...goods, it is a true part of the culture of a confused society. - Raymond Williams Advertisements have shifted drastically from the 1920’s up until now; this change is heavily influenced by psychological advertising and the technological changes that took part during that time. Due to current events happening in the 1920’s advertising began to be geared to consumer fears, needs and desires in order to promote brands and products. In 1921 Listerine the company came up with what was called an American epidemic known as “chronic halitosis;” the goal of this creation was to convince Americans that it was a medical condition and the best solution to it was their newly created product. The company’s marketing campaign was a great success and brought high revenue to them; this was made possible through their advertising team who knew exactly what to tackle: the insecurities of Americans. The advertisements often included images in sexual or romantic settings in order to emphasize the importance of the need of the product in order to be socially acceptable. In this essay I will be looking at two different Listerine advertisements one dated from the 1920’s and another one from 2010, while evaluating the technical as well as psychological changes that occurred. By the time of the 1920’s the field of advertising experienced a high transformation in terms of persuasion techniques. Advertisements went from being dull to tapping into consumer’s emotions creating this whole idea of directed...
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...ENG 0.89 Lina Acheampong Professor Thompson Physical Therapist Essay A physical therapist is a professional who helps injured or sick people improve their movement and manage their pain. According to author Olga Dreeben from the University of North Texas “The creation of a physical therapist is centered on two major events in U.S history: The Poliomyelitis epidemics and the negative effects of World War 1 and World War 2”. The profession can be compared with a living entity, changing from an undeveloped, young occupation in its formative years (1914-1920) to a firm, growing establishment in its developing years (1920 to 1940). As a mature profession, during its fundamental accomplishment years (1940 to 970), physical therapy...
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...origins of the Vietnam War, the course of the war over thirty years in the 1940s, and wars' impact on the United States, both at home and in terms of foreign policy. 3. Write an essay on the civil rights movement since 1953 in which you discuss the major factors that have contributed to its success and its major gains. Be sure to discuss more than one group and to cite examples from each decade of the 1950s through the 1990s. 4. Discuss the reasons for America's economic growth or decline in each decade from the 1950s through the 1990s. Then explain how various presidents have dealt with economic problems and why they succeeded or failed. 5. Write an essay about the impact of television on the history of the United States over the past fifty years in which you describe in detail at least one historical event of national importance from each decade of the 1950s - 1990s that was affected by TV. Civil Right: The WWII can be recognized at the origin of the period when United States started it political and economical dominant compare to other nations. WWII reshaped Americans’ understanding of themselves as a people. The struggle against Nazi tyranny and its theory of a master race discredited ethnic and racial inequality. Originally promoted by religious and ethnic minorities in the 1920s and the Popular Front in the 1930s, a pluralist vision of American society now became part of official rhetoric. What set the United States apart from its wartime foes, the government...
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...On 5th January 1914 the Ford Motor company announced that it would more than double the wages of its workers. Briefly describe the history of this decision and relate to the theory of incentives and efficiency wages. When Henry Ford introduced the five-dollar day on the 12th of January 1914, many of his competitors might have questioned the success of this policy. Today, it is well established that Ford’s strategy was a key reason for the company’s early success and is often documented as an exemplary application of the efficiency-wage theory. This essay will briefly outline the history and implications that have led to the five-dollar day and relate it to the theory of incentives and efficiency wages. Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903. During the first few years the company remained relatively small and it was only with the introduction of the T-Model in 1908 and the transformation to assembly line production that Ford could expand his market share and increase the company’s profitability. However, as Raff and Summers noted, assembly line production resulted in a high degree of specialisation of the different production steps. Work at Ford’s became more and more menial, leading to dissatisfaction among the workforce, which reflected in a significant annual turnover of 370% in 1913. Although there was no evidence that Ford had problems filling his vacancies, the absenteeism and high turnover undoubtedly resulted in costs that Ford had aimed to reduce. It...
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...global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups in the expansion of the East India Company's activities. It tracks the emergence of modern intelligentsias and their definitions of what constituted proper religious, public and domestic behaviour. The paper places these changes in the context of the concurrent decline of Indian handicrafts and the impact of British revenue arrangements on rural society, and explores...
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...ed however that religion does in fact cause social change. Yet some believe that religion can be both a conservative force and a force for social change. Max Weber believed in the social action theory, where religious beliefs of Calvinists helped to bring about social change. This is supported in item A ‘religious ideas can be a powerful motivation for change, as Weber showed in his study of Calvinism.’ The emergence of modern capitalism in Northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was due to Calvinist beliefs. Calvinists had several distinctive beliefs. Predestination, where god had predetermined whether a soul will be saved or not and there is nothing you can do to change this. Devine transcendence, no individual can claim to know god’s ill, which made people feel inner loneliness and ‘salvation panic’. Asceticism, abstinence, self-discipline and self-denial were required by Calvinist’s and prepared them for a life under capitalism. Vocation or calling, Calvinist’s introduced the idea of this worldly asceticism, which meant constant methodical work in occupation and was a religious duty. Again preparing people of life under capitalism as it requires hard work. Weber did not say that Calvinism was the cause of modern capitalism, but that it was one of the causes. Weber’s theory is often seen as a direct assault on Marx’s theory. Bruce was interested in the relationship between religion and social change he compaired two examples of religiously inspired protests...
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...world. Motto of the school: No words – acts What do you know about The Mother Mirra Alfassa (21 February 1878 – 17 November 1973), also known as The Mother, was the spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo. Her full name at birth was Blanche Rachel Mirra Alfassa.[1] She came to Sri Aurobindo's spiritual retreat on 29 March 1914 in Pondicherry, India. Having to leave Pondicherry during World War I, she spent most of her time in Japan where she met the Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore. Finally she returned to Pondicherry and settled there in 1920. After 24 November 1926, when Sri Aurobindo retired into seclusion, she founded his ashram (Sri Aurobindo Ashram), with a handful of disciples living around the Master. She became the spiritual guide of the community. The experiences of the last thirty years of Mother's life were captured in the 13-volume work The Agenda. In those years she attempted the physical transformation of her body in order to become what she felt was the first of a new type of human individual by opening to the Supramental Truth Consciousness, a new power of spirit that Sri Aurobindo had allegedly discovered. Sri Aurobindo considered her an incarnation of the Mother Divine and called her by that name: The Mother. When asked why he called her the Mother, Sri Aurobindo wrote a seminal book The Mother by introduction to the Mother's outstanding personalities, portions and embodiments of her divinity. That's how she came to be known as The Mother. Mirra...
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...This essay will review Peter Boag’s Re-Dressing America’s Frontier Past (2011). This book highlights the missing histories of cross-dressers all across the American frontier, and gives readers a look into the lives of such individuals and how they were regarded and treated in society. Consequently, this paper will discuss the geographic and chronological scope of the book, and analyze the extent of the history of cross dressing practices and how they challenged heteronormative culture and myths about the Western frontier. Lastly, this essay will critically assess the effectiveness of sources used by the author and how they contribute to his arguments. The geographic and chronological scope of the book focuses on the era between 1850 to 1920,...
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...Conclusion………………………………..9 5. Reference………………………………..10 1. Introduction 1.1 Origin of Marginal Utility Theory The origin of marginal utility theory can date back to Aristotle. It is widely considered that Aristotle was the first man to bring forward the idea of value in use. He pointed out that goods gain their value from personal utility, scarcity and costs. And an increase in a specific good will bring an decrease in value and the value can even become a negative one. This is the original form of the principle of diminishing marginal utility. The term marginal utility was first used in this connection by the Austrian Wieser. (Marshall Alfred 1920 Principles of economics chapter Ⅲ.Ⅲ ,p14) Adopted by Prof. Wicksteed, it corresponds to the term Final used by Jevons. His list of anticipators of his doctrine is headed by Gossen, 1854. (Marshall Alfred 1920 Principles of economics chapter Ⅲ.Ⅲ ,p14) Not until the 18th century, did Adam Smith base a system of political economic entirely on marginal utility calculation. 1.2 Development of Marginal Utility Theory The crucial period of the development of marginal utility theory is from Adam Smith to Slutsky, that is, from 1776 to 1915. In conclusion, it includes...
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...Ivan Moscati How cardinal utility entered economic analysis during the Ordinal Revolution 2012/5 UNIVERSITÀ DELL'INSUBRIA FACOLTÀ DI ECONOMIA http://eco.uninsubria.it In questi quaderni vengono pubblicati i lavori dei docenti della Facoltà di Economia dell’Università dell’Insubria. La pubblicazione di contributi di altri studiosi, che abbiano un rapporto didattico o scientifico stabile con la Facoltà, può essere proposta da un professore della Facoltà, dopo che il contributo sia stato discusso pubblicamente. Il nome del proponente è riportato in nota all'articolo. I punti di vista espressi nei quaderni della Facoltà di Economia riflettono unicamente le opinioni degli autori, e non rispecchiano necessariamente quelli della Facoltà di Economia dell'Università dell'Insubria. These Working papers collect the work of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Insubria. The publication of work by other Authors can be proposed by a member of the Faculty, provided that the paper has been presented in public. The name of the proposer is reported in a footnote. The views expressed in the Working papers reflect the opinions of the Authors only, and not necessarily the ones of the Economics Faculty of the University of Insubria. © Copyright Ivan Moscati Printed in Italy in december 2012 Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Monte Generoso, 71, 21100 Varese, Italy All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the Author...
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...Realism of the 20th century was peculiar with the influence of modernism and psychologism. However, it was characterized by its attention to details, as well as its attempt to recreate reality as it was, without any decorative language. It tried to reproduce the most detail and objective life of Great Britain before and after World Wars. Realism represented the social life and paid much attention to domestic problems. Its representatives showed tragic vision of life using satire and dark humour, but still their vision of life is much more optimistic than the modernistic one. Talking about their characters, they were social types depicted in their everyday life dealing with their virtues, morals, profession, relationships, worldview etc. Narrative form used by realists is characterized by several narrative characters in order to create an objective vision of life. The most prominent among the writers who continued the traditions of realism were: J. Galsworthy, A. Bennett, H. Wells, B. Shaw; and their followers R. Aldington, G. Orwell, J. Priestley, and E. Waugh. The Novel is certainly the most important literary form of the period. The realistic novel is represented by such novelistic forms as: the social and social-psychological novel (J. Galsworthy, E. Waugh, R. Aldington) the social-domestic novel (A. Bennett, H. Wells) the comic or satirical novel (E. Waugh) family chronicle or epic cycle (J. Galsworthy) science fiction (H. Wells). Despite all this...
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...group in society that is accepted and given privileges is erroneous. The theory of White Privilege fails to give an accurate definition/ analysis of barriers in society and the idea that large amounts of minorities or lagging majorities (in other countries) is due to a privilege ethnic or race group, is flawed and racist. First, while the idea of condemning discrimination against members of our species is important, it is by no means causally crucial. People forget sometimes that there are other races outside black and white when it comes to this subject. Once other races are involved you start getting different results, stats and causes. What about the difference in test scores for Japanese and Mexican American kids for example. In his essay Race, Culture and Equality, Mr. Sowell writes: Japanese and Mexican immigrants began arriving in California at about the same time and initially worked in very similar occupations as agricultural laborers. Yet a study of a school district in which their children attended the same schools and sat side-by-side in the same classrooms found IQ differences as great as those between blacks and whites attending schools on opposite sides of town in the Jim Crow South. Sowell goes on to reason that the reason for these differences is not so easily found as it involves "so many cultural, social, economic, and other factors(geography and climate being very...
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...performances: blackface.1 In the past several years, blackface and other images of physical transformations of race have appeared in a number of high and popular fashion contexts including a “yellowface” fashion show in Shanghai sponsored by Karl Lagerfeld, supermodel Heidi Klum photographed wearing only chocolate syrup, an issue of French Vogue featuring a white model in black body paint and elaborate “African-inspired” costuming, a photograph in V Magazine of two models, one in blackface and one white, wrestling, two episodes of America’s Next Top Model involving racial and biracial transformation, and an editorial naming American Apparel and showing a woman in blackface. Blackface, though in a contemporary form more accurately described by the term “racechange,” or the performance of one race by another (Gubar 2000), far from being taboo have become an aesthetic in the fashion industry. Though popular magazines and newspapers such as Essence and a number of fashion blogs have responded to particular instances of racial transformation, there is relatively little scholarly work on the rise of racechange in contemporary fashion. This essay attempts to fill that gap in scholarship by examining racial transformation through the lens of cultural and critical studies as well as historical analyses of race, consumer culture, and fashion. Specifically, it asks whether racechange and racial transformation, or the costuming of an individual of one race to look like another race, is a politically...
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...Salvation", Langston Hughes Langston Hughes paints a picture of himself as a little boy whose decisions at a church revival directly reflect mans own instinctive behavioral tendencies for obedience. A young Langston whose congregation wants him to go up and get saved, gives into obedience and ventures to the altar as if he has seen the light of the Holy Spirit. Hughes goes on to say: " So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, I'd rather lie, too, and say that Jesus had come ,and get up and be saved ." In saying this, Langston has obviously overlooked his personal belief to meet the level of obedience laid out by the congregation. It leads us to fact that people may believe strongly in an idea or thought but will overlook that belief to be obedient. One can make a justified assumption that everyone in society has at one time or another overlooked his or her personal feelings to conform this occurrence whether it is instinctive or judgmental is one that each individual deals with a personal level. He was a young boy who wanted to see Jesus, who wanted to earn salvation, but when he couldn't see Jesus, when everyone else saw,he found himself in the terrible position of disappointing not only himself but everyone in his community.He finally "saved" himself by pretending to see Jesus . He was saved not by love of Jesus as a congregation or preacher intended but by pretending to be other that who he was. One wanders what would have happened if he didn't stepped forward...
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...Essay response to: Why did Stalin implement forced Industrialization, Collectivized Agriculture, and the Terror in the Soviet Union? Why did many Soviet peoples cooperate in this “Stalin Revolution,” despite the violence, cruelty, and tremendous sacrifices involved? Joseph Jughashvili (1878 – 1953), later known as Joseph Stalin believed that industrialization was necessary in order to create a true proletariat class so a true communist revolution could occur. Stalin and true Marxists believed that only through a modern industrialized economy could a true proletariat class be developed. Additionally, Stalin believed that the Soviet Union was “backward” and behind in the times and had to catch up with the rest of the world, otherwise the Nation would be conquered. Stalin made this clear when he said, “we are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. Either we do it, or they crush us” (Perry, 193). In doing so, Stalin brought about sweeping changes of economic reform. While Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) was successful in returning agricultural harvests to prewar levels, by the late 1920’s, Stalin sided with the critics of Lenin’s NEP in that the Soviet Union could not catch up with other industrialized countries by relying on taxes from peasant farmers (Coffin/Stacey, 908). In 1927, Stalin implemented the first five-year plan, which he referred to as the “revolution from above” and called for a command economy (McKay et al., 907). The five-year...
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