...1. Returning trays may be counterproductive Diagram 1 Many hawker centres have narrow passages spacing hundreds of seats out. It is already a hassle to weave in and out of the crowd safely with our food-filled tray to avoid spillages on our way to our table, which coincides with Diagram 1 whereby the cat (commonly believed to be afraid of water) has to navigate around the puddle of water in order to get to the other side. Returning trays ourselves may exacerbate this situation, leading to congestion. This becomes more evident when tray-return bays near popular stalls are full, and more movement is needed to search for empty shelves. NEA could launch a campaign to promote the habit of clearing food waste and bones from the table or tray into used plates or bowls after a meal for a start, to facilitate cleaners’ work when tray return is still unviable. 2. Inconsistency in tray-return behavior Diagram 2 For generations, service has been an invariable for patrons to food courts and hawker centres that trays and tables were to be cleaned by cleaners which can be reflected by the Egyptian-like inscriptions on the wall observed in Diagram 2, signifying the ingrained mentality that many Singaporeans carries. Similarly, graciousness or at least, the tray-returning behaviour has been inculcated in us at a young age. The irony is that we return trays in schools but we do not practise it once we are out of the compound, such irony is closely linked to the picture that...
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...will take 36 minutes, and each 20 minutes for another 2-dozen cookie order. (4*60-36)/20=10.2 and plus the first order, we can make 11 orders of 2-dozen cookie fill in a night. 3-dozen orders: The cycle time is 30 minutes. The first order of 3-dozen cookies will take 46 minutes, and each 30 minutes for another 3-dozen cookie order. (4*60-46)/30=6.47 and plus the first order, we can make 7 orders of 3-dozen cookie fill in a night. 4. What is the difference in labor (both you and your roommate’s time) per dozen among 1-dozen, 2-dozen, and 3-dozen orders? 1-dozen orders: Me: Wash and Mixing 6 minutes + fill the tray 2 minutes = 8 minutes +my roommate: Setting timer and putting in the oven 1 minute +Packing and collecting money 3 minutes = 4 minutes, and 12 minutes in total. 12mins/per dozen 2-dozen orders- Me: Wash and Mixing 6 minutes + fill the tray 4 minutes = 10 minutes +My roommate: Setting timer and putting in the oven 2 minutes (2 times) +Packing and collecting money 5 minutes(packing 2 times) = 7 minutes, and 17 minutes in total. 8.5mins/per dozen 3-dozen orders- Me: Wash and...
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...make a diagram of the overall process: [pic] Note that in this diagram, activities are arranged in columns to indicate which resources are being used. Inside each activity symbol are written the capacity (in dozens of cookies) and the cycle time (in minutes). 1. How long will it take for you to fill a rush order? Assuming this order is for one dozen cookies, we will need to do the following: |Activity |Resource |Cycle Time |Start Time |Finish Time | |Order Entry |E-mail |0 minutes |00:00 |00:00 | |Wash Bowl, Mix |Self |6 minutes |00:00 |06:00 | |Fill Tray |Self |2 minutes |06:00 |08:00 | |Prepare Oven |Roommate |1 minute |08:00 |09:00 | |Bake |Oven |9 minutes |09:00 |18:00 | |Remove |Roommate |0 minutes |18:00 |18:00 | |Cool |None |5 minutes |18:00 |23:00 | |Pack, Collect Money |Roommate |3 minutes |23:00 |26:00 | Therefore, the minimum time to fill an order is 26 minutes. We can illustrate...
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...INSTRUCTIONS Use the following proforma to prioritise each in-tray item using low, medium or high, and provide a rationale and discussion to support your decision, including key issues and recommended actions. Finally provide a written conclusion which 1. Explains what you see as the main issue(s) facing the organisation? You may use any of the problem solving techniques covered in lectures to help diagnose, analyse and/or illustrate these. 2. Briefly discuss what action, if any, needs to be taken by management. 3. Outline what additional information, data, statistics etc, which are not provided, are necessary to help with decision making, and explain your reasoning? You must submit the completed proforma to the iZone by 30th November 2015. 1 | Organisational Chart This is one of the fundamental document in any company, as it lays out the workflow of the company.As the new CEO, the organisational chart will serve as a reference which will allow me to check who to delegate tasks to as well as report to for anything. Being a recent employee, I have an unbiased judgement on the employees of the organisation. The key issue I have spotted in to regards to the organisational chart is that there is a vacancy for operations manager. The consequences of keeping this position vacant is that it will slow down production. Due to the evidence of vacant position the hierarchy following the resignation of John Sparrow (Item 15) it is a high priority to find someone...
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...Three factors needing to be considered for performing a cable installation are nature of material, voltage level and current carrying capacity. Also fire protection. The support system for cabling and equipment is a vital component of a properly designed data-communications system. The acceptance and use of the eia/tia-569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces by architects and engineers has proven the importance of a carefully designed and maintained cable-support system. There are six major types of cable supports: cable runway, center-rail systems, cable tray, wire basket, bridle rings or cable hooks, and wireway. Each is designed for specific purposes. One of the most important yet overlooked aspects of a network designer`s job is the specification of a cable-support system. Specifying the requirements of the design can be a difficult process. It may be helpful to consider six key areas when specifying a cable-support system: •load capacity •grounding requirements •materials •amount of mechanical protection required •finishes •plenum requirements Load capacity The maximum cable load allowed on the system is called the load capacity. Span (the distance between supports) and load (the maximum cable weight) dictate the load capacity of a cable-support system. Different standards may use different terms when referring to load capacity but it all boils down to span and cable weight. Although load capacity can be measured in various ways,...
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...Assignment 11 The primary benefit of conduit systems is the ability to ground and bond. Grounding and bonding play a significant role in minimizing electromagnetic interference (EMI). Steel conduit reduces electromagnetic fields by up to 95%, effectively shielding computers and sensitive electronic equipment from the electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by power distribution systems. Cable tray advantages include wiring system design flexibility, simplicity, and lower installation cost. In plants where equipment is added, taken away, or is moved, cable trays provide a flexible advantage. Cable trays can typically adapt to complex configurations with a simple set of tools. The cost of material procurement for cable tray systems is not necessarily lower than that of conduit systems in all cases. However, compared to labor cost of conduit installation, cable trays present significant savings. Direct buried cable is placed underground without conduit. Here the cable must be designed to withstand the rigors of being buried in dirt, so it is generally a more rugged cable, armored to prevent harm from rodent chewing or the pressures of dirt and rocks in which it is buried. Direct burial is generally limited to areas where the ground is mostly soil with few rocks down to the depth required so trenching or plowing in cable is easily accomplished. Aerial cables are for outside installation on poles where consideration must be given to continual tension from the cable weight as...
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...The main reason for conduit is because of the high protection it offers. Cable tray installation is cheaper and more flexible than using conduit. It is easier to access the cables in a tray than when installed using conduit. The conduit can be buried concrete or on top of it. Installing conduit is harder than installing with trays. Conduit would be used when the cables are going to be set in place for sure and require protection. Tray installation would be for when cables would need to be changed more frequently and does not require being underground. There are three types of installations for cables and they are direct, aerial and blown fiber installations. Direct burial is cable which is buried directly underground. It does not need any special covering or pipe to be buried. This type of cable is less expensive and easier to burry but the downfall is it can be easily cut during a dig. They can also be rodent protection in direct burial if required. Audio and data information can be transmitted through this type of cable. Main reason of direct-buried cable is such that there is no need to provide any type of exterior protection. The leading advantage of direct-buried cable is that this result can be set up with relatively little effort, since there is no need to prepare the ground where the cable is laid by putting in piping or making other adjustments. Next cable installation is aerial installation. This is a type of installation is when the cables are installed using utility...
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...A conduit installation uses dedicated conduits for the cable runs, which may be installed by feeding pulling lines through the conduit with a fish tape, attaching the cable’s strength member to a pulling eye, and then pulling the cable through the conduit. Conduit may be run inside structures or underground, and in many cases conduits may already be in place for the other applications, such as power or telephone lines. When you are installing cable in conduits within a structure, be sure that you have allowed enough room for the cable or cables you are installing. Tray and duct installation is used inside structures and is similar to installation methods used for electrical wiring. Because many optical fiber cables are nonconductive, some of the requirements and restrictions for copper do not apply to fiber. When the optical fiber rests in trays or horizontal ductwork the weight of the cable is usually not a factor as long as the runs remain on the same vertical level. If optical fiber cabling is run vertically the cable will have to support itself or be secured using either cable clamps or hangers. The most common place that you would see the conduit installation is usually when you are building a new cell tower. I say this because in most times they put all of their cables underground. With the cables being underground they would need to be protected from the elements and with the conduit installation they would have that protection that they would need to keep going....
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...install can cause data-transmission problems and can lower the networks effective throughput. Rushing a cabling installation for the sake of a deadline will most of the time result in having to re-do it because of excessive twisting and untwisting of cables. Aside from workmanship, proper cabling, and quality goods there are three factors to take into consideration when performing a cabling installation. Those three areas for consideration are: Physical protection, Electrical protection, and Fire protection. These three categories of importance all fall under Cabling Management. Physical protection is important because some cables can be very fragile. When performing a cabling installation cables need to be protected. Conduits, Cable trays, Standoffs, and D-rings are a...
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...Constructing a new Structure- Building Codes The information in this document should be useful in making design-related decisions that will not only satisfy the move to our new building Information Technology (IT) requirements but also meet the needs of the building and its future occupants with respect to voice, video and data communications. The intention of this document is to provide a comprehensive understanding and reference guide that can be referred to when moving to our new building. Moving into our new building we need to follow certain cable codes and specification. A properly designed network is based around components or wiring units. The components should also follow certain performance specifications so that when installing we will know exactly what types of applications will be supported. The cable specifications and building codes requirements that we use will be based on * ANSI/EIA/TIA standards 568-C-- Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard * ANSI/EIA/TIA 569-- Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces; ANSI/EIA/TIA 606- Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings * ANSI/EIA/TIA 607-Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications; BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) and NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC). Cabling has changed over time. Cabling installations have evolved from proprietary systems...
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...Constructing a new Structure- Building Codes The information in this document should be useful in making design-related decisions that will not only satisfy the move to our new building Information Technology (IT) requirements but also meet the needs of the building and its future occupants with respect to voice, video and data communications. The intention of this document is to provide a comprehensive understanding and reference guide that can be referred to when moving to our new building. Moving into our new building we need to follow certain cable codes and specification. A properly designed network is based around components or wiring units. The components should also follow certain performance specifications so that when installing we will know exactly what types of applications will be supported. The cable specifications and building codes requirements that we use will be based on * ANSI/EIA/TIA standards 568-C-- Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard * ANSI/EIA/TIA 569-- Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces; ANSI/EIA/TIA 606- Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings * ANSI/EIA/TIA 607-Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications; BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) and NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC). Cabling has changed over time. Cabling installations have evolved from proprietary systems...
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...Copper vs. fiber Everyone building a network must face this question at some point: fiber or copper wiring? For a usual home network or even a big office either one will suffice but what is the best option for you or your company. You have to take cost, distance of cabling, and bandwidth and speed into consideration when making this choice. Copper: a traditional copper wiring for a network certainly seems much cheaper on the surface. Copper wiring itself is dirt cheap at least comparatively on the surface, but you get what you pay for. Copper cables don’t last as long and have other performance issues to consider, including crosstalk and interference. Also the cost will go up because of the distance your cables must travel. With a copper network you will need more equipment, like a hub. A hub is a networking device used to help channel the cables and also to help extend the distance. A traditional copper cable should be no longer than 90 ft… not long enough to even go through my apartment let alone a huge office. So you have to install hubs just to get the distance. Also when you think of those cheap cables you have to think… how long will this last. They aren’t very durable and will wear out much sooner than a fiber cable. And then you’ll have to redo your entire network or tear the entire thing apart to find the problem. A copper network also will have bandwidth issues, which fiber eliminates. Also copper has many different types and sizes, meaning there is no real true...
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...Cabling Factors and Tools Discussion When performing cable installations there are three factors that need to be considered, fire protection, water intrusion or flood protection, or changes in the structural foundation in your home. The two most important considerations to take into account when either pre-wiring a house or wiring after the house is complete, are the routing of the cable and the quality of the wire used. These two points are often overlooked and the decision to wire the house at all often comes as an afterthought, when most if not all of the interior of the structure has been completed. Pre-wiring your house, or installing the wire in the stage of construction just before the drywall goes on, is always the preferred method and offers the most flexibility in placement of outlets and the routing of your cable .When deciding on the location of your outlets, try to visualize where you'll eventually be placing the furniture in the room in relation to the location of your television. Internet services are also being provided now by a lot of cable companies so placing an outlet in a spot near your planned computer station is also a good idea .In general it's a good idea to put at least one outlet in every room whether or not you plan to use it immediately. At least it will be there when it is needed, avoiding the drilling of any unsightly holes in the future. Outlet boxes can be purchased at any hardware store and should be fastened to the wall stud in the location...
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...Breaking Tradition Will fiber ever make it to the desktop? This article is basically is about the differences between copper network infrastructure cabling and fiber-optic cable. Although it is overall cheaper to install and obtain fiber-optic cable companies are still electing to us copper networking. The reason that copper is still on top is because the companies that manufacture it are making sure that copper wire is still being made specifically for certain infrastructures. Copper wiring also seems to be a lot easier to work with for the time being due to lack of engineering economical of the 24 or 48 port fibers switches. I think that quality of the information was short, sweet and to the point. This article was not overloaded with information. If also was not difficult for anyone person to understand the point of it. I do not know much about the in and outs of computers. Even less about the behind screens of putting the network and the hardware together. I think the way the article was presented was done very well. Personally, I think that it take time for people get on broad with new technology. In my opinion, this article seems to be well informative. Also in reading the material it was very descriptive in regards to the contrast between copper cabling and fiber-optic cable. It went into detail regarding both the pros and cons between for the use of fiber-optic cable. However at the end of the article the writer proceeds to states that he feels that...
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...My RFP for this building is I will be wiring this entire building with Cat5e cable because it’s cheaper and better to use in a building like this. I will try and get the job done as quickly as possible; it probably will take me about 3 or 4 day to wire this building. I will provide all the labor, material, tools and equipment need for this job. Me and my team will do a great job on wiring your building and have it up in running in no time. I plan to have your Telco room in the back of the building in the left corner with all the theory rooms and labs surrounding it. I will have racks and switches setup in the Telco room for the other rooms , but for labs 4 and lab 1 I will have a switches in those rooms because those tow labs have the most computers in them and that’s a lot of cable to run from every computer in those rooms back to the Telco room . So I will just put the switches in the labs mount them on the wall or a have racks setup so the stiches and cables can be place and cable be neatly organized, and have to main cables running from those rooms back to the Telco room. Then with the other two labs , LRC I will do the same thing as I did with the other labs so it want be so much cable and they have their own switch in them , with the 5 theory rooms and front desk I will have 3 cables in each room going back to the Telco room . All the cables in all rooms will be organized and in the Telco room will have the cables on racks so they are neat and if a cable...
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