...information systems in that they directly support business operations. They must be designed in conjunction with the organisation’s procedures. The transaction data obtained from a TPS is stored in an information system and processed using a range of application software. It usually involves updating a database to reflect changes to the transaction data. The main information processes of a TPS are collecting and storage. If a TPS is used to record a sale and generate a receipt, the transaction data is collected at the POS terminal and then stored using an online database. The four important characteristics of a TPS are rapid response, reliability, inflexibility and controlled processing. • Rapid response. Fast performance with a rapid response time is critical. Businesses cannot afford to have customers waiting for a TPS to respond. The turnaround time from the input of the transaction to the production of the output must be a few seconds or less. • Reliability. Many organisations rely heavily on their TPS. A breakdown will disrupt operations or even stop the business. For a TPS to be effective, its failure rate must be very low. If a TPS does fail, then quick and accurate recovery must be possible. This makes well-designed backup and recovery procedures essential. • Inflexibility. A TPS wants every transaction to be processed in the same way regardless of the user, the customer...
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...Toyota's decision to implement lean production methods using Supply Change Management models in North America was successful to eliminate lag and waste, However, adopting this methodology in North America was risky regarding currency fluctuations. A recommendation that Toyota consider the financial aspects dealing with currency prior to additional construction and already risky adoption of lean methods in North America distribution centers. These currency fluctuations could confound the bottom line when working with analytics for input and output. as well as the This statement regarding a choice to expand production in North America was made by Coca-Cola 10K (2010) financial assessment. “Our international operations are subject to certain opportunities and risks, including currency fluctuations and government actions. We closely monitor our operations in each country and seek to adopt appropriate strategies that are responsive to changing economic and political environments and to fluctuations in foreign currencies. We use approximately 60 functional currencies. Due to our global operations, weaknesses in some of these currencies are often offset by strengths in others. In 1999, 1998, and 1997, the weighted-average exchange rates for foreign currencies, and for certain individual currencies, strengthened and weakened against the U.S. dollar (Coca-Cola 10K, 2010). Using Just in Time (JIT) inventory management methods, as current Toyota Distribution Centers do in North...
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...deviate from the principles of the Toyota Production System? Identify at least three deviations from the TPS Model associated with the problem prevention solving method? During seat installation, it was discovered that defected seats were being delivered by KFS Manufacturing. This resulted in a high level of cars being pulled from the assembly line and sent to an offline repair area, also known as “the repair clinic”. As the cars accumulated in the repair clinic, TMM began to address the problem as follows: First, a team member pulled the andon cord to report the problem to the team leader before installing the defective seat. As this point, the team leader pulled the andon cord to signal “ok” and to tag the cars to alert Q.C. members about the defective seat problem. The car then went through the regular assembly line as usual with the defective seat installed. This is where the first deviation from the TPS model began. In the TPS model, repair of the seat would have been attempted on the line. This did not happen. Instead, the problem started to manifest into many problems, the failure of not adhearing to andon created“Never produce a defect – never pass a defect on” occurred when the cars were allowed to continue through the assembly line According to the TPS model, problems are solved in space & time as close as possible to where the problem occurred. In the TPS Model, an attempt to resolve the problem should have taken place right there at the seat installation...
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...cars that meet or exceed that of their competition, while taking into consideration the impact on our environment. Through the years many types of cars can be associated with the Toyota brand, but it is the introduction of the Lexus line of cars in 1989 that has helped to keep Toyota at the forefront of innovation and design. Early in 2000 Toyota took on the daunting task of deciding where to manufacture the Lexus RX300. Through careful analysis it was decided that the Toyota Motor Manufacturing of Canada (TMMC) would get this task. How this decision was derived came from the efforts of an independent consulting firm called the Hawks. They utilized production analysis and concepts derived and refined out of Toyota’s Production System (TPS) from Andon to Yokoten, as well as, Grid Analysis and Decision tree to assess how best Toyota should expand its production capabilities. The decision on how and where to move the new production facility was made by the leaders of the Toyota Production System. Their goal was to understand and determine where best production could benefit Toyota strategically before making a decision of this magnitude. This thorough examination also helped to identify the many challenges the Toyota production team...
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...Sony TPS-L2 Walkman The sony TPS-L2 walkman was the first Walkman invented by the Sony Corporation which changed the way that music was listened to and enjoyed.. The core people behind its development were Sony Founder and Chief Advisor, the late Masaru Ibuka, who was then Sony Honorary Chairman, and the Sony Founder and Honorary Chairman Akio Morita, then Sony Chairman. They came up with the idea of sticking headphones onto a cassette player and gave their developer Kozo Ohsone to make it happen. On the year 1979, July 1st, the world’s first first commercially available personal stereo cassette player was launched in Japan bearing a price tag to the tune of $200.00 USD. It was later introduced in the US in June 1980. This device came in metal-cased blue-silver and with one pair of MDR-3L2 headphones. It had a Plastic case and ran using 2 AA size batteries. Apparently fearful that the consumers would consider the Walkman too antisocial, Sony built the first units with two headphone jacks permitting two people to listen at the same time. The TPS-L2 also had a "hotline" button which activated a small built-in microphone, partially overriding the sound from the cassette, and allowing one user to talk to the other over the music. Originally marketed as the "Soundabout" in the U.S., the "Stowaway" in the U.K., and the "Freestyle" in Sweden, SONY soon had the new name "Walkman" embossed into the metal tape cover of the device. When the follow-up model, "Walkman II" came out...
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...國立暨南國際大學102學年度第1學期 國際策略管理 【Term Project - Proposal】 一、研究動機－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.2 二、公司簡介－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.2 三、公司願景與使命－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.3 四、目標客群定位－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.3 五. 公司名稱由來－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.3 六、品牌歷史與塑造－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.4 七、產品和服務－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.4 八、財報分析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.5 九、未來方向－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.6 十、結論－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.6 十一、附錄－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－P.7 一、研究動機 在世界成衣業的發展動向中，美國成衣市場扮演了一席之地。自2008年金融風暴之後，世界經濟進入不景氣的狀況，消費者對於消費方式的改變，使得成衣市場受到相當大的衝擊。以往採取大量製造、降低成本的生產模式，已不再合乎現代消費者的需求。 有別於其他業者，Abercrombie & Fitch (以下簡稱A&F)的目標客群鎖定「18歲到22歲，外貌與身材出眾的白人」，也堅持不賣大尺碼的衣服。商品定位在「休閒奢華」的運動服飾。此外，其廣告模特兒甚至店員全都是外貌出眾的年輕男女，一方面雖然成功的建立獨特的品牌文化，卻也招來許多批評和糾紛，其中包括種族歧視和員工待遇等問題，同為美國服飾品牌的Tommy Hilfiger就曾因為歧視華人而吃上官司，而2005年以前的蘋果也是強調市場區隔的經典個案。 但近年來，A&F積極在美國以外的地方開拓市場，甚至在亞洲開設分店。原先的品牌定位和市場區隔，似乎有了新的定位。而轉變背後的原因和過程以及未來的市場策略，包括消費者心態對於商品定位的影響等，成了我們主要研究的動機和方向。 二、公司簡介 A&F，美國休閒第一大牌，是當今年輕人最青睐的品牌，也是風靡美國大學生的品牌之一。1892年創立于美國紐約的A&F，已是美國本土的百年品牌，目前旗下共有Abercrombie & Fitch、Abercrombie Kids、Hollister、Gilly Hicks四個子品牌。 A&F的服裝在簡約的款式中做出有趣的創意設計，以高格調、高質量及超清新的美國街頭休閒風格為出發點，並站在年輕人的喜好角度，用音樂、運動及簡約款式來表現服裝的內涵，這樣的潮流由美加各地不斷漫延開來，深受歐美和亞洲青少年喜愛，其標誌性十足、誘惑力十足的美式形象風行全球，成為全球時尚的新指標。 Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (簡稱：A&F) | 創立時間及國家 | 1892年6月4日成立於美國紐約曼哈頓 | 代表人物 | David Abercrombie (大衛·亞伯克隆畢)─創立者Ezra Fitch (埃茲拉·費區)─共同創立者Michael Jeffries (麥克·傑佛瑞斯)─CEO兼總裁 | A&F公司總部 | 美國俄亥俄州新奧爾巴尼市 | 股票代號 | NYSE：ANF；為上市公司 | 產品類別 | 男、女休閒裝、運動裝、內衣 | 旗下四大品牌 | Abercrombie &...
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...Top - down and bottom- up planning -Virutha COLLAPSE ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Top-down planning Top-down planning is referred to as strategy in which business decisions are established at senior level or top management and employees are expected to fall into place and follow the commands and instructions.Top-down project planning is focused on laying out specific expectations for the employees seeking guidance or advice and instructions. As employees are not included in any of the decision making process. They are mostly motivated through either fear or incentives. Positive implications * Employees Know Their Roles - Employees know their roles and follow specific methodology. In a business which requires exacting steps, top-down planning can provide a good fit to management and those employees who enjoy being directed and want to know their everyday task. * Levels the performance Field - A very minimal sense of competition among the rank- and –file. As management possess the highest power of decision making ,each employees will understand that they are in the same boat and coming up with new ideas will not necessarily get anyone ahead. There's no need to worry about being upstaged by a particularly ingenious colleague. * Easy to evaluate - Top down planning begins board, becomes more specific and easy to evaluate as move down to hierarchy * Faster Process - The top-down approach is less time-intensive, save lots of...
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...Field Trip Report My field trip report is on a Broadway musical that my husband took me to see just last week in New York City. Based on the popular 1994 film of the same name, Priscilla Queen of the Desert follows two drag queens and a transsexual who buy a run-down old bus (they call it Priscilla) and set out on a road trip across the Australian Outback when one of them, Tick, is invited by his ex-wife to perform his drag show at her far-away resort. I like this musical because it presents my beautiful costumes and the scenes are so magical. The way that this musical is done just shows the talent and dedication these dancers have in the play. Featuring dance and disco tunes from the likes of Madonna, Cyndi Lauper and Donna Summer, Priscilla is filled with incredibly imaginative and over-the-top costumes, drag makeup and dance numbers that maintain an energetic pulse throughout the show. A life size bus even moves around onstage. I went to go see the show and let me tell you that it was the best thing I have ever seen. The costumes, design, facility, and many other things were just amazing. When my husband and I got there to New York City was just beautiful. I have just seen New York in magazines or in television but never in real life. I was just surprised and over helmed of how beautiful time square was. I just felt like if everything was possible in that moment. As we moved further to see the show and went inside the view that we got of the show was just very good. We...
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...Three weeks ago，Our team was informed that we need to develop a project idea based on the Toyota Production System A3 problem solving method. Then we started to study this method. The TPS A3 problem solving method is so named because it is written on an A3 sized paper (metric equivalent of 11” x 17”). It is a good way for management to structure and “discipline” the improvement process. First of all, we must select a process within an industry sector or organization, and this process must not be ideal. Coincidentally, we have a friend who express parcel is lost, and this package is still very important for him. So we decided to study the process of courier. Through our survey, we find that British courier companies have three main issues; they are package lost, parcel delays and poor service; so we focus on how to improve the efficiency of the parcel delivery process. In order to facilitate our follow-up research, we chose Hermes Company as a representative. Firstly, we use the process map to analyze the current conditions. This approach can clearly demonstrate the each step of the process, because process map has many icons, such as storage, Transport, Decide and so on. Receipt of the parcel from customers is the start of the process; then courier companies need to classify the parcel; the third step will be to verify express delivery information. Afterwards, if it is a short-distance transport, the couriers will direct delivery to the customer's home; if it is long-distance...
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...How to get motivated? Motivation is the reason behind a person’s actions or reactions. It is the driving force that makes people stroll along the path to success with ease, defying any obstacle that comes in their way. Simultaneously, it can also be the sole reason due to which a person develops an inability to succeed. More importantly, today we are going to identify why the latter occurs and how can it be rectified. Why does a person get stuck in a rut? Why does a person think that they can never achieve what they set out to do? Every now and then you, me and all of us set these goals of losing a couple of inches of fat, spending more time with our loved ones, getting the promotion that we’ve always been dreaming of. What is it that stops us from accomplishing these goals and how can we overcome this fortress of demotivation? Let’s have a look at some of the approaches that we’ve identified that could help: 1) ‘The Carrot and The Stick’ Approach: Usually, when people set out to strive for a goal they forget about the finer things in life and forget to relish what they have achieved already. On the other hand, when people become totally lethargic about having to do something and they simply can’t figure out a way to get themselves to start work then the best way to go about it is to follow ‘The Carrot and Stick’ approach to motivate themselves. In layman terms, the carrot is the reward and the stick is the punishment. This approach illustrates that a system that...
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...TPS-FASTT “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden Title: Perhaps the poem is a description of the coziness and the joy of Sundays during winter; a time for indoors, family, hot chocolate, etc. I expect much imagery pertaining to cold weather, togetherness, and other winter wonderland type visuals. The word “those” is used to describe the winter Sundays, so therefore it is looked at as a common topic. Paraphrase: Both the son and his father got up early on Sundays, his father put his clothes on in the cold, and with his aching, cracked hands from the labor and weather, he put on the fire, and no one thanked him. The son woke up to feel the cold break with the fire, and his father called him when it was warm, he would dress, so that his father would not lecture him. The son spoke indifferently to the man who drove out the cold and polished his shoes. He explains that he didn’t know of love’s austere and lonely offices. Speaker: The speaker could be Robert Hayden himself, describing his regret for not appreciating his loving father. He is depicted in the poem as a little boy, oblivious to his father’s hard work and care and only concern about his dislike for the lectures. He regrets “speaking indifferently” (10) to his father and explains, “What did I know, what did I know of love...” (13). Figurative Language:` In the first stanza there is much repetition of consonants, “The blueblack cold, with cracked hands that ached, from labor in the weekday...
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...TPS, DSS, and EIS all house sensitive information that is crucial to a company’s success. The overriding theme of these three systems is to aid in improving a company’s efficiency and productivity. Each system accomplishes these goals, increased efficiency and productivity, by specializing in certain aspects of information and combining them to form a progress report so that a company may note its strengths and weaknesses. The three systems (TPS, DSS, and EIS) build off of one another, with TPS being at the bottom and DSS and EIS at the top, to an organized report of business operations. The TPS is the basic busi9ness system that serves analysts in an organization. This system collects and stores data such as payroll, shipping, and inventory data. This data progresses up to the managerial level to help form the DSS. The DSS summarizes TPS data into categories like sales data and transportation data and is crucial in forming managerial reports. Much like the DSS, the EIS summarizes TPS data in combination with external information (i.e. stock market info.) to create executive reports. While I am sure there are countless ways an employees can use sensitive data to damage his company I am only going to cover a few. If an employee decided to steal DSS data the given company could run the risk of being passed by a competitor. Most companies are likely to do anything to gain an advantage on a competitor so if an employee, with access to sensitive data, decides to sell information...
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...Respuestas: Ejercicio 1: a)Sin lugar a dudas, los resultados coinciden con los de Mroz. Por el otro lado, encontramos un valor sospechoso en la variable WHRS. En particular, el máximo es de 4950 horas trabajadas en el año 1975. Es decir, esta cantidad de horas no es común (si suponemos que trabajasen un promedio de 10 horas por día harían falta 495 días). b) WALas mujeres que trabajaron eran más jóvenes pero, como hay solo 1 año de diferencia fue considerado irrelevante. WE En promedio, las mujeres que trabajan poseen 1 año más de educación pero nuevamente no es relevante ya que ese año no hace la diferencia. K618 En este caso, los valores coinciden HA El valor de la media difiere muy poco HE En este caso es lo mismo HHRS En este caso, las horas trabajadas por el esposo son mayores cuando la mujer notrabaja, entendible al ser el único individuo que se encarga de mantener el hogar. KL6 En cuanto a esta variable, es entendible que sea mayor cuando la mujer no seencuentra trabajando ya que le dedica más tiempo a la crianza de sus hijos. HW Con respecto al salario del esposo, este es mayor cuando la esposa no trabaja. Respecto al salario de reserva de las mujeres, este es mayor cuando tiene hijos pequeños (en estecaso<6 años). Es decir, para que la mujer trabaje, el salario del trabajo > salario de reserva que ellatiene y este último depende de la cantidad de hijos pequeños y del marido AX Esta variable muestra una gran diferencia entre la mujer que se encuentra...
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...Prof. Gustavo Vulcano Ayudante: Ing. Pablo Scasso DIRECCIÓN DE OPERACIONES (MBA 2015 Intensivo) Trabajo Práctico #1 Forma de trabajo: Grupal. Fecha de entrega: Lunes 3/8, vía e-mail a pablo.scasso@diagroup.com y gvulcano@utdt.edu. La entrega debe efectuarse en un solo archivo doc o pdf. Podrá utilizarse un archivo Excel como apéndice para cálculos auxiliares. Pregunta #1 (20 puntos) Seleccionen la organización/compañía para la que trabaje algún miembro de su grupo. Describan en un párrafo la estrategia corporativa o la de la unidad de negocios para la que el miembro del grupo trabaje. Luego, en otro párrafo, identifiquen la estrategia operativa. Más abajo, en un tercer párrafo, describan aspectos centrales de la estructura operativa (es decir, algunos de los procesos implementados) que materializan la estrategia operativa. ¿Están ambas estrategias alineadas? ¿Pueden identificar algún aspecto para el que no estén alineadas? ¿Qué procesos podrían implementarse para corregir algún potencial desalineamiento? Nota: La respuesta a esta pregunta debe ser concisa, no debiendo exceder una carilla y media. El objetivo es la discusión entre los distintos miembros del grupo, más allá de que uno sea el que conozca los detalles estratégicos. Pregunta #2 (15 puntos) Supongamos que están a cargo de la gestión operativa de una compañía manufacturera de tipo línea de producción (assembly line) que actualmente trabaja a un 65% de utilización, algo considerado normal para ese tipo de sistema...
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...Essay It is so hard for outsiders to implement a TPS-like Production System because of confusion between the tools and practices they may see on the plant, and the system itself. There is a paradox that all the activities, links and production flows in a Toyota factory are rigidly regulated, and at the same time the system is very flexible and adaptable, which is difficult to unravel for the outsiders. They do not often understand that it is this rigidly regulated system itself that makes all the operational flexibility and improvement possible, and stimulates the creation of the community of scientists (factory workers) who actually use scientific methods to make the workflow to be more efficient and straightforward. That means the activities and processes are constantly being challenged in order to improve the performance and increase the efficiency. Another problem for successful imitation is that this system and its methods are not actually written anywhere, neither were they officially imposed or consciously chosen. That’s why Toyota workers can hardly explain it in a systematic way, and the outsiders have difficulty grasping it, especially considering that the organizational changes are often made at a very low level. The system developed gradually over the company’s more than 6 decades in operation, and Toyota has become a learning organization that stimulates experimenting, which very much distinguishes it from other companies. According to the article, there are...
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