...PREFACE Term paper is an important topic in semester – I Post Graduate syllabus of University of Calcutta. My topic is “TRANSPORT NETWORK ANALYSIS and ITS IMPACT on REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT”. The paper begins with ‘The Concept of Transport’; here I discuss what transport means in general sense and the processes of transport. The next sector is concerned with the ‘Modes of Transport’ as it deals with the network directly. Thus modes of transport are one of the important components of the network. Here I have discussed all the modes of transport, transport pattern and a simple model of interaction. The next chapter includes ‘The Transport Network Analysis’ where I discussed Topological Classification of Network, Centrality within a Network, The Spread and Diameter of Networks and mainly the Transport Network Analysis. This discussion is followed by ‘The Concept of Regional Development’ where I discussed the definition of region and short view about regional development. The relation between the Transport Network Analysis and Regional Development is highlighted in the next sector. It is the most important part of the paper. That’s why its include The Role of Transport in Regional Development and also the importance of Transport in Tourism as tourism can be a leading factor in a regions development. Documented with diagrams, couple of tables and written in a simple but convincing style, the paper, it is hoped that it shall attract immense peoples concern. I am highly indebted...
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...that most changes are the result of factors in the external environment, particularly the far environment. In this report, I will briefly talk about one of the largest transportation company in Kuwait “The Transport and Warehousing Group Co. (TWG) – Citybus, and this is followed by a brief analysis of the main groups of external factors through the six headings of Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Factors (PESTEL). Finally, I will identify five of the important stakeholders and their interest in the activities of the company. Company Profile | | | | | | | Transportation companies play an important role in our life. It is one of the most overlooked activities within modern society. One of the largest transportation companies in Kuwait is The Transport & Warehousing Group Co. (TWG) , which providing safe transportation means that are designed to meet the client's requirements. TWG is a public limited company listed on Kuwait Stock Exchange with a paid up capital of K.D 9,826,773, with the current market capitalization of over KD 140 million. The profit for the year 2007 was at KD 3.56 million. One of most important divisions of TWG is Citybus.For the past 40 years, the public transport sector in Kuwait was dominated by one operator - a company fully owned by the Government of Kuwait. On 08 March 2002, this monopolistic trend came to historical end when a new concept in public transport came to life namely Citybus. The...
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...Shipping has been an important human activity, especially where prosperity depended primarily on international trade and interregional trade. Transportation has been one of the main factors of globalization, along with communications, international standardization, and trade liberalization. Due to a number of technological, economic, and socio-cultural forces, only limited country can keep itself fully isolated from the economic activities of other countries. Many countries have seen enormous economic growth in the recent past due to their willingness to open their borders and markets to foreign investment and trade. This increased flow of knowledge, resources, goods, and services among world’s nations is called “globalization”, formally defined as the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets. Introduction Marine transportation is an integral, if sometimes less publicly visible, part of the global economy. The marine transportation system is a network of specialized vessels, the ports they visit, and transportation infrastructure from factories to terminals to distribution centers to markets. Maritime transportation is a necessary complement to and occasional substitute for other modes of freight transportation. For many commodities and trade routes, there is no direct substitute for waterborne commerce. The Important of Maritime Transport in the Global Economy ...
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...transport Tuesday, 1 January, 2013 2:29 PM Transportation and Economic Development Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Theo Notteboom1. The Economic Importance of Transportation Like many economic activities that are intensive in infrastructures, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on development and the welfare of populations. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multipliers effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment and additional investments. When transport systems are deficient in terms of capacity or reliability, they can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities. Efficient transportation reduces costs, while inefficient transportation increases costs. The impacts of transportation are not always intended, and can have unforeseen or unintended consequences such as congestion. Transport also carries an important social and environmental load, which cannot be neglected.The added value and employment effects of transport services usually extend beyond employment and added value generated by that activity; indirect effects are salient. For instance, transportation companies purchase a part of their inputs from local suppliers. The production of these inputs generates additional value-added and employment in the local economy. The suppliers in turn purchase goods and services from other local firms. There are further...
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...discussing about how freight transport would bring to critical environmental issue to the society. 2.0 Problem Statement Freight transport has been identified that are causing three major problems, which are stated as below, (1) Increases of the road freight transport increase environmental issues along, (2) Some controversy relationship issue between transport growth and economic development, environmental and political factors, (3) Emission rise of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Carbon Dioxide (CO²) worsen the greenhouse effect. 2.1 Road freight transport and environmental issues. The freight transport in Europe by road, rail and waterway together has grown by about 60 per cent since 1970; especially road transport has more than doubled, while rail and waterway still remained static. In this case, there is involving an increasing number of road freight traffic that could cause towards the increasing of environmental problem. For a case in point, when heavy goods vehicles are being used to transfer goods from a point of origin to another destination, it could be leaking out pollutant material and energy emission that would be harmful to humans as well as flora and fauna. 2.2 Controversy relationship issue The relationships between transport growth and economic development are significantly different from those linking the economy to the energy sector generally. The energy intensity of economic defined as the amount energy...
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...of the united nations, including undp, or their Member States. taBle of contents Content Page 2 3 7 9 9 9 12 13 14 14 15 15 18 20 24 25 27 27 31 31 31 36 36 38 38 41 43 46 48 48 49 53 55 57 59 60 63 68 84 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Executive Summary Introduction 1. regional economic integration and human development 1.1. conceptual linkages 1.1.1 Income 1.1.2 Access to services 1.1.3 Empowerment 1.1.4 Sustainability 1.2. contextual factors 2. the context for African regional integration 2.1. Geographical fragmentation 2.2. capacities, institutions and domestic policies 2.3. climate, nutrition and health 2.5. the environment and common resources 2.6. Should Africa look outward, inward, or both? 3. Estimating the impact of regional integration in Africa 3.1 Estimating the scope and benefits of integration 3.2 the modeling of integration 3.2.1 the regional, continental and global integration paths i) regional and continental integration paths ii) Global integration paths 3.2.2 the impact on human development i) the impact on poverty ii) the impact on employment iii) the impact on the sector composition of production iv) the impact on factors of production v) the impact on GHG emissions 4. the experience of developing countries with regional integration and human development 4.1 An exploration of ASEAn, cAn and...
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...marticulation number: 201011524 FTUG 44201, Business Environments Dr Marcjanna Augustyn DUE dATE: 04.05.2012 A Report showing the key political, economic, social and technological factors that are likely to influence: FlyBE limited Contents Page Title Page ________________________________________________ Page 1 Contents Page _____________________________________________ Page 2 List of Tables and Diagrams __________________________________ Page 3 Executive Summary _________________________________________ Page 4 Introduction ________________________________________________ Page 5 Methodology ______________________________________________ Page 6 Findings/Results ________________________________________ Page 7 – 16 Conclusion/Recommendation _________________________________ Page 17 References _________________________________________________ Page 18 List of Tables and Diagrams Table 1: “Key Financials and Employees” (FAME database) ___________________________ page 7 Table 2: “Number of passengers travelled through UK airports for the years 2007 till 2011” ______________________________________________________________________________ page 9 Table 3: “Interest Rates” _____________________________________________________ page 10 Table 4: “Estimated increases in rate of APD paid by a family of four” __________________ page 11 Table 5: “Percentage of people aged 65 and above”__________________________________...
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...colleges, universities, gas, electricity, water companies and transport. The public sector refers to government owned organisations and the private sector refers to non-government owned organisations. PEST stands for: Political, Economic, Social and Technological influences. Political factors: UNISON’s most significant external factor is the employment legislation. Many workers are constantly being underpaid and are made to work longer hours. UNISON have set out information services regarding legal advice so that migrant workers are aware of their rights. Economic factors: UNISON recognises the benefits that migrant workers bring to the economy and they have made sure that the workers are receiving the fair work and the pay that they deserve. The overall economy is boosted with the help from migrant workers and UNISON have recognised this. Social factors: UNISON’S “Bargaining Agenda” is wanting migrant workers to be aware of the issues that are important to the workers. UNISON shows its care for workers different cultures. They want the workers to feel welcome in their workplace and to so do they are encouraging them to print important packages in their own languages to make them feel a part of their organisation. Technological factors: Technology is an important and vital aspect of all organisations. UNISON provides information on their website which can help many migrant workers, which shows just how important it is to be up to date with technology in order to reach...
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...This chapter analyses the freight rate mechanism in the shipping market. Sea transport is a derived demand where shipping demand occurs as a result of seaborne trade. The demand determinants affecting sea transport include government and political factors, the world economy, seaborne commodity trade, average haul, and transport costs. On the other hand, determinants for shipping supply are fleet size and operational efficiency. The shipping supply function shows the quantity of shipping services by sea transport carriers that would be offered at each level of the freight rate, whereas the shipping demand function shows how shippers adjust their demand requirements to changes in freight rates. In the shipping market, the supply and demand curves intersect at the equilibrium price, where both carriers and shippers have reached a mutually acceptable freight rate. Furthermore, the concept of the “shipping cycle” is introduced in this chapter. A shipping cycle starts with a shortage of ships and increases in freight rates, which in turn stimulates excessive ordering of new ships. The delivery of new ships leads to more supply in shipping capacity. The shipping cycle is a competitive process in which supply and demand interact to determine freight rates. 2.1 Demand for Sea Transport The shipping business uses the market mechanism to regulate supply and demand. Demand for freight transport is determined by demand for physical commodities in a given location. Because...
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...of Enterprises Abstract: In the context of global economic integration , along with the development of international trade in full swing , the international logistics industry has been rapid development . But overall, the logistics industry is still much room for development, logistics costs in corporate expenses and the country's GDP composition plays an important role in both . This clearly illustrates the composition of enterprise logistics cost , briefed the logistics management theories and factors affecting the cost of logistics enterprises , and enterprises to reduce logistics costs and provide effective recommendations. Abstract: On the background of economic integration, with the development of international trade, international logistics has also been got rapid growth. But there is still much room for the development of the whole logistics industry, logistics costs play an important in business spending and the country's GDP. This article clearly illustrated the constitute of the costs of logistics, briefly introduced the theory of logistic management and the factors which can effect the logistic costs of the company, and provided effective recommendation on how to reduce logistics costs. Keywords: logistics costs, enterprises, management Keywords: logistic costs, company, management I. Introduction Logistics cost management in modern logistics management occupies an important position , "Logistics is the economic dark continent ", " Logistics is the third profit...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT On Effectiveness of Marine Logistics Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Ms. Parinaz Todiwala Mr.Pravin Dixit Assistant Professor MD (Kshitij Marine Services Pvt. Ltd.) Submitted by Ms. Harshita Kakar [Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592001] Ms. Nupur Mishra[Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592005 ] MBA SEMESTER III S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT - 805 MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad December, 2012 Company Certificate (For Sem. 3) (On Company Letterhead) This is certified that Ms. Harshita Kakar and Ms. Nupur Mishra from S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, are carrying out the research on the subject titled “ ” at this company / organisation under the supervision of Mr. Pravin Dixit, from Sep, 2012 to Dec, 2012. I also certify that, the above mentioned students have carried the research work satisfactorily. Place: - Surat Date: - _________ ( to be announced later on) ________________ (Name & Designation) Students’ Declaration We, Ms. Harshita Kakar &...
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...(Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.6, No.5, 2014 www.iiste.org Risk Exposures, Vulnerability and Mitigation Methods among Road Transport Workers in Nigeria Festus M Epetimehin PhD Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji- Arakeji fessy51@yahoo.co.uk, fmepetimehin@jabu.edu.ng Abstract This study examines risk exposures among Road Transport Worker and their methods of mitigation. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from Lagos State. Nigeria. In order to determine how different types of risk exposures contribute to number of accidents on the roads, Cramer’s V was used to analyze and test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the findings revealed that age, driving experience, treatment seeking behavior and speed limit have significant relationship with drivers’ risk exposures. The study also reveals that younger drivers are more exposed to accident than older drivers and the treatment seeking behavior used by the Road Transport workers exposed them as well as their families to financial danger. In line with these findings, it was recommended that Road Transport Workers, RTW should use a formalized means to mitigate their losses. Keywords: Risk, Vulnerability, Mitigation, Risk exposure, Accident, Insurance 1.0 Introduction Risk is an integral part of mankind. It is a permanent and important part of life. Everyone is exposed to various kind of risk including their properties. The willingness on the part of insurance industry...
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...Introduction to the Global Economy The Global Economy Globalisation – Refers to the integration between different countries and economies and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity * No longer are economies dominated by local influences but rather through global influences from another countries and economies due to the impact of globalisation. * The aggregate value of all goods and services produced worldwide each year in the global economy is known as gross world economy * The Great depression in the 1930’s and the world wars are examples of international influences on economies in the twentieth century. This also caused trade barriers to arise * The major indicators of integration between economies include: * International trade in goods and services * International trade flows * International investment flows and transnational corporations * Technology, transport and communication * The movement of workers between countries Globalisation * Barriers have been put up to try and protect businesses * Benefits to removing barriers * Barriers have been removed but there are still some barriers that exist * Some say the EU is closing off itself to other countries * Benefits to globalisation: * Trading – we might not have products that are only overseas * Cheaper labour is overseas * Investment overseas and investment into Australia * Financial flows of...
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...Assignments of Port Economics Topic Freight rates have remained low and volatile in the various market segments (container, liquid and dry bulk). What influences freight rates? How has this influenced the demand for port services and the setting of port charges and tariffs? Huda Mohammad Nazmul Student ID: 1120130936 Major: Master’s of Business Management Dalian Maritime University Dalian, China Abstract After the economic crisis in 2007-2008 fiscal years the freight market remained volatile and freight rate remained low in various market segments. The purpose of the study to determine the factors those influence the freight rate and how those influence the demand of port services and setting charges for the port. The depression in market segments affects the supply and demand of the freight of the shipping lines which also has an effect on the demand of port services and setting of port charges and tariffs. The research paper shows the factors that influence the freight rate as well as the influence on the port services and setting charges and tariffs which lead to a change in port operation, reform and regulation. To illustrate the relation among them international trade theory and other historical data has been considered as the evaluations of the paper. In the discussion of different market segments new demands for the port operation and setting charges has been illustrated. Fundamental concepts...
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...Lepusiceva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia PERICA MADUNIC, B. Eng. E-mail: perica.madunic@t.ht.hr Croatian Telecom Inc. Savska cesta 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Section: Transportation Economics Review J\ccepted: Dec. 15,2005 J\pproved:Feb.21,2006 MARKETING CONCEPT IN THE FUNCTION OF CROATIAN SEAPORT BUSINESS OPERATION IMPROVEMENT ABSTRACT The application of the scope of marketing concept in modem market conditions of business operation is obligatory. The role of marketing, as a business philosophy, is in the end unavoidable for the improvement of business operation. It is impossible to do business in market conditions and not to apply basic marketing rules. Therefore, the solution for the improvement of operation of Croatian seaports should be sought through the systematic application of the scopes of marketing concept. Marketing mix should be applied to the system ofbusiness operation of Croatian seaports, with a breakdown of all underlying marketing functions based on the results of a systematic market research, and through monitoring not only of the current status but also of market trends and forecasts, listening to customer demands and trends in this particular branch of industry. In addition to the improvement of the quality of transport services, through the analysis of the price policy and by strengthening the logistics of port operation, particular attention should be focused towards the systematic application ofall promotion mix elements aiming...
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