...A Study of the Garasia Tribe and Strategies to Evangelize Them 1.) Overview of the Tribal Groups in Rajasthan Rajasthan is a state steeped in culture and history. Rajasthan, or the realm of the Kings, as it is known, is perhaps one of the princely states of all in India. Its history is abundant with stories and legends about its kings and rulers. In its golden age, the region was ruled by the Rajputs, and in their honor the state was known as Rajputana in its erstwhile years. These were the royal people, the Kshatriyas, the warriors and they were known to be fierce fighters, extremely proud of their heritage and position. But the state itself comprised of many other people groups, most of them tribal in nature. The state even now comprises of five major tribal people groups with many other either being the branches of these major groups or minor ones. These five tribal groups are Mina, Bhil, Garasia, Saharia and Damor. Of these tribal groups, the Minas are the largest of the lot with almost a share of close to 50 percent of the total population; Bhils come close with a population of 45 percent and then come the Garasias with a population comprising 3-4 percent of the total population of tribal people. The population of the Garasias in Rajasthan has been dwindling in the recent past because of their migration to North Gujarat. 2.) The Garasias Numerically speaking, the Garasias constitute the third largest group of the state of Rajsthan. Though they are also...
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...(Richland 2010 p33) and it is important that we understand their term definitions. II. What is Law? | A rule or set of rules, enforceable by the courts, regulating the government of a state, the relationship between the organs of government and the subjects of the state, and the relationship or conduct of subjects towards each other. The term “LAW” for Anglo-American society “means the way in which societies express who they are and the ways of life they value as a people” (Justin B. Richland, 2010). Law for one tribal nation is often different than what law looks like in another (Richland p8). The Indian Civil Rights Act 1968 provided a Bill of Rights to Indians in their relations with the tribal governments. It authorizes a model code for tribal courts for Indian offenses and requires Indian consent, by states of jurisdiction over Indian territory. | | | III. What is a tribal legal system? Please provide examples. The tribal legal system is made up of the norms, structures, and practices of the tribe. Norms are the values and beliefs held by the community about the proper and improper ways to act toward other people, places, and things (Richland 2010 p4). There are two kinds of norms, substantive and procedural. The substantive norms are the ways we decide how to handle a dispute or wrongdoing (i.e. Do not steal, Do not murder). The procedural norms are the rules we follow when handling a dispute (a lawyer may not talk to the jury). Structures...
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...Tones Tranquility- The first stanza makes us envision a beautiful sunset and gives us a sense of serene beauty, the sun calmly fading away leaving the night in peace. Reminiscence- The second stanza makes us feel that the Indian chief is longing for his tribe and his way of life and is looking back on memories, remembering the days when his teepee was not the only one standing there. Pride- We get a feeling of pride in the third stanza because the Indian chief stands strong, out side his teepee looking into the empty land which used to be occupied by his people. Despair- The tones changed to a more saddening mood because the chief is only able to look back at the vibrancy of his memories. Pain- This stanza makes us feel pain because the Indian chief is all alone, nothing is left but emptiness and skeleton bones. He is surrounded by a complete silence. Sunset- The sunset symbolizes the end of the day or the end of the tribe. It implies that they left peacefully and as smooth as the sunset. Skeleton- The skeletons show how the land naked and bare the land has become and how the tribe’s ways have died off. Shadow-like- The shadow is the chief’s memories, always right with him but never close enough to touch. His memories like a shadow that just pops out on nowhere. Empty west- The west is empty land; everything is gone, lonely and dark. Bleach- It could mean that the reason for the tribe disappearing is from bleach skinned...
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...What Is a Tribe? A tribe is any group of about 20 to 150 people who know one another enough that, if they saw another walking down the street, would stop and say “hello.” Tribal culture exists in stages, going from undermining to egocentric to history making. Every tribe has a dominant culture, which we can peg on a one-to-five scale, with Stage Five being most desirable. Tribes emerge from the language people use to describe themselves, their jobs, and others. For most people, language is something they just live with and don’t think about. We can predict the performance of the tribe by counting the number of people who speak the language of each stage, and noticing who is in positions of leadership. What Is Tribal Leadership? Tribal Leadership focuses on language and behavior within a culture. “Using words to get the best out of people, to change everything.” Each cultural stage has its own way of speaking, types of behavior, and structures of relationships. Tribal Leaders do two things: (1) listen for which cultures exist in their tribes and (2) upgrade those tribes using specific leverage points. Description of Tribal Stages Signs of Stage One. (2% of all work cultures) Many people are socially alienated, never talking to anyone. When they cluster together, they form isolated gangs that operate by their own rules, often based on absolute loyalty to the group. The theme of their words is that life has given them a bad deal, so it’s ok to do whatever it...
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...Service Learning is the cornerstone class that links academic studies at the College of Muscogee Nation (CMN) with the student and the communities. Each will strengthen the other as we learn to use cultural and historical facts and traditions to face social problems, meet human needs, promote civic responsibility and provide a basis for future citizen support. My service project is using volunteerism to improve the quality of life for the children in the Okmulgee area by applying the Muscogee traditions and culture taught to us through the curriculum of College of Muscogee Nation and our ancestors. The first goal of this service learning project is to improve the quality of life for the children of the low-income Okmulgee community residents. A historical assessment of the Okmulgee area provides a picture of drastic change and a people trying to make genuine progress in face of pressure beyond their control. This area, like the United States, has experienced drastic changes in the last fifty years including loss of manufacturing plants such as the Peanut Plant, Phillips 66 Refinery, Americana Window Glass, Ingersoll-Rand, and Ball Brothers Glass. The 2013 U.S. Census Bureau lists the population of Okmulgee as 12, 373 with 25.5% below poverty level. The per capita income for the 12 months (in 2013 dollars) is 16, 981 compared to the national per capita of $24,208. According to Oklahoma Unemployment records the unemployment rate in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma was 4.1% in April...
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...in Indian Archaeology.Raipur,C.G. p.227 to 244 CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE TRIBAL ART IN CENTRAL INDIA: A CASE OF THE BODY DECORATION OF THE BAIGA TRIBE Dr. Basanta Kumar Mohanta1 Dr. Mohan Lal Chadhar2 Abstract The tribal arts, crafts and architectures are one of the most fascinating parts of their culture. The knowledge of this art is a hereditary one which transmits from generation to generation through oral tradition. The art of tattooing or body decoration is widely found among the tribal of India in general and the tribals of Central India in particular, which is treated as an integral part of their life and culture. Baiga is one of the Particularly Venerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Central India, known for their traditional method of treatment and shifting cultivation. They live in a particular forested area of Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh, identified as “Baigachawk” and its neighbouring area. Both the male and female Baigas are very fond of body decoration. Besides, the female members like to decorate their body with different kinds of tattoos, known as Godna. Each of these tattoos has a specific cultural significance and tattooed at a particular age and a specific location of the body. It is related to their religion, belief system, health care practice, body decoration, social status, wealth etc. In this present paper an emphasis has been given on the importance of tattoo in the tribal life; symbols used in tattoo and their significance; method of tattooing...
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...An Investigation of How Culture Shapes Curriculum in Early Care and Education Programs on a Native American Indian Reservation ‘‘The drum is considered the heartbeat of the community’’ Jennifer L. Gilliard1,3 and Rita A. Moore2 This article investigates how culture shapes instruction in three early care and education programs on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Interviews with eight early childhood teachers as well as classroom observations were conducted. The investigation is framed by the following research question: How does the culture of the family and community shape curriculum? Data analysis suggested that ongoing communication with parents and community about teaching within a culturally relevant context, building a sense of belongingness and community through ritual, and respecting children, families, and community were essential to defining the Native American Indian culture within these early learning programs. KEY WORDS: culture; in; tribal; early; education; programs. INTRODUCTION Instruction informed by children’s home and community culture is critical to supporting a sense of belongingness that ultimately impacts academic achievement (Banks, 2002; Osterman, 2000). American school populations are increasingly diversified with immigrants and English language learners; but American teachers are over 90% European American (Nieto, 2000). Educators who are from different cultural perspectives than those present in the families and communities of the children they...
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...Dead Men’s Path by Chinua Achebe Themes 1) clash of cultures / acculturation M. Obi is trapped between two worlds – the British and the African one- neither of which he understands or which really accept him. He is alienated from his tribal roots but not truly British either. 2) failure Obi fails as headmaster and agent of modernization. 3) mimicry He adopts and reproduces the colonizers’ cultural habits and values and becomes himself an agent of European modernization. In short M. Obi tries to be “more British” than the British (which the supervisor criticizes as a “misguided zeal” and) which results in a tribal war situation and Obi’s failure as headmaster. Summary Michael Obi is appointed to headmaster of Ndume Central School, an “unprogressive” school which he wants to modernize according to British standards. He and his wife want to turn the school compound into “a place of beauty” so they grow flowerbeds as is typical of English school compounds. One day an old woman from the village tramples straight through the hedges and flowerbeds they grow. Michael Obi finds out that a path crossing the compound connects the village shrine with the place of burial. However he dismisses this as primitive superstition and closes the path. When the village priest asks for the path to be re-opened, Obi doesn’t cooperate. Two days later a young woman dies in childbed and the next day one of the school buildings is pulled down and the hedges and flowerbeds...
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...Dorothea Pierce World Culture Examining Alternatives to Globalization Those that oppose globalization criticize the methods that are being used in consumerism, immigration, and nutrition. They are concerned with how the present methods are affecting global warming, hunger worldwide and the immigration issues being faced across the world. One of the main reasons for this is the worldwide hunger issue we are now facing. Hunger is not just in third world countries anymore, it is now faced in every nation including ours. Crops cannot be grown or produced in a large enough quantity to feed everyone, not to mention those that are actually have to labor at the farms to grow our food and tend the livestock. If each country were able to maintain their own economy there would be no reason to rely on other countries for their goods. If this were the case, the only reason to travel to other countries would be to take a vacation, study their culture or maybe to trek around the world. Whatever your reason, it would not be out of need but because you wanted to. All of the top stores employ 'buyers' that travel around the globe in order to bring us the best the world has to offer. But do we really need this? The answer to this question is no, but that does not stop the average consumer. There are those that want the best that there money can buy and if that means that it is an apothecary from China, well they are gonna find it even it they have to order it online and have...
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...Charles Martin in Uganda: What to Do When a Manager Goes Native Question 1: Describe Ugandan cultural attributes that might affect the operations of a foreign company doing business there. Uganda is country, which has a multi ethnic, multi religious and multi language background. From the perspective of a foreign company willing to operate in Uganda the language is a serious if not the main problem because of the different types of languages. Even though English is the official language on that country there a great portion of the population that still speaks indigenous languages such as Bantu and Nilotic. This fact alone, results in a risk to the operations of the company by not being able to communicate with the locals, which result in a serious language barrier problem. So, having employees able to communicate with different people in a diverse set of languages is very important from a business perspective. Another concern is the multi religious background of the country with people practicing many different religions. The company may have to hire employees to work from any religion and also make sure that those belonging to all religious groups are also respected in order to avoid discrimination in the workplace. Also, business in third world countries tends to move slowly, so for example: phone lines may take months to be installed. Additionally the incomes are extremely low and with high payment system. Uganda is considered one of the most corrupted countries in...
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...Body Art and Ornamentation across Cultures Sheryl Strickland ANT 101 Dr. Cynthia Livingston 08/05/2013 Body Art and Ornamentation across Cultures The skin has been a canvas for human expression for centuries. As a result, body art and ornamentation have been a source of interest among anthropologists beginning as early as the 1900’s, and gaining a strong foothold during the 1970’s. “Inscribed skin highlights an issue that has been central to anthropology since its inception: the question of boundaries between the individual and society, between societies, and between representations and experiences” (Schildkrout, 2004). Through anthropological research, we have learned that many cultures worldwide use forms of body art and ornamentation such as scarification, tattooing (permanent and nonpermanent), and piercings for a variety of reasons, ranging from ceremonial religious rituals to tribal identification purposes. The process of body art and ornamentation signifies a figurative death and rebirth that typically involves a painful experience as a means to encourage an individual’s self-discovery, as well as establishing his/her place in society. For the purpose of this paper, I will explore the various aspects of body art and ornamentation across three specific cultures- the Yoruba’s of West Africa, the Samoan’s of the Pacific Islands, and the Hindu’s of India. Throughout the history of African culture, anthropologists have noted a wide variety of body markings among African...
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...European American culture, unintentionally a new culture of duality prevailed. In the start of the novel, both Nanapush and Pauline’s narrations are set on one way of life, either the Native American storytelling, deerskin cloths, and open wigwams, or the European American way of modernization, westernization, and civilization. Yet, by conclusion they both discern the partial assimilation and that a balance of both cultures is the only way the tribe will remain. This solution- or rather subconscious necessity- of cultural duality is exhibited in Nanapush, Pauline, and Fleur. Their journeys in this time of disjointed identity and threat to what is known highlights...
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...In the large and diverse African cultures, there is many different ways they choose to express themselves creatively. Some of those ways include masks and extravagant costumes that are used for rituals or other ceremonies. Another major way they express themselves is through textiles. Sometimes the importance of textiles are overshadowed by the masks and sculptures used in the various African societies, but the textiles are just as important or even maybe more important to these cultures. Furthermore, the use and creation of these textiles are important as well. Different tribes use different colors and cloths to create their textiles. For example the Yoruba tribe of south west Nigeria uses Adire and Indigo colored clothes while the...
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...Bronislaw Malinowski AKA Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski Born: 7-Apr-1884 Birthplace: Krakow, Poland Died: 16-May-1942 Location of death: New Haven, CT Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Anthropologist Nationality: Poland Executive summary: Founder of social anthropology British anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski is remembered as the father of the functionalist school of anthropology as well as for his role in developing the methods and the primacy of anthropological fieldwork. Malinowski first rose to prominent notice through his studies of Pacific Islanders, especially those conducted among the Trobriand Islanders whose marriage, trade, and religious customs he studied extensively. His best known works include his classic book Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922) as well as Crime and Custom in Savage Society (1926), The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (1929), and the posthumously published Magic, Science, and Religion and Other Essays (1948). Malinowski helped develop the field of anthropology from a primarily evolutionary focus into sociological and psychological fields of enquiry. Some of the more noteworthy byproducts of his fieldwork in this direction was various evidence that debunked the Freudian notion of a universal Oedipal Complex and also showed that so-called primitive peoples are capable of the same types and levels of cognitive reasoning as those from more "advanced"...
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...Julie Campion TESC ANT-101-OL009 Student ID 0196565 Written Assignment 1 Annette Weiner set off to do field work in the Trobriand Islands some 60 years after the highly regarded anthropologist Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski. Weiner had set expectations of what her field work might cover; she encountered contradictions to her expectations and was able to neutralize them. Additionally, her field work is a classic representation of the five characteristics of culture, as well as a representation of how anthropology has grown since its early inception. (Haviland) While preparing for her trip she expected that she would find the Trobriand society to be how Malinowski described it and struggled with her tasks of learning a new language, careful observation and harboring her own cultural assumptions so that it would not cloud her clear assessment of the Trobriand peoples. (Haviland) Her initial expectations were shaped by the extensive studying she did of Malinowski’s works on the society. She expected to find the same or similar findings as Malinowski and therefore had not intended to set out to disprove any of his earlier writings. She intended on focusing on the male aspect of the clan and had little comprehension of how much women played a role in the Trobriand society. Her expectations guided her towards learning about how men were the focus of the tribe leaving women as having matrilineal lineage importance only. Shortly after arriving however, Weiner became aware...
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