...Abstract Power transformers are one of the most important parts of the power system. Failure of a transformer affects power supply to citizen and affects the income of business sector. Condition monitoring of power transformer is very important. By measuring the furan contents in power transformer oil can give a sign of the power transformer health, using this method is more convenient and economical among all the methods. With the aid of UV-Vis Spectrometer, light absorption and transmission with various furan contents of different power transformers with different ages are measured and compared. The measured results are used to predict the furan contents and remnant life of the power transformer can estimate. Copper dusts added into transformer oil in order to investigate the effect on the light absorption and transmission. The measured results show the impact of copper dust on light absorption and transmission characteristics that can provide indication of transformers remaining health condition. This thesis presents the measurement of power transformers oil samples with different furan contents for remnant life estimation. Key words: Power Transformer, Copper Dust, Transformer oil, UV-Vis Spectrometer, Furan, Health Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Power Transformer Figure 1: A basic power transformer. Power Transformers are critical elements in an electrical power system. It is used to step-up or step-down voltage level as needed to serve the transmission...
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...Transformation Using a Special Transformer Connection Atif Iqbal, Member, IEEE, Shaikh Moinuddin, Member, IEEE, M. Rizwan Khan, Sk. Moin Ahmed, Student Member, IEEE, and Haithem Abu-Rub, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—The first five-phase induction motor drive system was proposed in the late 1970s for adjustable speed drive applications. Since then, a considerable research effort has been in place to develop commercially feasible multiphase drive systems. Since the three-phase supply is available from the grid, there is a need to develop a static phase transformation system to obtain a multiphase supply from the available three-phase supply. Thus, this paper proposes a novel transformer connection scheme to convert the threephase grid supply to a five-phase fixed voltage and fixed frequency supply. The proposed transformer connection outputs five phases and, thus, can be used in applications requiring a five-phase supply. Currently, the five-phase motor drive is a commercially viable solution. The five-phase transmission system can be investigated further as an efficient solution for bulk power transfer. The connection scheme is elaborated by using the simulation and experimental approach to prove the viability of the implementation. The geometry of the fabricated transformer is elaborated in this paper. Index Terms—Five phase, multiphase, three phase, transformer, turn ratio. I. INTRODUCTION ULTIPHASE (more than three phase) systems are the focus of research recently due to their...
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... These concerns are shifting the focus to development of automotive vehicles which use alternative fuels for operations. This has lead to the attention for the electric vehicles. An electric vehicle is a vehicle which uses electricity for propulsion. Electric vehicles can achieve higher energy conversion efficiency, motor-regenerative braking capability, fewer local exhaust emissions, and less noise and vibration, as compared to gas-engine vehicles. Battery has an important role in electric vehicle. A plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is an electric vehicle which uses rechargeable batteries. These batteries are connected to the external sources for recharging. Battery chargers which are used for this purpose forms the key area of research. Mostly for PHEV applications, on-board chargers are used. For on-board charger the charger is a component of the EV unlike the off-board chargers which is not integrated with EV. Carrying the charger on-board greatly increases the charging availability of the...
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...LARGE POWER TRANSFORMERS AND THE U.S. ELECTRIC GRID Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy April 2014 Update Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid This page intentionally left blank. DOE / OE / ISER April 2014 ii Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid FOR FURTHER INFORMATION This report was prepared by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under the direction of Patricia Hoffman, Assistant Secretary, and William Bryan, Deputy Assistant Secretary. Specific questions about information in this report may be directed to Dr. Kenneth Friedman, Senior Policy Advisor (kenneth.friedman@hq.doe.gov). Tiffany Y. Choi of ICF International contributed to this report. The U.S. Department of Energy would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their contribution to this report: ABB American Transmission Company Bartley, William H., Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, A member of the Munich Reinsurance Company North American Electrical Reliability Corporation Ontario Power Generation Scott, Daniel U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Cover photo sources: Large power transformer photo: Siemens.com High-voltage transmission lines photo: Utilities-me.com DOE / OE / ISER April 2014 iii Large Power Transformers...
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...Title A Research Paper presented to Mr. Ghio Magtibay Reyes Canossa Academy Lipa City In partial fulfillment of the requirements in English IV Aeron Glenold R. Almoite Aldreah Krisol P. Dinglasan Christian Paolo R. Dumlao Cleo O. Vergara December 2013 Chapter I Introduction It took a power outage for me to see the light Of what it is I am really like To hear the words that you said without the noise I could listen close, without distraction of toys I saw the darkness of how I felt surround me The candle that you lit, so profound within me Safety, security, as well as desire Lit so lovingly by that fire “Power outage” a poem by Deanna Repose (September 23, 2009 (blog.deannarepose.com) Electricity is an imperative necessity and essential to modern life; one basically depends on the use of electricity with almost every task. People suppose that it will be present when they need it to power the engines and systems which on the other hand are also involved in practically everything we do. In Lipa City, the residents expect their power supply to be always ready and available every time considering that theirs are busy and rushed lives. In exchange, they compensate for that power, depending on how much they use. That's about as much as most of us think about in the process. Unfortunately, BATELEC does not always meet the expectations for minimized power outage in most places of Lipa. In order to meet the problems in power shortages, there...
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...Title A Research Paper presented to Mr. Ghio Magtibay Reyes Canossa Academy Lipa City In partial fulfillment of the requirements in English IV Aeron Glenold R. Almoite Aldreah Krisol P. Dinglasan Christian Paolo R. Dumlao Cleo O. Vergara December 2013 Chapter I Introduction It took a power outage for me to see the light Of what it is I am really like To hear the words that you said without the noise I could listen close, without distraction of toys I saw the darkness of how I felt surround me The candle that you lit, so profound within me Safety, security, as well as desire Lit so lovingly by that fire “Power outage” a poem by Deanna Repose (September 23, 2009 (blog.deannarepose.com) Electricity is an imperative necessity and essential to modern life; one basically depends on the use of electricity with almost every task. People suppose that it will be present when they need it to power the engines and systems which on the other hand are also involved in practically everything we do. In Lipa City, the residents expect their power supply to be always ready and available every time considering that theirs are busy and rushed lives. In exchange, they compensate for that power, depending on how much they use. That's about as much as most of us think about in the process. Unfortunately, BATELEC does not always meet the expectations for minimized power outage in most places of Lipa. In order to meet the problems in power shortages, there...
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...Broadband over Power Line (BPL) communication systems can deliver high-speed voice, data and video communications to end-users by transmitting radio frequency energy over existing electrical power lines. Although this technology is not new, the new achievements in deploying BPL has made it more practical in recent years. The existing infrastructure for BPL is the most considerable advantage of this technology. Since electrical power lines have reached mostly all rural areas, BPL technology can provide broadband services in those areas where the use of other technologies like cable or DSL can not be justified economically. BPL is also used in management of power distribution grids by monitoring and facilitating control of them remotely. In this paper a brief history of this technology and a general overview of it will be presented. Also some issues related to the deployment of this technology and the current status of the technology in the world will be addressed. Introduction The purpose of power line communications is to use power supply system for communication purpose. The demand for broadband communication is increasing rapidly. According to KOHL group, less than 30% of US residences and 40% of industries use broadband services. However these percentages will be doubled within the next 10 years. Currently, there are several methods to access broadband services. Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) can provide broadband services mostly in urban areas. Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable (HFC) is...
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...technology all system has to be updated, Indian Railway is the 2nd largest Rail Network in India it is the backbone of public and goods transport in India. Bulk of long distance traffic is carried by the Indian Railway. RFID system at many transport system so we think to implement biometrics in our research and then decided to use fingerprint module also for the add-on for user flexibility using GSM module for Communication purpose of sending and receiving message. In our Project Research we are trying to minimize railway Reservation Fraud and give more facility to traveler and improve society. Also simplify the Reservation System in that we will take fingerprint of the person who goes for reservation/ticket booking and help a lot humanitarian by this innovative technology. Standalone module which contains Finger Print Module verify the person's identity. Using GSM before the journey message will be send to the user with information. At time of journey Ticket checker will verify fingerprint with previously stored data using standalone module as a part of verification. By this more number of paper will be saved by that can help Railway in increasing their income by saving cost of paper. No need to carry identity proof. Due to this complicated and bulky reservation and transport system can be corrected. INTRODUCTION: Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags...
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...CONTENTS S.No. Title Page No. | ACKNOWLDGEMENTS 3 List of Tables 4 Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Theoretical background 8 1.1.1 Use and significance of Ratio Analysis 8 1.1.2 Limitations 11 1.1.3 Classifications of ratios 13 1.2 Research Methodology 33 1.2.1 Need for the study 33 1.2.2 Scope of the study 33 1.2.3 Objectives of the study 33 1.2.4 Data sources 34 1.2.5 Limitations 34 Chapter 2. Profiles 35 2.1 Company profile 36 Chapter 3. Review of Literature 55 Chapter 4. Data Analysis 59 Chapter 5. Findings 86 Chapter 6. Suggestions 88 * Bibliography 90 LIST OF TABLES Sl. No | Table No | Title of the tables | Page No | 12345678910111213141516171819202122 | 4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.94.104.114.124.134.144.154.164.174.184.194.204.214.22 | Current RatioQuick RatioCash RatioNetworking capital RatioDebt RatioDebt...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...Major Project Report on Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing for Partial fulfilment to award of Bachelor of Technology in Automobile Engineering Submitted by Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Pankaj Kandpal (2k10/AE/40) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Rahul Khurana (2K10/AE/48) Under the supervision of Dr. R.C. Singh DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DELHI-110042 2014 Major Project Report on Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing for Partial fulfilment to award of Bachelor of Technology in Automobile Engineering Submitted by Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Pankaj Kandpal (2k10/AE/40) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Rahul Khurana(2K10/AE/48) Under the supervision of Dr. R.C. Singh DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DELHI-110042 2014 DECLARATION We hereby declare that the major project report entitled “Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing” submitted to Delhi Technological University is a record of original work done by us under the guidance of Dr. R.C. Singh, Department of Mechanical Engineering. It is further declared that this project work has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma. Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Pankaj Kandpal (2K10/AE/40) Rahul Khurana (2K10/AE/48) ...
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...Definition of marketing One could pose a simple request like “Define Marketing” and you would have a barrage of answers as unique as the individual defining the word. For this paper I will present two definitions, as well as present my personal definition or understanding of the marketing. To begin, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines marketing as “the process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). This definition is clear and pretty simple to comprehend. Next, the class textbook, Marketing Management, defines marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals” (Kotler, 2012). This definition lends a more academic view, but still is comprehendible and simply stated. After reading and reviewing the above definitions, I have come to my own personal definition. Marketing, as defined by Carla Posey, is the process which encompasses everything involved with the purchasing and selling of services and goods. This includes all work and research to effectively satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer. Importance of Marketing Marketing is important because it is the little voice to the consumer that says “hello, I know you need me and I want to give it to you”. A successful company has caught your attention and you have shown appreciation by buying into that brand. This is...
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...ELECTRICITY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) IN INDIA – A STRATEGIC AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE S. PADMANABAN & ASHOK SARKAR Office of Environment, Energy and Enterprise US Agency for International Development, New Delhi, India. Overview The Indian power sector has more than tripled its installed capacity, from 30,000 MW in 1981 to over 100,000 MW in 2001. Despite this growth in supply, its power systems are struggling to overcome chronic power shortages and poor power quality. With demand exceeding supply, severe peak (around 18%) and energy (around 10%) shortages continue to plague the sector. Shortages are exacerbated by inefficiencies in power generation, distribution and end-use systems. The inefficiencies in the end-use systems is due to irrational tariffs, technological obsolescence of industrial processes and equipment, lack of awareness, nascent energy services (ESCO) industry, and inadequate policy drivers (such as energy efficiency standards and labeling system, financial incentives) in India. The elementary problem being faced by the power sector is the poor financial conditions of the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) or successor entities in most states. Over the years, the SEBs have been causing an increasingly larger drain on the State Government budgets, contributing to 10-15% of the state fiscal deficits adversely impacting much needed investments in the social sectors of health and education. The power sector is operating with very low or no returns...
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...Intelligent Energy Management System Mayur D. Karathia1, Jignesh G. Bhatt2, and Himanshu G. Bhavsar3 Abstract—Saving electricity in industries and building is major concern today. Hence, Energy Management System (EMS) remained preferred area for researchers recently. The paper reports the work carried out at PG dissertation level and presents the detailed design and implementation of industrial grade EMS. Sensors and MODBUS-compliant modules are wired to form an RS-485 network at field level, which is connected to a PC based main controller. The proposed system online monitors and records the data of energy consumption, helps to understand energy consumption patterns and enhance energy efficiency and reliability of the system. Offline data based diagnosis helps to plan preventive actions to save electricity and further optimize overall system. Various functionalities of the proposed system have been validated through laboratory implementation. Index Terms—Automation, Human–Machine Interface Design, MODBUS, RS-485, Virtual Instrumentation II. EMS SUBSYSTEMS The EMS can be split into various subsystems[1][2] according to the basic functionalities implemented by it as mentioned below: A. Measurement Subsystem This subsystem handles routine tasks such as measurement, display, logging, updating and availing of data as and when necessary. These operations include acquiring energy data from remote energy meters and displaying the same data using Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs)...
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...Project Report on Name Class Section Roll No. – Rajarshi Biswas – BEE - IV – A1 – 000610801017 Acknowledgement We are heartily thankful to our supervisors whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. Lastly we offer my regards to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project especially our guides Prof. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Prof. S. K. Goswami and Prof. R. N. Ganguly along with my fellow batchmates who provided valuable support and co-operation during the execution of project. Introduction The basic function of a transmission system is to transfer electrical power from one place to another or from one network to another network. A transmission system includes the terminal substations, transmission lines and intermediate substations. Transmission systems are required for ● Transfer of bulk power from large group of generating stations upto the main transmission network ● System interconnection ● Transfer of power from main transmission from the main transmission network to secondary substations The increasing need of transmitting greater and greater amounts of power over long distances has led to a continuous increase in transmission voltages. As a rule, larger the amount of power to be transmitted, higher is the requirement of transmission voltages. In India, the transmission voltages in use are 33, 66, 110, 132, 220 & 400 kV ...
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