...“Transport in many ways is the life-blood of a nation’s economy; without it, no interchange of goods of people would be possible. The necessity that such interchange would become as cheap, quick and safe as possible has caused increasingly dramatic developments over centuries in both transportation methods and routes; from the times when slow vulnerable Camel caravans crossed the deserts of Africa and Asia to the modern Jet planes circling the world in twenty four hours in recent times. Efficient, up-to-date transport and communications systems are inevitably essential for the smooth working and growth of the economy of a developing nation. Mass production will have little economic value if the products cannot be distributed safely and quick to potential buyers, therefore the improvement in transport and industrial development have always reacted on one another. The British industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was as much a revolution in transport as in industrial techniques; as one could not have successfully taken place without the other. The present complex system of production in highly industrialized nations is only possible because of the improvement in their means of transportation which accompanied each stage of industrial development. The development of transportation in most parts of the world in the early nineteen century bought a social as well as commercial revolution. In Nigeria for instance; the railway networks enabled...
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...legislaţie deoarece pot apărea în interiorul acestei circulaţii libere foarte multe bariere netarifare ce ar sta în calea acestui deziderat.[1] Am putea spune că punctul de plecare spre crearea unei pieţe unice a fost apariţia Comunităţii Economice a Cărbunelui şi Oţelului(CECO) prin care se dorea crearea unei pieţe comune sectoriale cu obiective comune, aceasta bazându-se pe: interzicerea oricăror taxe de intrare sau de ieşire a produselor care făceau obiectul tratatului şi a oricăror restricţii cantitative în scopul asigurării liberei circulaţii a produselor şi persoanelor care lucrau în aceste sectoare; interzicerea oricăror măsuri ce discriminau producătorii, cumpărătorii sau utilizatorii atunci când acestea se refereau la preţ, tarife de transport sau alte măsuri sau practici care împiedicau libera alegere de către cumpărător a furnizorului, toate acestea urmând să ajute la stimularea dezvoltării schimburilor internaţionale reciproce.[2] Un al doilea moment şi poate mai important a...
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...KEY AREA SELECTED ISSUES : TRANSPORTATION (LAND) ___________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLE 1 : TRANSPORT A MAJOR CONCERN – SURVEY 1.1 Summary In South Africa, transportation is one of the biggest concerns, including public transport, accidents, and cost of fuel. Even though the people are concerned, they are positive and hopeful that the government is working for future improvement. 1.2 Issues 1.2.1 Transport is the third highest overall priority in South Africa society 1.2.2 The public’s top three issues were public transport, the high accident rate and the cost of fuel 1.2.3 The survey found that the outlook for the future was better, with 43% of South Africans thinking transport in their local area would improve in the coming years. 1.2.4 Majority of the respondents said there should be more private sector involvement in the provision of public transport. ARTICLE 2 : WHY JAPAN’S HIGH-SPEED TRAINS ARE SO GOOD 2.1 Summary Countries wanting high-speed trains can look to Japan’s example which refers to connecting the densely-populated areas by train, privatizing rail companies, and encouraging rail companies to be involved with development around the rails for extra revenue to be reinvested to the rail system. 2.2 Issues 2.2.1 Japan’s high-speed bullet train is often held up as an exemplar by rail boosters and government keen to acquire their own shiny new train-sets. 2.2.2 Trains are symbolic of...
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...` Measuring Road Transport Performance 1. Aspects of Performance To a large extent the bottom line indicator of performance of freight and passenger road transport is the operating cost per tonne or tonne-km (or per passenger or passenger-km). Level of service aspects such as travel time, reliability, safety, comfort and security are also important, as well as environmental impacts. Trucks: In countries where large-scale intercity trucking operates efficiently in medium-income countries with predominantly flat terrain, recent experience is that the transport cost per km for a truck-trailer is between US$0.75 and US$ 1.25. For a typical load of 20 tonnes, this works out at US cents 4-6 per tonne km. By contrast efficient small-scale transport in rural areas using small trucks may have a cost of US$ 0.20-0.30 per tonne-km, although it is common for the rates to be expressed on an hourly rather than km basis. Inefficient operations may push these costs much higher. Main factors that affect trucking costs are • economies of scale in truck size, which favor the use of larger trucks, • back-haul possibilities, which depend strongly on the demand pattern, • empty running and idle time due to seasonal variations in demand, • restrictions on working hours, for example due to regulations or safety reasons, • road conditions such as mountainous terrain, deteriorated pavement and traffic congestion, • enforcement procedures along the road and at border posts, which can...
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...provided before each number. SET A ___1. A means of transportation which is considered as less costly. ___2.A widely used inventory control technique. ___3. A special transport agency which fit the requirement for speed and reliability. ___4. This refers to receiving, recording, filling, and assembling orders for shipment. ___5. An inventory which may mean lost sales. ___6. A type of warehouse which are owned or leased by the company. ___7. This form of transportation constitutes the fastest means of delivering goods. ___8. This refers to the activities involved in moving goods over short distances into, within, and out of warehouses and manufacturing plants. ___9. A component of the order cycle that refers to the time the customer develops the order until the order is received by the seller. ___10. A form of transportation which provides a very important means of transportation especially in an archipelago like the Philippines. ___11. This cycle consists of order placement, internal order processing, order preparation, and order shipment. ___12.A type of warehouse that are operated by professional warehousers. ___13. Component of the order cycle that refers to all activities relating to the picking and packaging of individual customer orders. ___14. A special transport agency involved in the economical distribution of...
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...1. Introduction Infrastructure development is one of the top priorities of a country's economic progress. Planned and well connected infrastructure services attract foreign direct investments and boost local investments. Efficient infrastructure can promote sustainable economic and social development. Thus, infrastructure is the capital stock that provides public goods and services. It produces various effects, including those on production activities and quality of life for the households, which saturates the entire society. To meet the present and future demand for infrastructure development, developing and least developed countries like Bangladesh always face scarcity of their own resources. Therefore, to accelerate infrastructure development, the Government has encouraged private sector participation in infrastructure projects. Bangladesh inherited underdeveloped and unevenly distributed infrastructure and transportation networks. Poor and inefficient infrastructure undermined the economic development in the country, and only recently has the government been able to address the problem systematically and channel investments towards expanding its highways, railroads, seaports, and airports. In this term paper I have discussed the past and current situation of the country’s 2 sectors of infrastructure i.e. communication (roads) and Power (solar) sector and their contribution towards the development of our economy. 2. Bangladesh Infrastructure: Power and Communication...
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...Mohammad Alam Malam6@gmail.com The Perfect Chalk factory LTD is a private limited company (LTD), located in Kigali, Rwanda. Currently in 83% of the inhabitants of Rwanda are without electricity, making traditional forms of teaching, like chalk and chalk board, the main form of learning for schools, and universities. The goal of founder and CEO, of Perfect Chalk, Jean Bosco Mugabe is to be able to provide affordable, high quality and locally made chalk to school in the greater Rwanda region. Jeans’ vision is to expand his business to the outer limits of Rwanda, and possibly into other parts of Africa. However, The Perfect Chalk Factory is currently suffering from limited growth opportunities due to the inability to efficiently transport products outside of a certain radius of operation. The reason for this limitation is the quality of vehicles available to the company, high transportation costs and the condition of the roads outside of the city. The question that is being presented is whether there are better forms of product transportation available to the Perfect Chalk Factory, or are they forced to limit the reach of their business to their current area of operation. Lowering the Cost of Transportation of Eastern Africa Teravaninthorn, and Raballand (2008) did a review of the main international corridors of Africa where they measured the costs, and the problems associated with the trucking industries of each region. The study was carried out in three phases...
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...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
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...Transport Means & Modes 1- Transport Means : These means of transport are : Cars (trucks) , Ships, Trains, Planes and Pipes. These are the means which are used either for carrying people or carrying the goods from one place to another. 2- Transport Mode : Is the mode or the environment in which the mean is running or moving. Thus, we could say that the land roads are the mode for cars, buses and trucks. Sea is the mode for ships and marine crafts. Railway is the mode for trains. Air is the mode for the planes. And finally the pipeline is mode for pipe transportation. First : The Land Roads When building the roads there are certain requirements which should be considered and require special engineers who are specialized in this aspect in order to meet the local and the international requirements and standards which include the speed limits for cars and trucks, number of lanes, width of each lane, the degree of the steeps and the radius of the curves and many other things. Factors to be considered when planning for building a road : The highway roads and those which are designed for heavy lift trucks should pass out towns and cities in order to minimize traffic, noise and pollution inside the towns. When planning for a road or roads network it should be done to be capable of serving the future traffic considering the possibilities of the increasing population, number of cars and trucks and the expected increment in moving goods. Roads should...
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...freight, it has more advantages than by rail, air transportation for short distance transportation. 2. Analysis of trucking industry in China Since 1980s, China's economy has been developing rapidly, as well as the level of technology, which improved the network. With the commodity economy becoming increasingly active, inter-regional economic interaction and exchange of goods has become more frequent, and the average transportation distance also increased. The reform changed the planned economy and the dominance of state-owned transport enterprises in the transportation market situation. Market diversification has become more plentiful, in order to meet the new demands of the national economy in the trucking industry (Cheng, 94). Transportation market diversification and rapid development both contributed to providing goods vehicle loading, freight forwarders and shipping information emerged freight services. These services include traditional truckload, LTL and container, large bulky cargo, dangerous goods transport, and express transportation, social storage transportation services are also occasional established. The rapid development of the transport market diversification and capacity make it possible to services like providing goods vehicles, freight forwarders, and freight shipping information to emerge (Suo, 13). In addition, as the economy system has changed since 1978, the market of the trucking industry is no longer controlled by Chinese government. There are two main types...
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...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air,rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canalsand pipelines and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused oncontainerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use...
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...HAVI Logistics clients benefit from the “One-Stop-Shopping”-distribution system with its individual infrastructure: one order, one delivery, one invoice. The Lead Logistics Provider thus takes over more control of the entire logistic chain than the mere physical movement of goods providing the highest standards in delivery and food safety. As a logistic partner, HAVI is completely integrated into the client’s business model. Hence, the client can fully focus on its core operations, while HAVI Logistics takes care of all logistic processes, from acquisition and purchase-price optimation all the way to distribution and storage at the point of sale. (Interview Theologu, 2013) HAVI Logistics is striving to combine ecologic, economic and social goals. As one of the world’s first companies it has achieved the validation with the highest environmental requirements of EMAS III. (Havi Logistics 25 Jahre, 2006) 1.2 Industry Structure “Logistics is when everything runs smoothly.”...
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...in two great parts. A southern half with Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests and savannas which has a warm China climate and the northern half which mainly consists of mountains and perpetual snow. Our roads are the dominant mode of transportation for our inhabitants. All of our Bhutanese households have to travel over our roads, but almost 21% of these have to walk one to four hours to reach the nearest all-season road, and another 21 percent even have to spend more than half a day. And when they reach these roads they have to face dangerous conditions in weather and infrastructure. The fatality rate in Bhutan is quite significant . Per 10,000 vehicles 21 deaths were reported in 2006. Because of our dangerous roads, domestic transport has become a financial and social freight of our inhabitants. As a consequence of poor rural access, people in rural areas become isolated. This being a direct reason for the remaining poverty...
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...at the smugness of containers at the level of deposit to satisfy the customers so to increase the sales force of CMA CGM Morocco as well as the recommendations implementation to decrea1se the number of the outstanding containers for the CMA CGM. Table of contents: Introduction Part 1: The management of the logistic flows of containers to the CMA CGM Chapter 1: The Company Section 1: CMA CGM, 3rd world ship owner 1) The birth of the group CMA CGM 2) History of the CMA CGM 3) The development 4) Setting-up in Morocco 5) Mission of the CMA CGM Section 2: A presentation of the actors of the port of Casablanca: 1) SOMAPORT, agency of exploitation of ports 2) The public actors of the sector of sea transport in Morocco Chapter 2: The ideal progress of a container Section 1: The technical aspects of the transportation of goods containerized 1) Definition of a container 2) The various types of containers Section 2: The journey of the container within the CMA CGM 1) The optimal journey of the containers within the CMA CGM 2) Modelling Import 3) Modelling Export Part 2: The...
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...Globalization carries many perspectives, e.g. globalization of travel, tourism, trade or economy. “ Short and Kim (1999 ) see globalization as the stretching of activities across the globe. Shaw and Williams (2002) regard the globalization phenomenon as a spatial widening of the linkages between places, leading to the internationalization of cultures, global flows of goods and services and increased competition. According to Cooper et al (1998), the crux of globalization is in the increase in world-wide business and trade between multi-national and trans-national corporations, irrespective of their geographical locations.” [ Mpofu : JBAS Vol. 1, No. 2, Sept. 2009 ]. Understanding it in an economic sense, globalization renders world-wide scope to changes in the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal ( PESTEL ) domains of national governments, resulting in increased inter-dependence amongst nation-states, inter-action and integration between peoples, and ease of conduct of business across geographically spread countries. In creating competitive environments and bringing about reciprocal benefits, nation-states co-operate in facilitating ease of travel, lifting trade barriers for movement of goods and services, facilitating conducive environments for conduct of business, easing entry-exit laws on legal movement of people across national boundaries, and embracing international labour-related laws to tap into human resource talent and filling...
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