...Kong's vigorous pop cinema (especially Hong Kong action cinema) has long had a strong cult following, which is now arguably a part of the cultural mainstream, widely available and imitated. Especially between the 1970's - 1990's, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of Asian movie in that time. Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strict rule. " Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways ". Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship system are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western...
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...In the 1930’s, a wave of Jewish refugees fled to Shanghai to escape the horrors of an impending Holocaust. Although at first comfortably ensconced in the city the Japanese army soon forced the Jewish community to live in a ghetto. In an effort to transplant and sustain their culture in Shanghai, the Jewish population, mostly from Central Europe, established their own businesses in the area. This area eventually became “Little Vienna” because it appeared to be an Austrian-style street in the Jewish ghetto. After World War II, most of the Jews emigrated from Shanghai and soon after “Little Vienna” ceased to exist. In recent years, the opening of the Shanghai Jewish Refugee Museum and the influx of immigrants into the city have led to a rebirth...
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...forward such as the problem of Confucianism and technological development, vernacularism and the classical language, and our ethical practices to name a few. This stance to challenge encourages people to introduce new academic theories, to which it is developed and adjusted. To a substantial extent, I agree with Hu Shi’s interpretation of the May fourth movement. After all, it appears that throughout history, society tends to replace traditional institutions through a process of reflection and creative destruction. In concordance with Chiang Monlin’s interpretation, Hu Shi views the May fourth movement as an “emancipating movement”. The movement was an era of challenge. Tradition was challenged by reason, authority was challenged by freedom, and suppression was challenged by humanist values. The movement was faced with a surge of radicalized idea’s many of whom were influenced by western politics. Communism was born with the downfall of the Russian Tsar Nicholas ll in 1917, and nationalism was born out of foreign imperialism. Culturally, china was previously dominated by Confucianism values, which was not only...
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...(paper). It has been defined as "A form of visual / sculptural representation that is defined primarily by the folding of the medium (usually paper)." Contrary to the common assumption, historians believe that origami did not originate in Japan, but in China in the first century AD. At that time, someone realized the inherent delight that one gets from folding a simple piece of paper into a masterpiece. The art form quickly spread across the globe--to Europe, Arabia, and then Japan; taking a firm hold in the culture and religion of the Japanese people. It became an intrinsic part of traditional samurai classes and kimono patterns. Origami forms were passed down from father to son. The pattern of folds and turns was carefully repeated and improved; from generation to generation by mouth and hand. Sadly, many origami forms were lost over the years because the oral tradition was not carried on. The first origami manuals were published in the late 1700's and early 1800's. These manuals contained many traditional forms as well as standard folds and procedures. Modern origami is a product of a cultural exchange between East and West. In truth it is not as much a part of Japanese culture as it is an amalgam of Europe and Japan. In the 1930's, a modern origami master, Akira Yoshizawa created thousands of origami forms, many of which we use today. He is the creator of the system of symbols and terms commonly used in origami books. Bibliography Anderson, Eric M. "Origami History." August...
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...filled with unacceptance as a Chinese Modernist painter. He died living with unfulfilled dream. On the other hand, his works have become a reflection of the Chinese American point of view in times without unity and boundaries set to constrain and control the lives of fellow humans. The painting, 'New Year's Day in San Francisco's China Town' opens the viewer to a grand monumental depiction of China Town in vivid blocks of colors, but the lack of social activity and emptiness of the place lead us to think just that of it. The strokes created rays of light in a hopeful direction. The lack of social activity might relate to an illusion of a place with horizontally hopeful structure. It is an...
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...2) great wall represents china and hoover dam america All countries have symbols or unique history that set them apart. Constructed during the Qin Dynasty, the Great Wall of China’s significance stems from its unique history; the architecture was incredible for its time. Similarly, a powerful symbol in The United States of America represents American ingenuity and is also a amazing architectural feat, the Hoover Dam. Consequently, the Hoover Dam of the United States of America and the Great Wall of China are comparable. Similarly, they are both considered wonders of the world; therefore, they are obviously incredible. Because the Great Wall of China and the Hoover Dam of America were such large projects, they both required lots of manpower....
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...The McDonaldization of China A Curriculum Project 2009 Fulbright‐Hays Seminars Abroad to China Lynn Guenette Sociology Instructor Rochester Community and Technical College Rochester MN © 2008 NCUSCR • 71 West 23rd Street, Suite 1901 • New York, NY 10010-4102 • (212) 645-9677 • www.ncuscr.org Introduction The author had the privilege of traveling to China on a Fulbright‐Hays study tour during the summer of 2009. While sociologists have been studying the effects of McDonaldization in U.S. society since 1993, few have studied how Chinese society has been influenced by this phenomenon. James Watson and his team studied the phenomenon in 1997 and their book, “Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia” is an excellent resource for anyone studying this topic, especially the first two chapters. During a lecture at Chongqing University, Professor Zhang Jin mentioned that the idea of Scientific Management was being explored in China during the early 20th century by such business leaders as Lu Zuofu with his experiment at Beibei. This “model society” was implementing the same values in the early 20th century that McDonald’s later touted in the U.S. fifty years later. The author suspected that they had a common ancestor in Taylorism, a business model developed in the U.S. around 1900. Further research found that indeed, they shared that common ideology. Could this be the reason that the Chinese have adapted so ...
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...Assess the extent to which social policies reflect and support the traditional nuclear family (24 marks) A social policy refers to the plans and actions of government agencies, such as health, welfare benefits, schools etc. These can often be used by politicians to promote certain family structures, which they believe to be ‘ideal’. There are many examples of policies which the government use to try and promote the traditional nuclear family which is commonly seen as the family ideology. One example is the 1930’s Nazi government who wanted to create an Aryan race and put policies in place to sterilize certain groups to prevent them from having children. Another more recent example is China’s two child policy which was out in place to reduce the population of China. This involves women having to ask before getting pregnant and fines for couples who exceed the two child limit. Government policies commonly support the traditional values of the nuclear family through many government institutions, which can happen directly or indirectly. One example of this is the way in which schools structure their hours and holidays. The school’s hours assume that a parent (usually the mother) is at home and is able to pick the children up, which reinforces the roles within the nuclear family of the mother being the housewife and child carer. The New Right governments in the 1980’s and 1990’s particularly stressed the importance of the nuclear family, as they saw all other family types as...
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...The business literature is overflowing with concepts. Some of these, usually only a few, manage to stay ‘in the spotlight’ for longer; Chandler’s (1962; 1990) ‘managerial enterprise’ is among them. His theory links strategic decisions, internal structures and corporate performance and despite its criticism, it is still used to explain corporate success (and failure) of the late19th, 20th and even the 21st century (Gospel, 1988:105). In contrast to the contingency approach, Chandler (1990) advocates the American way of organisation as the ‘one best way’ for all countries [1] . Yet, can one size fit all? We shall refer to different country examples, industries and time periods to find out. Chandler argued that large managerial enterprises have managed to prosper through the years due to a basic economic logic, which he named ‘three-pronged strategy’ [2] (Chandler, 1995). According to this concept, firms should invest heavily in both their production and distribution functions in order to fully exploit economies of scale and scope at a national and international level (Chandler, 1990; 1995). This can only happen when the firm relies on the accurate judgment of skilful professional management. The aim was to create organisational capabilities and benefit from first-mover advantages via ‘related diversification’ (Chandler, 1995; Whittington et al., 1999). The implemented structure can best be described, using the author’s own words, as ‘centralised and functionally-departmentalised’...
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...Prompt: To what extent did the goals of American foreign policy change in the years 1930-1941? For what reasons did these goals change? The 1930s were a difficult time for most Americans. Faced with colossal economic hardships—unprecedented in American history—many Americans turned inward to focus on the worsening situation at home. The United States became increasingly insensitive to the obliteration of fellow democracies at the hands of brutal fascist leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. The U.S. was determined to stay out of war at all costs—even if its allies were in trouble; Americans believed that they were immune from Europe’s problems as long as they refused to get involved. However, as the “free” countries fell, one by one, to the Nazi war machine, Americans began to realize the folly of their foolish optimism and clamored for increasing involvement in foreign affairs. American foreign policy changed in the years 1930-1941 as Americans realized that fascism would likely conquer all of Europe unless Americans acted quickly. Ultimately, it was fear of the fascist threat to American democracy that triggered the end of American isolationism and inaugurated the era of American interventionism. World War I had left a bitter taste in the mouths of many Americans; many believed that the U.S. had been tricked into joining the war for the wrong reasons, and they were determined to avoid making the same mistake twice. After the Great War, Americans were disappointed to realize that...
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...The 1930s were a difficult time for most Americans. Faced with colossal economic hardships—unprecedented in American history—many Americans turned inward to focus on the worsening situation at home. The United States became increasingly insensitive to the obliteration of fellow democracies at the hands of brutal fascist leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. The U.S. was determined to stay out of war at all costs—even if its allies were in trouble; Americans believed that they were immune from Europe’s problems as long as they refused to get involved. However, as the “free” countries fell, one by one, to the Nazi war machine, Americans began to realize the folly of their foolish optimism and clamored for increasing involvement in foreign affairs. American foreign policy changed in the years 1930-1941 as Americans realized that fascism would likely conquer all of Europe unless Americans acted quickly. Ultimately, it was fear of the fascist threat to American democracy that triggered the end of American isolationism and inaugurated the era of American interventionism. World War I had left a bitter taste in the mouths of many Americans; many believed that the U.S. had been tricked into joining the war for the wrong reasons, and they were determined to avoid making the same mistake twice. After the Great War, Americans were disappointed to realize that the war was fought for null; World War I was not the “War to End Wars” as advertised by the government propaganda. The disappointment...
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...international socialism and fascism and responses to the gathering storms going on in Asia and Europe by allowing him to focus on America and develop programs such as The New Deal as well as implement Neutrality Acts. In From Colony to Superpower, George Herring deconstructs isolationism: The term isolationism has often and mistakenly been applied to all of U.S. history. It works best for the 1930s. To be sure, the United States never sought to cut itself off completely as China and Japan had done before the nineteenth century. Americans took a keen interest in events abroad, maintained diplomatic contact with other nations, and sought to sustain a flourishing trade. But their passionate 1930s quest to insulate the nation from foreign entanglements and war fully merits the label isolationist (522). FDR entered office during one of the country’s toughest periods, the Great Depression. Herring writes, “The years from 1931 to 1941 brought major changes in the U.S. foreign policy. Responding to the Great Depression and the threat of a new world war, Americans in the mid-1930’s embraced isolationist attitudes and endorsed neutrality policies…” (1055). What made Roosevelt one of the most popular presidents of the United States was his naturally strong and deep connection to the people of America. His leadership skills smoothly guided the nation through its dilemmas and ultimately influenced its characteristic. Courage brought Franklin D. Roosevelt into presidency during...
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...A TERM PAPER ON GST 111: USE OF ENGLISH TOPIC: THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE WRITTEN BY: UWEM, HOPE OKON REG NO. 08/BA/IN/022 DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED TO DR. MRS. DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. FEBRUARY, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, death, and disease. Throughout history, illness has been attributed to witchcraft, demons, astral influence, or the will of the gods. These ideas still retain some power, with faith healing and shrines still used in some places, although the rise of scientific medicine over the past millennium has altered or replaced mysticism in most cases. The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions. The Egyptians and Babylonians both introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, and medical examination. The Hippocratic Oath, still taken by doctors today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE, Horstmanshoff et al (2004:7). In the medieval era, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the invention of the microscope would later lead to the germ theory of disease. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics...
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...The effect of magazine cover on society Although the forming of a culture is complex, media have an important impact on culture, especially in a society which its culture is in conflict or being shaped. “The media have the power to engage and entertain, to create and destroy, to open spaces and to close them” (Grossberg et al, 2006:28). During the period of 1920s to 1930s, while the United States was focusing on forming its own American culture, there was a series of sharp culture conflicts between new and old, fashionable and traditional, western and eastern in old China. The Young Companion and TIME, two famous magazines, both had a significant impact on their target society. To discuss the impact on media and how it shapes a society, this essay is going to analyse the cover of both magazines. It is necessary to give a short introduction of TIME and The Young Companion before study. The Young Companion was a large comprehensive picture magazine in the period of Republic of China. It was established by Liande Wu in Shanghai, 1926. The propose of the publication was “popularize the education, develop the culture” (Liande Wu，1928), aiming to be the mentor of readers. TIME was established by Henry .R. Luce and Briton Haddon in March, 1923. Nowadays, it is published by Warner in New York, voicing opinions about the international issues and reporting the international event. In addition, the aim is to help the people who are busy understanding the big affairs in the world...
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...The Anti-Drug Campaign and the First Opium War In 1930, Chinese officials began to have growing concerns about the increasing trade of opium with the British. China’s social and economic status started to decline due to the opium trade agreement. Chinese addiction to opium became overwhelming and eventually forced China to launch Lin Zexu’s Anti-Drug Campaign in 1839. As a result, this campaign was viewed as a violation of the trade agreement with Britain and helped led to the First Opium War. China isolated themselves from the western world, believing they didn’t need anything from foreign trade. For eight decades, the only port that China opened was called the Canton System. The problem was China only wanted silver in exchange for their exports to Europe. Unfortunately, Europe only traded in gold and silver was hard to come by. Desperate to resolve the foreign trade, Britain realized they can acquire such a commodity in opium from India to exchange for exports in China. The trade of India’s opium started as a medical drug in the early 1800’s between China and Britain. Eventually, it triggered massive dependences throughout China’s society that affected the rich and poor equally. Before long, the demand for the drug was overwhelming, resulting in China importing more opium than exporting trades. Thus, resulting in an imbalanced foreign trade and stability of China’s society. A decree issued in 1810 from the Chinese Emperor stating, “Opium is a poison, undermining our good...
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