...Oliveira Due date: 12 March, 2015 Contents Traffic Congestion - Problems Faced by Brazil's Largest City 3 Causes and Consequences 4 Likely Solutions 8 Bibliography References 12 Traffic Congestion - Problems Faced by Brazil's Largest City São Paulo is a Brazilian state which has 645 municipalities and more than 40 million habitants. São Paulo city is the capital of São Paulo state and the largest city in South America. According to IBGE, Brazil’s main government research institute, in its last census the population in the city of São Paulo is about 11 million inhabitants, with more than 20 million people living in the greater metropolitan area. This urban concentration shows why it’s more expensive to rent an office in São Paulo city than it is in New York City. As mentioned by Time magazine, the city of São Paulo has the world's worst recurrent traffic jam. According to reports from a Brazilian's traffic management agency, located in São Paulo, the average traffic jams on Friday evenings is 180km (112 miles) and the city’s historical congestion record was set on May 23rd, 2014, with 214 miles (344 km) of congestion around the city during the evening rush hour on that Friday. The previous highest occurrence was on November 14th, 2013, with 192 miles (309 km) of congestion. Aside from facing violence, commuting is definitively one of the biggest challenges of living in São Paulo. Causes and Consequences Traffic congestion is an undesirable condition on road networks...
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...Traffic Problems in Baton Rouge 5:30 traffic in Baton Rouge could easily be defined as the time in which no one wants to get in their car and go anywhere regardless of urgency. Baton Rouge, Louisiana is notoriously known for their inefficient traffic systems. Why is that? With a population rank of 67th in the United States, Baton Rouge’s ranking of 33rd in the nation for worst traffic congestion has definitely impacted the community’s identity (Meaux, Reveille). Money, or lack thereof, plays a huge role in what could be called Baton Rouge’s traffic crisis. "Unless you have the funds to update your infrastructure, people are going to be stuck in traffic," said Mark Lambert, communications director with Louisiana's Department of Transportation and Development. "Our infrastructure is terribly behind the needs in Louisiana ... All of it comes down to a matter of money (Meaux, Reveille).” The government’s perspective on the matter of money is that they simply aren’t being allotted enough towards specifically solving the congestion problems of Baton Rouge. For every gallon of gasoline purchased, Louisiana gets $0.16 for infrastructure improvement (Meaux, Reveille). Money is definitely at the root of the problem, however there are many other contributing factors. Due to how far behind Baton Rouge is in congestions problems, society obviously believes that more money needs to be funneled in that direction. The society thinks that the Baton Rouge roads need to be revamped. Shouldn’t...
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...Summary……………………………………………………………………i 2. Background of Jakarta………………………………………………………………...5 3. Lack of Space…….……………………………………………………………………6 4. Housing Recommendations…………………………………………………………...7 4.1 Government Tax Credits to Move Jobs out of Inner City…………………….7 4.2 Maisonette adoption in South Tangerang……………………………………..8 4.3.1 Cost of Building Maisonette Housing……………………………..9 4.3 LEED Certified Vertical Housing……………………………………………10 4.4.2 Cost of Vertical LEED Building…………………………………11 5. Inhibitive Ancillary Issues………..………………………………………………….12 5.1 Flooding……………………………..…………………………………...…..12 5.2 Pollution……………………………………………………………………...12 5.3 Lack of Sanitation..…………………………………………………………..14 5.4 Traffic Congestion…....……………………………………………………...15 6. Solutions to Ancillary Issues………………………………………………………...16 6.1 Flooding……………………………………………………………………...16 6.1.1 Cost of Flooding Solutions………………………………………17 6.2 Solution to Pollution…………………………………………………………17 6.3.1 Cost of Implementation…………………………………………..18 6.3 Solution to Sanitation………………………………………………………...18 6.4.2 Cost for Sanitation Solutions…………………………………….18 6.4 Traffic Congestion…………………………………………………………...18 6.5.3 Limit private vehicles through taxation………………………….18 6.5.4 Cost………………………………………………………………19 6.5.5 Mass transit system………………………………………………19 6.5.6.1 Cost……………...……………………………………….20 ...
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...developing countries Robert Cervero University of California, Berkeley a e mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than those in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating transportation and land use. Rapid population growth, poverty and income disparities, overcrowded urban cores, poorly designed road networks, spatial mismatches between housing and jobs, deteriorating environmental conditions, and economic losses from extreme traffic by congestion are among the more vexing challenges faced by developing cities that could be assuaged through improved coordination of transportation and urban development. is is underscored by examples reviewed in this paper from South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, India, Africa, and South America. It is concluded that whatever is done to improve transportation and land-use integration must be pro-poor. e cardinal features of integrated and sustainable transport and urbanism everywhere—accessible urban activities and safe, attractive walking and cycling environs—are particularly vital to the welfare and prosperity of urbanites in the world’s poorest countries. Abstract: Keywords: Urban transportation; land use; Developing cities; Air quality; Poverty 1 The challenges of rapid growth in developing cities e mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating transportation...
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...has long been assuming the role as a gateway for South China and as a platform for intermodal transport providing connectivity with the Mainland distribution network. ------------------------------------------------- Challenges The container terminals in Hong Kong have always been competing in productivity and efficiency, but indeed there are challenges faced by the Port. To maintain competitiveness, the container port needs to enhance its productivity and efficiency both on the land side and the quay side. On the land side, the container port has been built with an average of 14 hectares of land per 400 metres berth, which is about 45% below the international standard of 25 hectares for optimal performance. This has resulted in yard congestion especially during peak time, and in turn impacted the truck turnaround times. On the quay side, the transshipment throughput volume via barge operations has been increased nearly 30% in the past 10 years. The increase in barge volume has caused considerable barge waiting time and may disrupt connections with on-forwarding vessels. There is an urgent need for government support to increase the terminal back up land and also increase barge berths in the port area. Focusing on such challenges, the Association has submitted a White Paper to the Government proposing a land allocation policy for rationalization of terminal adjacent land and barge berths so as to facilitate improvement of productivity and efficiency on both land side and quay...
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...Bus and Life What are the common transportations nowadays? Obviously bus nowadays has become one of the most common means of transport. Commuters and students choose bus as they found many advantages of this transportation. Across all income levels, the average number of trips made by bus per year is sixty six. Also, one bus can reduce seventeen times pollution than cars if the users switch from private vehicles to public transport. But the increase in bus fares recently stops people from riding the bus around. Evidently the rise in bus fares doesn’t only put an impact on people, it also creates lots of difficulties to reduce traffic jams and global warming. Therefore, we should not increase the price of bus fares in order to save the benefits of all the people and protect the environment. First, the increase in bus fares has a disproportionate effect to all the people especially low income families. For instance, people with a low income make three times as many bus trips as others with a higher income. Definitely the increase in bus fares most likely to hit the poor people who cannot afford it. The commuters who are willing take the bus to work also get hit from this issue. Why do people have to take buses instead of driving their cars to work which likely costs them the same amount of money? Of course nobody wants to give up their time and money sitting on the bus, which costs them the same price of driving cars. Also, as well as meeting the...
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...Transport Planning of Dhaka City: Some Contemporary Observations Adil Mohammed Khan; Assistant Professor; Department of Urban and Regional Planning; Jahangirnagar University; E-mail: adilmdkhan@yahoo.com Dr. Md Akter Mahmud; Professor; Department of Urban and Regional Planning; Jahangirnagar University; E-mail: aktermahmud@yahoo.com Abstract Traffic problem of Dhaka City is one of the major problems of the city that the city dwellers are facing in their everyday life. Despite all the planning programs and projects, designed by the successive governments, the situation is getting worse day by day. Hence, some underlying questions related to traffic and transport system of the Dhaka city are quite important here. Whether transport planning and management were given proper attention in the past years? What were the past planning efforts regarding transport and traffic in Dhaka city? Why these efforts have proved to be unsuccessful for better transport management of Dhaka city and what are the shortcomings of those plans? However, Strategic transport plan (STP) for Dhaka city has been approved in 2005 for an period of twenty years up to 2025. STP has proposed for installation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) as a solution of transport problems of Dhaka City among ten alternative transportation strategies. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the existing plans and programs designed for efficient transport system of Dhaka city, to examine the root...
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...careers, spending power, local economies and real estate growth even today. The IT industry has three major components: • The IT software and services industry • The IT hardware, peripherals and networking industry • The IT enabled services industry The software sector has already established itself as a fast-growing sector. ITES includes services such as call centers, transcription, data processing, online education, etc. It has made a huge impact on international workflow into India, mainly because of low communication costs and the financial sense behind outsourcing non-core activities. It is an obvious advantage for any modern city to have a significant presence of this industry, which is creates white-collar, high-profile jobs and has remarkable effects on its real estate market. Karnataka's thriving IT industry is mostly concentrated in and around Bangalore. The Information Technology in Karnataka state has become one of the main pillars of economy. Majority of IT activity in Karnataka is concentrated in Bangalore. Lately, other parts of Karnataka have also seen a growth in IT related activity. Some recent developments regarding the industry in Karnataka are described below. Bangalore, has been recognized as a world renowned IT hub and considered as Silicon Valley of India/ the IT Capital of India. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world. Many companies preferred Bangalore to start business operations. Many MNC's like HP, IBM, Intel...
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...Introduction: Ahmedabad is one of the largest cities and was once the former capital city of Gujarat state. It is the administrative head quarter of Ahmedabad district and is the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is located in the city. The population of the city is more than 5.8 million and has population of 6.3 million; it is said to be the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan city of India. It was ranked third in Forbes' list of fastest growing cities of the decade. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 30 km (19 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission is a major city- revitalization program, which was launched by Government of India under the Ministry of Urban Development. This policy has been named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. It was launched with a total outlay of Rs 100,000 crore aiming at strengthening infrastructure and the overall quality of life in 63 shortlisted cities in the mission document. It has been stated that cities are the inspiration for economic prosperity. Since Independence, India has been in the process of changing its outlook from being an agrarian society to an industrialized society. Around 60% of population of India resides in rural villages but still the country is on the run of urbanization. In this race, the rural areas got side-lined and also with adverse weather conditions the agricultural production got dried...
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...World Cities The global pattern of urbanisation: millionaire cities, mega cities and world cities • At a global scale, rapid urbanisation has occurred over the last 50 years. • Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities. 19% of the world’s population lives in cities of more than 1 million people. • The most urbanised continents are Europe, North and South America and Oceania and the least urbanised continents are Asia and Africa. • The number of urban dwellers is by far largest in Asia, with 1.4 billion people living in towns and cities (40% of the population). • Urbanisation is increasing most rapidly in Africa and Asia. • This trend is expected to continue so that by 2025 almost half the population of these continents will live in urban areas and 80% of urban dwellers will live in developing countries. • Increased global urbanisation has resulted in the development of many millionaire cities. • There is also a significant number of enormous megacities, some of which are classed as world cities. ❖ Millionaire cities are those with more than 1 million people. India and China have the most millionaire cities in the world. ❖ Megacities are those with more than 10 million people, of which there are 20 (15 in the developing world) ❖ World cities are those which have great influence on a global scale, because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power....
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...World Cities The global pattern of urbanisation: millionaire cities, mega cities and world cities • At a global scale, rapid urbanisation has occurred over the last 50 years. • Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities. 19% of the world’s population lives in cities of more than 1 million people. • The most urbanised continents are Europe, North and South America and Oceania and the least urbanised continents are Asia and Africa. • The number of urban dwellers is by far largest in Asia, with 1.4 billion people living in towns and cities (40% of the population). • Urbanisation is increasing most rapidly in Africa and Asia. • This trend is expected to continue so that by 2025 almost half the population of these continents will live in urban areas and 80% of urban dwellers will live in developing countries. • Increased global urbanisation has resulted in the development of many millionaire cities. • There is also a significant number of enormous megacities, some of which are classed as world cities. ❖ Millionaire cities are those with more than 1 million people. India and China have the most millionaire cities in the world. ❖ Megacities are those with more than 10 million people, of which there are 20 (15 in the developing world) ❖ World cities are those which have great influence on a global scale, because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power....
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...Poor and inefficient infrastructure undermined the economic development in the country, and only recently has the government been able to address the problem systematically and channel investments towards expanding its highways, railroads, seaports, and airports. In this term paper I have discussed the past and current situation of the country’s 2 sectors of infrastructure i.e. communication (roads) and Power (solar) sector and their contribution towards the development of our economy. 2. Bangladesh Infrastructure: Power and Communication Bangladesh belongs to the group of countries with the lowest commercial energy consumption per head in the world. The CIA estimated that in 1999 the country produced 12.5 billion kWh, 85 percent of which was produced using gas, 7.0 percent was produced at hydroelectric power plants, and around 8 percent by using liquid fuel. According to the EIU Country Profile, 85 percent of households in...
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...Research Paper Fred A. Graff Baker College Purpose Statement The topic I chose for this research paper is the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Amtrak. This was due to the fact that I believe this is the direction America needs to take to reduce demand on oil supplies and cut down on emissions. Mass transit railway systems are cheaper and more efficient than airplanes and automobiles. The problem that exists right now with going to mass railway transit is the fact that many of the railroad tracks have been abandoned, removed or turned into trails for hiking or biking. To reach the rural population is going to be the biggest obstacle facing this much needed service in the United States. This is the area I am going to focus on in this paper. Addressing the problem of reaching rural America with mass transit will be tough but not impossible. My solution would be two-fold, and would entail laying new tracks to old places of service and making hubs that people can travel to with ample (and cheap) parking for their vehicles. The second part would be to invest in busses and start small-town bus routes to pick up passengers in areas where running train tracks would be too inefficient. These busses would run only to and from the train hubs connecting them to small towns and rural bus stops. This plan of reinvesting in the railway system would solve several issues: our reliance on foreign oil, our need to reduce emissions and creating new, long term jobs. Trains can...
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...106 India Infrastructure Report 2006 6 URBAN TRANSPORT O. P. Agarwal Growth in number of vehicles The increased travel demand has resulted in rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles in the cities. In the six major metropolises of India, growth in motor vehicles has outpaced population growth. On an average, while the population in India’s six major metropolises increased 1.89 times during 1981 to 2001, the number of registered vehicles went up 7.75 times during the same period (Figure 6.2). Thus the growth of motor vehicles was almost four times faster than the growth of population. Cities without good mass transit systems, like Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore, showed a higher 60 50 40 30 20 10 Congestion is an outcome of twin factors, (a) growth in number of vehicles on road, (b) limitations to expansion of road space. Views expressed in the chapter are of the author. Cy cle s 2wh ee ler s IP T C Ca rs Sl ow t Fa s ns po B lic Tr a Congestion Pu b ISSUES IN URBAN TRANSPORT IN INDIA IP T rt 0 W alk T he burgeoning urban population of India is engaging in a variety of economic activities in rapidly expanding cities, which are, therefore, encountering fast escalations in urban travel demand. A variety of transport modes, such as, walking, cycling, two-wheelers, para-transit, public transport, cars, etc. are used to meet these travel needs. Travel demand is determined by a number of factors, the primary one being the size of the population. Other...
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...2011 Company Valuation Report 1|Page Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 5 2. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSURBAN GROUP ................................................................... 9 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 History .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Share Price Performance ...................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Products and Services ........................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Toll Roads ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.5.1 CityLink ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.2 M2 Hills ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.3 Lane Cove Tunnel .......................................................................................................... 15 2.5.4 M1 Eastern Distributor ...........................................................
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