. This is why the nations of the world have committed themselves to the sustainable development of their natural and cultural heritage by signing international agreements. Some of them specifically address coastal zones but the majority is more general and wide ranging. Natural heritage includes biodiversity, natural scenery, value for outdoor recreation, etc. and is best managed in line with the requirements...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Sustainable tourism development is actually taking proactive steps for long-term success that requires long-term sustainable tourism planning that brings all of the major local stakeholders to the table. It makes use of intelligent, sustainable tourism planning to focus on shared goals to move the entire community forward and create a Master Tourism Plan. And in addition major local stakeholders establish unique and creative funding options and marketing options that ensure success for the new tourism organization and the entire community as they move and grow into the future (Kerns, 2010). Local governments and tourism bureaus are the ones tasked with bringing all of the stakeholders to the table and creating a long-term, sustainable tourism master plan that will benefit everyone in the community. These leaders face the difficult task of managing very different groups while creating an attractive tourism product that encourages the desired type of tourist to visit. Local residents are essential partners in any tourism development efforts, as their lives will inevitably be touched by an increase in tourism. If the residents in a community are completely unwelcoming of tourism, then it will eventually fail. On the other hand, welcoming and friendly residents will create a warm and comfortable atmosphere where sustainable tourism will be able to flourish. Poorly planned tourism efforts will result in the failure of...
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...OUR PEOPLE OUR PERFORMANCE We performed extremely well on workplace safety and achieved our 2011 target on video conferencing and our 2011 milestone on Lamplighter. We made steady progress on the others. • 1 achieved • 7 on-plan • 0 off-plan • 0 missed target OUR APPROACH Our employees are essential to our business success and to achieving the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan targets. It is in our interest to ensure that all 171,000 of them are healthy, motivated and committed. Complementing our targets are three important areas which we keep under regular review - diversity, human and labour rights and training. DIVERSITY Unilever is an extremely diverse organisation in terms of its ethnic and cultural make-up. The Unilever Leadership Executive (ULE) comprises managers from five countries and the top 100 executives come from over 20. However, our gender mix is not what we want it to be. Although we have three female Non-Executive Directors on the Board, there is only one woman on the ULE. We are tackling the issue through a diversity board chaired by the CEO and by a requirement that the shortlist for each senior job should contain a woman. Since 2007, the proportion of women in senior positions has risen from 23% to 28%. More than 50% of our graduate recruits are women. In principle, the pipeline is being filled, but our task is to ensure many more reach the top levels. HUMAN AND LABOUR RIGHTS Unilever’s approach to human and labour rights is set out...
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...Products and Services Management Plan Business Structure Marketing Plan Market Analysis Emphasis on the Bottom of the Pyramid Competitors Financial Plan Financial Strategy Sources of Finance Projected Profit and Loss References Pages 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 1 Team 53 Executive Summary INNOVATE Education and Training is a global education company that provides general education and formal skills training solutions to people at low income levels, living in less developed countries around the world. INNOVATE will supply basic portable DVD players, or PDPs, at very low cost to communities and individuals who require education and skills training to aid in their development and welfare. The implementation of an ongoing educational DVD distribution program, using the PDPs as the medium through which education and skills training programs can be delivered to its users, will make up the second element of INNOVATE’s range of product and service offerings. By leveraging alliances and partnerships with governments and other large multinational companies around the world, INNOVATE will be able to utilize a profitable business model, which at the same time will have the potential to benefit millions of people in developing countries. Business Overview Business Opportunity Importance of Education For many years, education has been widely regarded as the means to economic prosperity, the key to combating unemployment, and the route to scientific and technological advancement...
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...Advantages and disadvantages of developing mass tourism Today tourism is one of the largest industries in the world. In some countries it is the main economic division. There is a wide variety of tourist types within the tourism market today,so much so that the term ‘average tourist’ has become irrelevant. (Murphy,1985) The United Nations states that ‘In Cambodia, one of the poorest countries in the world tourism is the main economic division was expected to generate 7.3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2004 and close to 400,000 jobs.’(United Nations, 2007).The most of people think that the economic impact of tourism is absolutely positive whereas the social and environmental impact is only negative. Indeed, increasing incomes to regions due to tourists are easy to see as well as numerous host-tourist conflicts and destruction of the environment and local cultures. However, tourism can have both positive and negative outcomes for residents in communities when sharing and preserving their culture and nature could be seen as conflicting goals.(McComick, B.E.2002,p303) Nevertheless here could be two sides of outcomes: positive and negative. The positive side is that tourism has brought booming business to many countries and causes economic growth Although tourism brings many jobs to countries and decrease unemployment. Also tourism supports business. Tourists purchase local goods and use local services such as attraction, entertainment and other. . However tourism has...
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...1.0 The growth of Tourism The increase of disposable income and leisure time in developed and wealthier countries, such as the United Kingdom, permitted people to take multiple holidays throughout the year. These factors, positively impacting the travel demand, facilitated the growth of the international tourist arrivals figures reported by the World Tourism Organization (2013), that highlighted a growth of 4% in 2012 and reporting at present a total number of 1.035 billion worldwide travellers. With the increase of the travel experience and the desire for new adventures, alternative forms of tourism have been blooming. Having been recognized as one the pillars for economic growth the tourism sector has shown the capability to adjust to the changing market conditions. Trends such as product development and diversification, the development of cheaper and faster access to new destination areas, the increased levels of ‘green awareness’ and the search for more sustainable alternatives to mass tourism resulted in the tendency of people to travel to more remote destinations. More environmentally conscious forms of tourism are therefore flourishing and the tendency towards shorter but more frequent trips permitted the rise in domestic tourism rates (Trew and Cockerell 2002). As according to the Tourism Alliance (2012) in fact, it has been possible to highlight that in 2011 the inbound tourism revenue grew at over 5 times the rate of the economy as a whole, while it has been reported...
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...hospitality industry might fact in the year ahead respectively. Top issues that will influence the global hospitality industry in the year ahead include sustainable development calls for green hospitality, labor cost, multicultural issues and higher education. Challenges that facing hospitality include will include operating issues, marketing issues, technological issues and economic issues. Identified ten key trends that, taken together, we believe will shape the hospitality sector this year and for years to come include rapid growth in vacation ownership, integration & globalization, new management. Key words: Issues; Challenges; Trends; Hospitality Industry 1. ISSUES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 1.1 Sustainable Development Calls for Green Hospitality Going green is a white-hot issue in the hospitality-design industry. People are beginning to look at sustainable solutions in a whole new way. The perception of green has changed; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. As a sign of its sweeping popularity, one of the best attended sessions at the recent Lodging Conference in Phoenix was: “Going Green: Environmentally Profitable Hotels.” Some of the pioneers of the green hospitality movement, there were to share their challenges and triumphs in working toward a carbon constrained future. The basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a three-part balance, expressed as “profits, people, and planet.” By taking those three...
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...Assignment: TLE *Choose your desired topic to research on the internet Topic #1 Puerto Prinsesa subterranean river #2 Tubataha Reef #3 Coron Island Visit websites associated to the chosen topic & complete information of the following areas: 1.Unique description of the tourist destinations. 2. Government and NGO environmental programs. 3. Role of the public in the reservation of the environmental and heritage sites. Coron Island Coron Island or Calis as the Tagbanuas called it, is the third largest island among the Calamianes group Islands. Coron is a part of the ancestral domain of the Tagbanuas. Meaning, some of the places here in Coron are exclusive and are not open for the public. The Government of the Philippines gave the right to them due to these following reasons: Many Tagbanuas spend their lives protecting and maintaining the beauty of the island, and this Island serves as the burial place of their loved ones. Due to this ancestral right, Tagbanuas are very cautious when it comes in allowing tourists to enter certain places. Coron is one of the best tourist attractions here at the Philippines. Along the Island, you can find white sand beaches, lagoons, and many more attractions. These include Kayangan lake, Barracuda lake, Twin Lagoons, Banol beach, Beach 91, Atuwayan Beach, Maynuno Beach, Skeleton wreck and many more. One of the attractions here is the Siete Pecados Marine Park. It is a cluster of 7 limestone islets in the entrance of the Coron...
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...Introduction Robinson and Novelli (2005) note ‘niche tourism’ has become a growing trend occurring in current years in contrast to what is frequently related to as ‘mass tourism’. Cusack and Dixon (2006) add niche tourism is known to present diversity and provide opportunities with a form of tourism that aims towards sustainability alongside considering expenditure from tourists. Furthermore, it suggests a more practical set of strategies that distinguishes tourists. Gartner (1996) demonstrates how niche tourism consists of distinct interests, culture and/or activity built tourism including small proportion of tourist in authentic surroundings. Moreover, niche tourism can fall into more specific categories where cultural, environmental, rural and urban sectors are different components to consider when understanding the concept niche tourism (Robinson and Novelli, 2005). Drawing on key literature about eco-tourism planning and how ecotourism is marketed, this report studies the ecotourism prospects in Costa Rica. It also examines elements impacting this specific type of niche which considers the consistent alterations to make the destination more sustainable for tourists. This report will firstly focus on understanding the concept of ecotourism and the principles implemented. This leads on to discussion for focusing on the case study of Costa Rica and how it has developed into an ecotourism destination. Furthermore, a critical discussion of the approaches undertaken by the...
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...and this is more realistic in the context of our country Bangladesh. Even we, when first assigned with this particular topic as our research project, did not have clear idea what ecotourism exactly was all about. Later, we studied in detail regarding the concept and got to what ecotourism actually is. Two topics that have attracted growing interest in anthropology in the past decade or two are tourism and the environment. Regarding tourism, increasingly people see vacations as a necessary corrective for what they perceive as a more and more stressful working life. Increasingly also, people see the environment as under threat from the profit‐seeking growth that drives corporations. Ecotourism can be broadly defined as an idea of leisure travel that has the object of enjoying features of what is seen as the natural environment in a way that has minimal negative consequences for the environment. Ecotourism is generally taken to include a sociocultural element, the intention of seeing and interacting with people (often identified as “indigenous”) whose customs and appearance seem exotic and attractive and doing so in a way that respects and benefits them. Bangladesh has lots of marvelous tourism spots but most of them are still unexplored by the relevant authority. Having all the minimum requirements, the tourism industry could not develop adequately in Bangladesh. The cracks of problem could not be identified accurately because of paucity of sufficient number of research and investigations...
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