...The issue of what bathrooms transgender should be allowed to use is a volatile topic in American culture for many reasons. In my opinion the issue is more out in the open ever since Caitlyn Jenner openly declared herself as trans person. Knowingly or unknowingly she made the public more aware of the transgender identity. Any time an issue is brought into the open, a volatile debate ensues, especially since issue is one of intolerance and cultural integration. Some conservatives object to Obama’s policy due to religious reasons. Some people object because they are afraid that the trans people might assault women and little girls in bathrooms, which is a misconception since statistics show that it is trans people who are assaulted more. Most...
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...Post-9/11, around 2003 and 2004, the Iranian transgender community suddenly experienced a spike in Western press media coverage. The nature of such press often focused on the juxtaposition between Iran’s policies on Iranian trans individuals and their rampantly homophobic sodomy laws. Oftentimes the narrative presented on mainstream television is laced with shock in recognizing the Iranian government’s financial support of sex-reassignment surgery for trans individuals, a right given “after years of petitioning and repeated inquiries [from] Iranian trans woman and advocate, Ms. Maryam Khatoon Molkara.” What typically follows this recognition is some form of anti-Islamic rhetoric stemming from the possibility that gay and lesbian Iranians...
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...Identity of Victim Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out whether bystanders to a violent act would react similarly if the victim was a transgender individual versus a heterosexual female. There is little past research on this subject, but what has been done on violence within this community suggests that the violence against them is significant, increasing, and constitutes a serious public health problem in the U.S. (Witten & Eyler, 1997). We chose to analyze answers to questions on three separate vignettes, confidence in intervention choices (Chabot, Tracy, Manning & Poisson, 2009), gender transcendent scores (Baber, K., & Tucker, C. 2006), and transphobia (prejudice, discrimination, and gender-related violence due to negative attitudes toward transgender identity) scores. We sampled 112 students face to face from a small private liberal arts school. Our research showed no significant difference in intervention choices regardless of whether the victim was transgender. There was however a significant positive correlation with the gender transcendent score, verbal intervention, and indirect intervention (e.g. call police/911), but there was no significant correlation between the gender transcendent score and physical intervention. Because rates of violent attacks and hate crimes towards the transgender community are very high (Wilchins, Lombardi, Priesing, & Malouf, 1997) it is important to continue research on this understudied population to better...
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...and Gender Is that a man or woman? This is a common question asked after only a brief look at Jess Goldberg, the protagonist in Leslie Feinberg’s novel, Stone Butch Blues. Each person is born to a specific sex, male or female. Some people in society stray from the norms and become gender variant. Jess’s gender variant life style along with her religion, Judaism, paved the way for an extremely difficult and confusing upbringing. Jess is treated inferiorly upon entering the women’s clinic due to her gender variant qualities, which reflects unequal accessibility to healthcare during the mid and late 20th century. Jess’s endeavors as a gender variant female allow Feinberg to appeal to the readers’ emotions, by portraying the obstacles and misconceptions Jess encounters on a daily basis. Secondly, Feinberg appeals to the reader’s understanding of how uneducated and untrained healthcare professionals are at this time and place. Finally, in the women’s clinic, Feinberg introduces the doctor who establishes a glimmer of hope in a seemingly hopeless environment. Before continuing, it is essential to acknowledge that Feinberg, the author of the novel and mastermind behind the scene is more then qualified to illustrate the struggles that gender variant people endure due to the fact that she herself was a lesbian butch growing up in the 1960s and is a well known LGBT author and activist. Feinberg has published writings on LGBT history in the Workers World newspaper and also won the Lambda...
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...In her article “Between the Sexes, A Great Divide”, Anna Quindlen shows us the differences between the genders, and the divide that exists between them, which starts from the first high school dance, where boys and girls are far away from each other, and all the game is about who is going to do the first move. I mainly agree with Quindlen, but there are some points that I have a different opinion, such as the conclusion is which the writer comes. Only one thing is certain• there are not only differences between men and women, but there are also between ages. The first thing I agree with, is that this gap between the genders is something real. Children, from young age, try all the time to come closer to the other gender, and most of the times, without a good result. It is not the fact that they cannot communicate, but the fact that they are so afraid to make the first move, that they end up saying irrelevant things, which do not help the conversation. The writers says that all of us have the memory of “the first boy-girl” party, in which memory there are boys on one side, and girls on the other. That it totally true. Once I read it, the memory came to my mind very clearly. We all had the same experience in our life, and there are always the shy people, and the braver to make the first move. And in fact, children who used to approach the other gender, had the greater acceptance. So, it is demonstrated that there are nothing to be afraid of the relationships with the other gender...
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...Throughout history, the role of Chinese women has changed dramatically. In ancient times women were mutilated with painful foot bindings and forced to marry men of their family’s choosing at very young ages. Today, Chinese women have received world-class educations alongside their male counterparts and command high power roles in business, politics, the sciences and other industries. Chinese men and woman now work side by side in most modern Chinese cities, however; this trend does not hold true for women living in rural Chinese villages. Gender roles in modern China have come leaps and bounds from where they were in ancient times, yet women in rural China still follow traditional guidelines. Women in China have worked hard over the past century to reach where they are today. The change in gender roles was sparked by China’s republic years. During this time, women in large cites were able to seek formal education and even travel to the west to receive it. Communism, although a questionable form of government, ended the distinction between men and women and finally allowed women to break out of their defined gender role. Women stepped up and took positions of political power and for the first time received influences from outside cultures. New laws have been enacted calling for equality in education, marriage, and rights, but a large group of women do not receive these benefits. Women in rural Chinese villages do not see the advances in gender roles that women in the city...
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...Throughout U.S. history, women have faced many equality barriers. Today, women have made amazing progress, yet still face some discrimination. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people have also had a rough road to equality, and as like women, are not done. Women and gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people faces many of the same issues today and in the past. If you look at gender roles, there may be some explanation of why our society is the way it is. What has been the status of women in the United States throughout history? Throughout U.S. history women have been subject to unfair and unequal treatment in all aspects of life. Women were seen as servants to men, to have children at the man’s request, cook, clean, not to work, not to have independence. Women were not allowed to own property or vote (Women’s Rights, n.d.). Women were not seen as much more than a way to enhance their husband’s status. Things began to change, however, when strong, empowered women started to make their voices heard. What is the status of women in the U.S. today? Women have come so far, even in just the last 50 years. Today it seems as though women are equal to men, but that is not the case. There is still discrimination, especially institutional discrimination against women. Institutional discrimination is denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that result from normal operations of a society (Schaefer, 2012, pg. 65). Though women...
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...Gender roles in the 21st century Introduction Gender roles are a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for men or women in a social or interpersonal relationship. We are not sure when this practice started but pink and blue begins this lifelong process in the 21st century (Lindsey, 2005). As my research evolves, I plan to examine gender roles in various aspects of 21st century life: workplace, relationships, parenting, voting, consumer behavior, etc. Since this is such a broad topic, my research will likely lead to a paper with a more narrow focus. For now, I've chosen references which are established articles on this broader topic. This research will likely become more focused as I develop the paper. Origin of Gender Roles The gender roles have evolved a great deal from the onset of the human civilization which started as hunter gathers. The males were primarily responsible to provide food, shelter and protection while the women looked after the offspring and took care of the tribe. The Functionalist perspective explains this fairly non-overlapping segregation of gender roles in the pre-industrial society. Evolution of Gender Roles For a considerable period of time there was little or no interaction between the different civilizations and therefore each society developed its own distinct culture and the socialization process. The local socio-economic factors, religious beliefs, legal and political factors had huge impact of the...
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...3 Gender role in rural society ( in the context of “Refugeepara”) : A matter of nurture, not nature. 3.1Introduction: “Bishshe ja kichu mohan srishti Chiro kollankor, Ordhek tar koriyache nari Ordhek tar nor.” Or “ Everything that is great in the world, all the works, beneficial and good, half must be credited to woman, and to man half only we should.” The above stated poetic verses by the famous poet Kaji Nazrul Islam reflects the mutual need of both men and women for any kind of success. Without the equal contribution of both men and women, nothing can be achieved. Gender role also plays significantly in a vast change of a society. By nature, every human being is different from one another and when coming to men and women, each of them is fully distinct from one another. Their role changes depending on which society they are belongs to. Before going into the extensive discussion about how the gender role of the rural society of “refugeepara” is regulated, it is needed to know the definition of gender role. 3.2 What is Gender Role? : 3.3 Objective: 3.4 Procedure: 3.6 Gender role in Decision-making: 3.7 Gender role in family planning: 3.8 Property rights according to Gender role: 3.9Daily activities during sowing season: 3.9 Daily...
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...Gender Identity Psy/340 Gender Identity Introduction The endocrine system is made up of several glands that secrete different hormones. These glands are the: Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Pancreas, and Adrenal Glands as well as the ovaries and testes. All of these glands have a hand in generating hormones responsible for different behaviors either directly or indirectly. “Gender identity is how we feel about and express our gender and gender roles — clothing, behavior, and personal appearance. It is a feeling that we have as early as age two or three” ("Gender And Gender Identity", 2001). While there is much to say about the brain and its relationship to personal gender identity it is also very evident that the interaction between hormones and behavior is a deciding factor as well. Biological Factors & Gender Identity Our personal biology is what we are born with, things that are distinctive to us. Whether someone has red or blonde hair, brown or blue eyes, or light or dark skin is part of their biology. More specifically our sexual organs are perhaps the most distinctive parts of our biology because they set the groundwork for how we will be viewed by society, whether we personally feel that way or not. I say this because our sexual organs will inevitably determine our appearance. Having male organs causes boys/men secrete more androgens or male hormones (testosterone) than girls. Because they secrete a larger amount of these hormones they will...
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...XXY: Hispanic Culture and Gender Identity Juxtaposed The film XXY is based in Piriapolis Maldonado Uruguay, which is a small fishing town on the Atlantic coast. It chronicles the family dynamics and tough decisions related to protagonist Alex’s gender identity in a Hispanic cultural context. In addition to being a moving interpersonal drama, the film depicts Hispanic culture on multiple levels, from typical greetings, food, and family practices, to more intense gender taboos. Alex is a 15 year old intersex Argentinian whose family moved to a remote coastal estate to protect their child from severe bullying. Intersex is a socially constructed category that reflects real biological variation, typically used to describe people born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male1. ¬ ¬¬¬ Alex grew up socialized as a girl and uses female gender pronouns throughout the film. Unlike many parents of intersexed children, Alex’s parents elected not to surgically change their child’s genitals to “fit” one gender or the other. Alex’s mother is struggling with not having her little girl anymore as puberty bring out Alex’s more masculine sexual identity. She has invited an Argentinean surgeon who specializes in gender reconstruction surgery, along with his wife and teenage son, to visit their home and give Alex the opportunity to elect to surgically become more female. The teenage son, who is exploring his sexual orientation...
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...The Appeal of the Androgynous Man “Androgyny is a term derived from the Greek words andros, meaning man and gyné, meaning woman, referring to the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics. This may be as in fashion, sexual identity, or sexual lifestyle or it may refer to biologically inter-sexed physicality, especially with regards to plant and human sexuality.” What makes a good relationship? Is it healthy for two people in a relationship to be exactly alike? In my opinion two people that are exactly alike won’t last in a relationship. In the article “The Appeal of the Androgynous Man” written by the editor in chief of “O” magazine Amy Gross, she talks about what kind of man should appeal to women? Amy Gross feels that an “all man’s man” is an insensitive, lazy, man who would only does things when needed. She compares the qualities and characteristics between an “androgynous man”, and the “all man’s man” Amy goes in to describe her views on an all-man’s man by saying “for one thing, never walks to the grocery store unless the little woman is away visiting her mother with the kids”. “All-men men don’t know how to shop in a grocery store unless it is to buy a 6-pack and some pretzels”. She then starts describing her first encounter with an androgynous man as him being “more self amused, less inflated, more quirky, vulnerable and responsive” as to an all man’s man who she says is a “chauvinist” “who has no taste in food, art, or how to live”. Based on Gross’s encounters...
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...Ekke Kanda English 112 Vocal Performances in American Stand-Up Comedy In “Sounding Gendered: Vocal Performances”, Tom Delph-Janiurek argues that peoples voices are mediated by discourse (Giltrow 277). He explains that voices are interpreted through attribution to recognizable performances of roles and gendered and sexualized performances (Giltrow 276). According to Delph-Janiurek, voices are limited within the confines of certain societal hegemonic norms. He explains that the relationship between voices and bodies is not necessarily physiological; voices are vocal “performances”. There exists a pre-established gender duality within society, in which masculinity and the “male” voice is associated with the male body, and femininity and the “female” voice is associated with the female body. Thus, what is considered to be a “natural” voice is merely a choice made by an individual as to which of the two sides of duality they identify with more (Gamson). This choice is a representation of a gendered and sexualized identity that is influenced by discourse. Gender norms dictate that males identify with the more masculine voice, with a lower pitch and only slight increases in intonation. The stereotypical female voice, on the other hand, is more high pitched, with more variation in intonation (Bonds-Raacke). With this in consideration, Delph Janiurek’s thesis is that voices have a “geography”, and that they can be authored in a certain way within certain societal “spaces” (Giltrow...
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...Nursing Practice in Maryland Myrnie Johnson Walden University Nurse 3000 Section 6, Issues and Trends in Nursing August 18, 2013 Nursing Practice in Maryland Nurse Practice Acts (NPA’s) are a set of laws that are individualized state-to-state that define the scope of nursing practice. The guidelines of the NPA and its rules provide safe parameters within which to work, as well as protect patients from unprofessional and unsafe nursing practice (“Nurse Practice Act, Rules & Regulations”, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of professional standards and legislation on nursing in the state of Maryland. Scope of Practice New graduate registered nurses (RNs) must fill out an application to take the NCLEX-RN examination in Maryland after they have successfully completed an education program approved by the Board of Nursing (BON). If this program was completed in another state, the program must be comparable to those approved by the BON in Maryland. The Maryland NPA defines an “approved” program as one being “in compliance with the regulations of the board” and “holds a certificate of approval from the Board of Nursing” (Department of Health and Mental Hygiene). If the applicant is from Puerto Rico, they must pass a Spoken English test. All applicants must then complete a Criminal History Background Check application with fingerprinting and declare their primary state of residence (Maryland Board of Nursing, 2011). Effective in 2013, Maryland...
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...A Comparison and Contrast of Gender Stereotypes in Advertising According to a study conducted in 2005 by Nielsen Media Research, the average American watches over four hours of television per day and 25% of that hour is comprised of advertising. This gives advertising companies a captive audience to include men, women, young, and old. Turn on the children’s channels and there are ads for juice boxes and the newest toy; turn on the sport network and there are advertisements for beer and beef jerky; turn on the entertainment channel and there will be advertisements for feminine products and shampoo that make claims to leave hair voluminous and shiny. While both men and women are subject to product advertising, it can be expected that the advertising companies use general gender stereotypes to line their pockets and sell products. Simply turn on the television for 20 minutes and you will likely find a plethora of advertisements that use gender stereotyping. Now, take for instance the following scenario, “Girl’s Night Out”, a common tradition for young women in their 20’s and 30’s. Get the girls together and hit the town on a Friday night; dawn a new pair of stilettos and a cute skirt and off to the bar for some cocktails! The women are grouped together; catching up on the latest gossip and here approaches the token tall, dark, and handsome man to steal away hearts. Sounds like the picture perfect evening out. Isn’t this what every 20 or 30-something, single woman’s dreams...
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