Mapua Institute of Technology
Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila
School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

Applying Transportation Systems
On
San Pedro City, Laguna
In Partial Requirements for SVM161

Submitted By:
Andrada, Michael Sherwin
Sillo, Jerome

Submitted To:
Prof. Elisier Fantillo

Introduction
History
San Pedro became a town on January 18, 1725, when King Charles II of Spain decreed that the town formerly known as "Tabuko" be a separate town from "Kabullaw" (now known as the city of Cabuyao). By virtue of the last will of Philip V of Spain, Rodriguez de Figueroa or "Don Esteban", a group of Augustinian Fathers gained the ownership of the Tunasán Estate. Later on, San Pedro became an hacienda of Colegio de San José, a group of Jesuits friars who took over the property which now is known as "San Pedro Tunasán". "Tunasán" literally means "a place where there is Tunás" (Opuntia tuna), a medicinal plant abundant on shoreline area. During that period, agriculture, fishing, duck raising, fruit trees, sampaguita were the main source of income of its residents. This period was highlighted by the growing tenant/landlord dispute. The tenants of Hacienda San Pedro Tunasán fought for their birthrights over their ancestral lands. This struggle took almost 423 years of unsuccessful resistance to Colegio de San José, and in 1938, the government bought the homesites of the San Pedro Tunasán Hacienda from the Colegio for re-sale to its tenants. This event laid to rest the tenants/landlord problem in the town. From the Spanish time until after the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, the scenario did change a bit, when on August 30, 1954 beginning to the Philippine Commonwealth forces against the Japanese, President Ramón Magsaysay signed at the historic town plaza the Land Tenancy Act. By virtue of this law, farm lots of the hacienda were bought by the Philippine Government to be sold at cost to the tenants or occupants of the farm lots in Bayan-Bayanan under the Narra Settlement Project of the Magsaysay Administration.

Mission Vision From being called a mere Dormitory Town of students and employees from Greater Manila Area, San Pedro will rise and activate its business sector, offer a greater employment capabilities to its constituency through its San Pedro Light Industrial Park, provide the needy a modernized and complete medical health services through its municipality owned and maintained hospital, to cater educational needs of our studentry in its colleges and universities like the PUP, make available the services of most of the branches of the government through their municipal offices, better sceneries and recreation areas and shopping malls to spend their weekends leisurely. All of these is to make San Pedro a fully self-reliant community, thus, there will be no need for any San Pedronian to commute to the Greater Manila Area for their needs.

I will never consent that my beloved town be called a “Dormitory Town” again for it will disgrace the sacrifices of our heroes who gave their lives during the 2nd World War defending the pride of being a San Pedronian.

Objectives It is the goal of the Municipality of San Pedro promote its growth and development and its transformation into a secondary metropolitan center and to ensure every resident the enjoyment of a satisfactory quality of life though the development of well-balanced physical environment where economic, social and cultural activities are freely and fully pursued.

To effect a balanced and integrated development of all areas of the municipality through a rational spatial distribution of various land uses.
To generate employment opportunities through a balance mixed of commercial and industrial activities.
To provide the internal transportation and communication networks to increase the accessibility, mobility and interaction of all areas.

Role San Pedro, as provided for in the Provincial Physical Framework Plan of Laguna, is envisioned to be a Secondary Metropolitan Centre. It is dubbed as a Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Educational Centre. As a primary growth centre, the nature and extent of, and significant development trends in these sectors presently obtaining in the municipality, provides for the present high level development and potential for growth of the municipality. As a well-developed multi-sectoral municipality, its role as a leading growth municipality in this part of the province and the region is further enhanced. These multi-sectoral growths are being availed of not only of its residents, but also from other population centre, further enhance the functional role of the municipality in relation to its influenced area.

Industrial developments in Barangay San Antonio like Kimberly Clark, Holland Milk and Aclem Paper Mills and different industries dotting the other barangay provide employment and livelihood opportunities to the local as well as adjacent labor force. Since these industries are of national or multi-national corporate capitalization and are enjoyed both in local and export marketing, the municipality is gaining both national and international renown as an industrial and manufacturing centre. Taxes being paid by these industries help provide for the basic services and amenities needed for the government as well as the constituents of the municipality.

Commercial establishments along A. Mabini St. and along the National Highway from Narra Road to Pacita Complex and up to the boundary of Biñan show the nature and extent of commercial activities in their municipality. The presence of local commercial complexes or shopping centers such as the San Pedro Town Center and Pacita Complex and other commercial establishments set the trend of commercial development in that part of the municipality. These are further enhanced by the presence of banks, financial centres and other establishments. There are also commercial establishments supportive of various educational institutions. These make the area a financial and commercial district of the municipality. The old commercial developments within the Poblacion provide for the needs of the residents of the town proper.

The exodus of populous in these numerous residential development areas both public and private makes the municipality a “dormitory town”.

Presidential Decree No. 1474 declared the San Pedro-Tunasan Estate suitable for residential, commercial, or other non-agricultural purposes. Under this decree, San Pedro was selected as the site of the San Pedro Resettlement project in 1971. Thereafter, the municipality has developed into an urbanized town unless mixed land uses are existent.

San Pedro can boast of its various educational institutions efficiency, pre-school to tertiary education. There are a good number of private schools in the municipality. These schools serve the educational needs of its population as well as those of neighbouring towns and provinces.

Cityhood On March 27, 2013, President Benigno Aquino signed the 64-page Republic Act No. 10420 converting the municipality into a new component city of the province of Laguna. The cityhood of San Pedro would be ratified through a plebiscite to be scheduled by the Commissions on Elections. Once it was ratified, it will be the newest and the sixth city of Laguna after the cities of Biñan, Cabuyao, Calamba, San Pablo and Santa Rosa.

Road Map (San Pedro City, Laguna)
List of Barangays / Population

b.) Areas of each Barangay in San Pedro Laguna (SPL):

Legend: San Vicente Poblacion USPS Estrella 
Projects

GOAL
To attain maximum economic growth through effective transportation network/system.

OBJECTIVES
To provide better linkages between major functional areas and barangays
Regulate transport system
Upgrade all minor barangay roads

STRATEGIES The local government shall endeavour and maintain an efficient and well integrated road system that will be supportive of the municipality’s economic and social development thrust.

In carrying such goals, the local government shall see to it that future construction road is:

In consonance with the land use plan.
It must not only function as a path for vehicular movement but must contribute also to the upliftment of the quality of the environment.

Finished Projects
Project TitleProject DescriptionLocationImplementing AgencyTime FrameTransportation and MobilitiyAsphalting of roadJ. Felipe St. & Balagtas St. Chrysantemum VillageLGU2000Concreting of pathwayBrgy. MagsaysayLGU2000Asphalting of roadGreatland VillageLGU2000South Luzon Expressway (Interchange)San AntonioDPWH/ LGU2000-2001Road widening on one side of Luna St.Luna St.DPWH/ LGU2000-2005Continuous maintenance of all roads & bridgesWhole municipalityDPWH/ LGU2000-2010
On-Going Projects
Project TitleProject DescriptionLocationImplementing AgencyTime FrameTransportation and MobilitiyConstruction of Drainage System, Sidewalk and Road WideningQuezon St., Cor., Maravilla Compd, Approaching Agnus School, Brgy. CuyabLGU2012Concrete Reblocking and Asphalt OverlayArra Rd., Brgy. San Antonio, LGU2012Concrete Reblocking and Asphalt OverlayVilla Olympia Phase 1, Brgy. San VicenteLGU2013Patching and Asphalt OverlayMoises Carmen., Ave and some portion of streets of Guevarra Subd., Brgy. San VicenteLGU2013Patching and Asphalt OverlayOliver St., Hernandez St., Brgy. LandayanLGU2013Patching and Asphalt OverlayConsole XII Subd., Brgy. San VicenteLGU2013Patching and Asphalt OverlayNew Year Ave., Brgy. GSISLGU2013Patching and Asphalt OverlayMaharlika Ave., USPS., Brgy. San AntonioLGU2013

Land
Land Area
Region : CALABARZON (Region IV-A)
Province : Laguna
District : 1st District of Laguna
Total Land Area: 24.05 km2 (9.29 sq. mi)
Establishments
20 Public Elementary Schools
6 Public High Schools
17 College and Universities
25 Educational Institutions
17 Churches
6 Industrial Services and Equipment
2 Cosmetic and Herbal Factories
8 Furniture and Housewares
4 Packaging Factories
1 Water Waster Service
15 Digital Studios
10 Motor / Vehicle Parts and Services
24 Gasoline Stations
18 Hospitals

Land Use:

Legend: Residential/Commercial Agricultural/Farms River/Creeks/Lake Express Way

CATEGORYAREA (ha)DISTRIBUTION, %1. Residential/Commercial122550.94%2. Agricultural/Farms492.04%3. Forests50.21%4. Rivers/Creeks/Lake10.04%5. Mountains/Residential/Commercial/Forest112546.78%Total2, 405 ha
Transportation
Modes of Transportation
Private Vehicles
Jeepneys
Trucks
Buses
Tricycles
Pedicabs

Routes of Jeepneys

Jeepney Routes:
San Pedro to Sucat
San Pedro to Muntinlupa
San Pedro to Binan
San Pedro to G.S.I.S
San Pedro to Cuyab
San Pedro to Estrella
San Pedro to Cavite

Majority of public transportation vehicles in San Pedro consists of Jeepneys because the distance from other barangays are far and cannot be reached by walks. In order to reduce the transportation costs of the commuters, the municipality jeepneys are assigned to travel long distances and tricycles are also present but its importance is for the convenience of their commuters to travel specific places in short distances.

Routes of Buses
Buses passes through San Pedro Highway, Pacita Main Road, Calendola Main Road they have limited ways to pass due to San Pedro’s roads are not designed to withstand large vehicles like trucks and buses.
Bus Destinations:
San Pedro Pacita to Lawton
BBL Trans (5am to 5pm)
Green Star (5am to 8pm)
Worthy Transport (7am to 9am)

San Pedro Pacita to Ayala
Worthy Transport (5am – 5pm)
Dela Rosa (24 Hours)
Cher (24 Hours)
San Pedro Pacita to Alabang to Sucat to Ayala
Cher (24 Hours)
Location of Congestions

Based by the Stochasticity of Congestion (Keypoint 25)
RED MARK – Traffics recurring every day on different time frames
Causes of Red Marks
Intersection Choke Point
Rush Hours
Non-Recurring Stochasticity

GREEN MARK – Traffics occur during on Friday or Sunday
Church Dismissals during Sunday (Christian Bible Baptist Church)
Landayan Day during Friday (Similar to Baclaran Day)

Environment
Local Governance Performance (Environment)
Municipality of San Pedro, PY 2011
Highlighted in this report is your LGU's performance in four (4) areas of governance: (1) Administrative Governance, (2) Social Governance, (3) Economic Governance, and (4) Environmental Governance. A special report is included to determine how the fundamentals of good governance such as Participation, Transparency, and Financial Accountability are valued in the LGU. It is to note that the LGU's performance was assessed based on the responses of the LGU's Team to the questions provided into the LGPMS database. A Performance Scale is used to identify areas with excellent performance and areas for improvement. A perfect scale of 5 denotes excellent performance while performance scales of 1-4 indicate areas for improvement. Although scales of 3 and 4 are relatively high, there are areas which can still be improved on. All these are explained in detail as you read the entire report.

On Environmental Governance
Environmental Governance looks into four areas: Forest Ecosystem Management, Freshwater Ecosystem Management, Coastal Marine Ecosystem Management, and Urban Ecosystem Management. The report varies according to local ecosystems. Ecosystems which are not related to the LGU are filtered out. Your LGU performance in this area is plotted in the graph below.

Area(s) with Excellent Performance
Your LGU is doing an excellent performance in 1 out of 2 sub-areas of Environmental Governance. Sustain Performance in this area:
Area(s) with Excellent PerformanceInterpretationFreshwater Ecosystems Management Freshwater ecosystem management is of importance to the LGU. Long-term planning is valued. CSO and citizen participation are recognized and are mobilized in fresh water protection and rehabilitation. Areas for rehabilitation and protection are set, and that target areas for rehabilitation and protection are met.
Area(s) for Improvement
The areas for improvement are listed by priority, starting from the area which gets the lowest performance scale followed by areas which get higher performance scales, respectively.
Priority Area for ImprovementPerformance DescriptionInterpretationUrban Ecosystems Management 4.70High but not ExcellentPollution control and proper solid waste management are essential in preserving the integrity of the environment. More need to be done. To gain better performance in this area, consider the following:Suggested Action(s) to TakePrepare, if none has been formulated, or improve the quality of, the Solid Waste Management Plan
Ensure that every barangay has a material recovery facility

Carbon Emission
Jeepney Emission:
This is an example of every jeepney driver who produces Carbon Footprint per year. The number of distance given is higher compared to bus routes because jeepneys travel inside San Pedro while Buses just passes through.

Bus Emission:
This is how much every bus driver produces Carbon Footprint per year in San Pedro. The number of distance is lower than jeepney routes because buses just pass through San Pedro.

Economic Quality
Local Governance Performance (Economic)
On Economic Governance
Economic Governance looks into three areas: Support to Agriculture Sector, Support to Fishery Services, and Enterprise, Business and Industry Promotion. The report varies according to the nature of economic activities in the locality. Support to agriculture or fishery services are filtered out if not applicable. Your LGU performance in this area is plotted in the graph below.

Area(s) with Excellent Performance
None of the 2 areas in Economic Governance marked "excellent performance" so far. Meantime, dedicate more time and effort on the areas for improvement.

Area(s) for Improvement
The areas for improvement are listed by priority, starting from the area which gets the lowest performance scale followed by areas which get higher performance scales, respectively.
Priority Area for ImprovementPerformance DescriptionInterpretationSupport to Agriculture Sector2.87LowWeak support to the agriculture sector. Why this is so can be shown, thus. In the context of an agricultural economy, dedicated support is critical.Suggested Action(s) to TakeImprove infrastructure support, e.g., communal irrigation system, farm-to-market roads, post-harvest facilities
Improve credit facilitation services to farmers
Extend adequate production support, e.g., planting materials, fertilizers, and laboratory services such as soil testing
Provide assistance to research and development, e.g., techno-demo cooperators, and research institutes
Improve market development services, e.g., trade fairs, exhibits, missions and congresses
Reach more farming-household beneficiaries
Priority Area for ImprovementPerformance DescriptionInterpretationEntrepreneurship, Business and Industry Promotion4.17High but not ExcellentMore need to be done to institutionalize a business-friendly environment. Factors such as the following need to be looked into:Suggested Action(s) to TakeEnsure the ease of doing business. Strategize to effect the issuance of building, occupancy, and business permits in a more expedient manner
Provide, or cause the provision of, direct support services to business, particularly those categorized as micro, small and medium enterprises. Support services may come in the form of tax incentives, product labeling, product packaging, training, job fairs and trade fairs

Financial Profile

IRA Share: Php 260,630,352.00
Local-Sourced
Revenues: Php 204,865,804.04
Other Revenues: Php 0.00
Total LGU Income: Php 465,496,156.04
Economic Activity

RatingName1Commercial and Service Centres2Industrial3Fishery4Agricultural5Mining
Ecosystem:
Agricultural Ecosystems
Freshwater Ecosystems

Events / Special Days / Holidays (Only for San Pedro / Laguna )

Sampaguita Festival A week-long festival which includes various activities ranging from cultural to sports, trade fairs, amateur singing contest, parades, historical exhibits, social & religious gatherings, tribal dance & sports exhibitions. The highlight of the festival is the Coronation Night of the "Hiyas ng San Pedro". The festival aims to promote tourism in San Pedro & to promote & revitalize Sampaguita industry in the locality.
San Pedro holds the record of laying the longest sampaguita (flower lei) line spanning 3.6 km (2 mi), from Biñan City-San Pedro boundary to San Pedro-Muntinlupa City boundary on the National Highway, making them listed in the Guinness World Records in 2009. Birthday of Rizal San Pedro also celebrates the birthday of Rizal because all of Laguna is included to declare it as a holiday.
Laguna Day

Growth of Life

Population Classification
Population: 340,643
Number of Households: 85,161

Situation Definition

Congestions on National Highway of San Pedro during Rush hours on different location points.
Overpopulated Jeepneys around San Pedro.
Municipality focuses much on
Some barangays are rural areas (commonly those that are far from National Highway of San Pedro)
Far barangays having trouble going to urban areas due to limited transportation.

Problem Definition

Intersections on San Pedro Highway results to congestion. For example, the intersection between San Pedro to Muntinlupa. Recurring events of traffic happens every day on this intersection mostly the cause of the problems are trucks and buses that are permitted to pass only on this areas.

Overpopulation of Jeepneys in San Pedro causes large carbon footprints discussed on the topic about carbon emissions above. All jeepneys and buses are diesel powered so the carbon emission greatly gives a great impact on the environment. Also along the National Highway there are only few trees noticeable during the trip therefore fumes released by jeepneys cannot be absorbed by trees.

San Pedro just became a city this year, although they are declared as a city there are still rural areas present on some of the barangays because the people have limited access to public transport and also far away from the main city. These rural barangays are Brgy. Langgam, Brgy. Bagong Silang, Bgry. Estrella, and Brgy. Cuyab.

Search for Solution

Municipality must focus more on the urbanization of their rural barangays like giving more project development to those rural barangays and easing them to have a public transport.
Tricycle Vs. Jeepney Fare
JeepneyTricycleFare8pesos – 12 pesos30 – 50 pesosCapacity18-20 passengers4-5 passengersProfit per trip144 – 240 pesos30 – 50 pesosDifference94 – 190 pesos gapSavings for Passenger22 – 38 pesosVehicle Speed40 – 80 kph30 – 50 kphDifference10 – 30 kph gap
Decrease Number of Vehicles on the road to reduce congestion.

Change the City’s reputation from a dorm house city to a self-supporting city where San Pedronian do not need to go to manila to work and have better jobs inside San Pedro. A Vision of Mayor Calixto Cataquiz.

Analysis of Performance

By observation, we’ve noticed that among the roads we’ve went through, Traffics only occur on the National Highway of San Pedro because like EDSA this is the main road where it leads to any place of San Pedro and also near to SLEX.

Carbon Emission on San Pedro is high because majority of the vehicles both public and private are diesel engine powered.

San Pedro is already one step on achieving good municipality due to its cityhood and nearly urbanized all barangays.

Good number of trucks that come from manufacture and agricultural parts of San Pedro. But during night around 11pm – 3am Trucks are allowed to go through the National Highway giving high risk due to many Truck drivers drive fast.
Road repair projects are always implemented on San Pedro resulting for the San Pedro Road to be in a good condition.
Evaluation of Alternatives

Jeepney vs. Bus (Bus much more efficient to reduce congestion)
JeepneyBusCapacity18-20 passengers50-60 passengersEquivalent (Dimension)4 Jeep1 BusFeaturesNo-AirconAirconFare8 – 12 pesos10 – 13 pesos
For a first class municipality it is a good alternative for them to change their modes of transportation into an efficient one like implementing more environmental friendly vehicles.

Higher Fine for offenses on roads.

Always ask for customer perceptions / reactions of the current transportation system.

Reduce number of tricycles and increase number of jeepney routes/cycles in San Pedro Area.
Jeepney vs. Tricycle
JeepneyTricycleCapacity18-20 Passengers4-5 passengersEquivalent (Dimension)1 Jeep4 Tricycles (not including Special trips)Fare8-12 pesos10-15 pesos (single trip)
30-50 pesos (special)Giving more efficiency on capacity per vehicle must be prioritize to decrease also the congestion.

Choice of Project

If the municipality implements that every vehicle on San Pedro cannot exceed 10 years of life then a large number of old vehicles above 10 years old must be put down. By inspecting every registration of the vehicle by putting more officials observing this kind of situation can lessen the congestion.

Key point 1 Behaviour
Implementing higher fines motorists are more aware of the amount of fines if they commit an offense. This way the motorist will be more behave especially the over-speeding trucks that travel during 11pm – 3am on San Pedro National Highway.

Key point 6 Transfers
The municipality must also focus on transfers from one vehicle to another because the convenience of the transportation system of the city is in a big risk. So accessibility of every commuter on every barangays must be made efficient to reduce their waiting time before the vehicle move.

Key point 8 Capacity
Change Jeepneys that passes through National Highway into Buses, this way congestion can be lessen. But it is not applicable to place buses on narrow roads because these roads are not built to handle large vehicles like trucks and buses.

Key point 11 Infrastructure “Shape”
Road repair must always be maintained by the municipality in order to reduce any accidents due to road being in a unconditioned shape.

Key point 18 Peaking
The municipality must always check the condition of each of their people simply by asking for their opinions on the current system they currently experience.

Key point 24 Imbalance in Flow
Municipality must also observe on current conditions of every barangay if there is a need for development of roads if the current projects done are good or not.

Key point 25 Network Behaviour and Capacity
Municipality can give new directions for public vehicles to travel to reduce their travel time and prevent going into traffic congestion.

Key point 26 Stochasticity
The municipality must always be aware of random events including weather, motorist’s behaviour and economic behaviour in order to prevent the current event to escalate even more resulting to accidents and loss of profit of the city.