...direct communication with oil column below) or non-associated gas (gas reservoir by itself). The unconventional gas is non-associated gas and it comes from hydrocarbon bearing formations that are classified as Tight Gas, Coal Bed Methane (CBM), Shale Gas and Gas Hydrates. Gas has been produced from tight gas and CBM for more than three decades. Production from shale gas started about a decade ago. In 2011, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) commissioned an external consultant to assess the global potential of shale gas resources. The report assessed 48 shale gas basins in 32 countries, containing almost 70 shale gas formations. According to this report the global technically recoverable shale resources are estimated at 6,622 trillion cubic feet.1 The report claims that the assessed technically recoverable shale gas...
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...estimated to be $3.85 trillion in 2008. The service revenue of the global telecommunications industry was estimated to be $1.7 trillion in 2008, and is expected to touch $2.7 trillion by 2013. Among those an important player in this global industry is Verizon Wireless being the second largest provider of mobile phones service in United States. Headquartered in Basking Ridge, N.J., Verizon Wireless is a joint venture of Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) and Vodafone (NYSE and LSE: VOD). Verizon Wireless must to maintain its competitive advantage in this dynamic global environment and if possible to increase its market share against active competitors. Therefore it is a must to focus on new projects and technology which gives a sense of success. In this memo we would like to recommend that a new project be considered for inclusion into Network Development portfolio to address the increasing market demand for new technology and quality of products and services provided by Verizon Wireless. We do realize it may require that another project be delayed to allow for this new product to take advantage of the market opportunity by the end of 2011. Portfolio Management Process (including selection criteria) Verizon Wireless is committed in bringing the blazingly fast speed of 4G LTE to major cities across the country. In this commitment, Verizon’s PMO recognizes the need for Portfolio Management Process to analyze projects that are being worked on and also in the pipeline to align them...
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...Report Turkmenistan-AfghanistanPakistan-India Gas Pipeline: South Asia’s Key Project The biggest pipeline issue in South Asia currently is the proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline or TAPI, as it is known. This report gives a breakdown of the history of the project as well as the pertinent issues. T he Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAP or TAPI) is a proposed natural gas pipeline being developed by the Asian Development Bank. The pipeline will transport Caspian Sea natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan into Pakistan and then to India. The abbreviation comes from the first letters of those countries. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the Silk Road. The Afghan government is expected to receive 8% of the project’s revenue. The original project started in March 1995 when an inaugural memorandum of understanding between the governments of Turkmenistan and Pakistan for a pipeline project was signed. In August 1996, the Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas) consortium for construction of a pipeline, led by U.S. oil company Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan by several international oil companies along with the Government of Turkmenistan. In January 1998, the Taliban, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor Bridas Corporation, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian Gazprom relinquished...
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...and from the site. The water brought in is mixed with sand and chemicals to create fracking fluid. Approximately 40,000 gallons of chemicals are used per fracturing. In order to frack it needs up to 600 chemicals including carcinogens and toxins such as lead, uranium, mercury, ethylene glycol, radium, hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde. The fracking fluid is then pressure injected into the ground through a drilled pipeline, which goes about contaminating the wells, and threatens potential earthquake. The mixture reaches the end of the well where the high pressure causes the nearby shale rock to crack, creating fissures where natural gas flows into the well. During this process, methane gas and toxic chemicals leach out from the system and contaminate nearby groundwater. Methane concentrations are 17 times higher in drinking water wells near fracturing sites than in normal wells. Contaminated well water is used for drinking water for nearby cities and towns. There have been over 1000 documented cases of water contamination next to areas of gas drilling as well as cases of sensory, respiratory and neurological damage due to ingested contaminated water. The striking part is that only 30 to 50% of the fracturing fluid is recovered, the rest of the toxic fluid is left in the ground and is not biodegradable. In addition the waste fluid is left in open air pits to evaporate, releasing harmful compounds into the atmosphere, creating...
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...Canada economic system is also referred to mixed economy because it involves both private and public ownership of resources, and good and services are produced and provided by both the government and privately owned companies. Canada’s system is often referred to a capitalist system because we allow and also encourage the private ownership of capital, that is, the plants, factories, equipment, and so forth that are used to produce and provide goods and services. India has a Mixed Market economy meaning it uses a variety of government regulation to control the economy, but relies primarily on market that forces to set prices and demand and uses general principles of capitalism. India is having a mixed economic structure. It is neither fully capitalist nor fully socialistic. It is neither completely an open system nor a fully free market system. The key variables in the choice of this economic design are: people's welfare, equitable distribution of wealth and income, a logical link between employment and incomes, restraining monopolies and concentration of power and wealth, and supporting health and education sectors through government subsidies and political strength. India has a mixed economy. Half of India's workers rely on agriculture, the signature of a traditional economy. One third of its workers are employed by the services industry, which contributes two-thirds of India's output. The productivity of this segment is made possible by India's increasing move...
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...Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation Freight Transportation and Logistics CE 453 / 553 Winter 2007 Dr. Chris Lecture 1 Winter 2007, Monsere 1 Introduction Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • Why is freight important? • How do civil engineers / transportation professionals affect freight mobility? • What is unique about freight when compared to passenger transportation? Winter 2007, Lecture 1 2 Introduction Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • U.S. freight transportation network (2002) – Over 15 billion tons of goods – Value over $10 trillion • Bulk goods comprise large share of tonnage – Grains, coal, ores • Lighter and more valuable goods make up increasing proportion – Computers, office, technology Winter 2007, Lecture 1 3 Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation Winter 2007, Lecture 1 4 Macroeconomic view Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • Significant share of economy • Nation’s freight bill in 2001 – $579 billion spent • Source: BTS NTS 2003 • 6.2% of GDP – GDP - The market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality; GDP replaced gross national product (GNP) as the primary measure of U.S. production in 1991 Winter 2007, Lecture 1 5 Microeconomic view Civil & Environmental Engineering – Freight Transportation • Personal...
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...GRADING SHEET TEMPLATE GROUP PRESENTATIONS INTL 1101 Prof. Brodsky Small elements: * Is the presentation 20-25 minutes (roughly)? * Do we notice full group involvement - do all members present? Do all members appear engaged? * Clear presentation style – powerpoint, pictures, etc. [Power point not required] * Are we clear on the direction of the presentation throughout? * Is this 1 presentation? Or 4 mini-presentations strung together? Large elements: * Does the group hone in on a policy-relevant issue related to the lecture subject? (i.e. is the presentation too broad?) * Is this issue well researched? * Does the group evaluate the issue? Does the group make an argument? * Does the group offer a counter argument for context? * Does the group offer policy relevant recommendations or critiques? * Does the group link their presentation to the readings for this lecture? * And/or to the course themes in general? * Does the group raise discussion questions for the class that spark debate? What is the problem? The Ukraine crisis appears to be a potential turning point in Euro-Atlantic security. Having come as a surprise to many, some senior Western officials and politicians have talked of a changed European security landscape, and that the crisis both creates new security realities for the twenty first century and demands a significant response from NATO. At the same time, however, the crisis is the...
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...Agreed. They are a tool designed (in the case of handguns) to kill people. AR-15s in their infinite variety are also designed to kill people. They are not deer hunting rifles (they can be used for that, but it has never, ever been their intent). Arguing that *nothing* should be done to control their prevalence and use because someone, somewhere will still use a gun to kill someone is infantile. It is not a switch one turns off and killings drop to zero, just as having OWI laws does not completely eliminate drunk driving. Would you advocate for no OWI laws because they don't stop ALL...
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...Student Research This report is published for educational purposes only by students competing in the CFA Institute Global Investment Research Challenge. Oil and Gas industry PetroVietnam Gas Recommendation: HOLD Price Target: 79,512 VND 2015F 83,482,699 24,051,366 15,143,449 7,991 30.12% 2016F 97,674,758 28,140,098 17,753,969 9,369 28.48% 2017F 2018F Date: 22 December, 2014 Ticker: GAS Price (Dec 19, 2014): 68,000 VND Forecast Summary Net Sales (million VND) EBITDA (million VND) Net Income (million VND) EPS (VND) ROE (%) 2011 64,224,500 11,858,894 64,224,500 2,285 28% 2012 68,301,359 15,940,112 68,301,359 5,167 40% 2013 65,399,686 18,434,982 65,399,686 6,478 42% 2014F 72,593,651 20,914,231 13,140,492 6,934 32.20% 117,209,709 142,995,845 33,768,117 21,347,273 11,265 27.37% 41,197,103 26,090,435 13,768 26.51% Key Market Data Listed on HOSE Ticker GAS Industry Oil and Gas 52 Week high 122,300 (VND) 52 Week low 61,300 (VND) Previous close 68,000 (VND) Market Cap. 128,860,000 (million VND) Outstanding 1,895,000,000 shares (units) Source: Student estimates Highlights We estimate PV Gas (GAS) as “HOLD” with target price of VND 79,512, expected higher than its current price 16.9%, VND 68,000. Three-stage discounted cash flows model is employed and the result is confirmed again with P/E analysis. Operation under control of government as a monopoly in gas industry: PV Gas is the only trader in dry gas market and accounted for 70% national LPG market...
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...1. Introduction Russia holds the world’s largest reserves of natural gas, the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest crude oil reserves. Russia recent years has become the world’s top gas exporter, mainly to Europe. At the time of fast growing electricity demand, when consumption significantly rise with development of new technologies, gas as a source of electricity become more and more important issue. Topic will discuss natural gas industry in Russia and Russian Company Gazprom. Gazprom is a peculiar corporate giant in gas industry. It is most internationally oriented company in Russia. 2. The role of geography Sitting astride the Eurasian landmass and occupying a territory of 17,098.2 thousand square kilometers, and spanning 11 time zones from Kaliningrad in the west to Kamchatka in the east, Russia is the largest state in the world in terms of territorial extent. Its northern shores wash against the Artic Ocean, while the southern resort region of Krasnodar enjoys a Mediterranean climate. Today Russia’s population is 142.2 million, and the average population density is 8.3 persons per square kilometers (1). However, this hides considerable regional variation: the average population density in the Central Federal District, which includes Moscow, is 57.7 persons per square kilometer, while in the Far Eastern Federal District it is only 1.1 persons. The Central Federal District occupies 3.8 per cent of Russia’s territory and was home to 26.2 per...
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...per cent for pipelines and 5 per cent for roads. Railways and roads are inefficient modes of carrying petroleum products because they consume significantly more energy (320 BTU for railways and 1700 BTU for roads to move one tonne of petroleum products over one km) than pipelines for which the comparable figure is only 50-135 BTU. Clearly, pipeline transportation is the most efficient way of moving petroleum products and gases and, hence, is the preferred mode all over the world. In developed countries like the USA and the UK, almost all long distance transportation of petroleum products and gas takes place through pipelines. India is far behind these countries in realizing the full potential of pipelines because it does not have a well-developed pipeline network. A rapid development of pipelines, therefore, is essential to ensure that the share of this mode in the transportation of petroleum products and natural gas reaches the desired level. It is estimated that around Rs 30,000 crore are likely to be invested over the next 10-12 years in setting up pipeline networks for liquid petroleum products The efficient and effective movement of natural gas from producing regions to consumption regions requires an extensive and elaborate transportation system. In many instances, natural gas produced from a particular well will have to travel a great distance to reach its point of use. The transportation system for natural gas consists of a complex network of pipelines, designed to quickly...
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...He’ll also restore relations with Iran after the Stephen Harper [insert] closed the Canadian embassy in Tehran in 2012 and expelled Iranian diplomats from Ottawa. All signs indicate that these promises will likely be fulfilled, pushing the country toward multilateralism—a source of pride for Canadians even if, in many respects, the historical record is decidedly more mixed (of which Trudeau senior was a notable exception). But Canada’s role in the combat mission is limited in any case, and a major policy shift toward the Middle East, remains...
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...Domestic Energy Production ENG-121-DS22 24 March 2012 As the United States continues recovering from the worst recession in decades, it is now more important than ever to begin focusing upon ways to strengthen and sustain our future economy. While unemployment and foreclosure rates continue to rise, the United States sends roughly $300 billion a year overseas to fuel its addiction to foreign oil (ProCon.org). With technological advances occurring almost daily, combined with newly discovered oil/gas fields and a willing and able workforce with a capitalist mentality, the time is ripe for the United States to break free from its energy dependence and begin to develop its rich natural resources domestically. Certainly, some may be concerned with the environmental impact that this intense energy development may cause but with improved technologies and techniques, we can continue to lessen our carbon footprint and possibly improve our environment, along with our economy. Maintaining a position as a major world power has come at a price for the United States. Currently, we consume nearly a quarter of all energy produced worldwide, importing some 10 million barrels of oil per day (Utley). As competition for oil reserves continues to rise with various newly emerging economies, especially India and China, Americans across the nation are feeling the effects. Not only at the pump but also in the rising costs in everything dependent upon energy production (Weeks). With a substantial...
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...PART-I US-Canada: Since many years, US-Canada trade has been the cornerstone for Canada’s economic development. Canada began its trade with the US in 1920s when rapid urbanization in the US led to huge demand in wood and other forestry products. In the 1920s and 1930s, pulp production increased steadily with over 90% of the produce being exported to the US. In 1925, the opening of the Panama Canal increased the exports of lumber from British Columbia to eastern U.S. markets, which dramatically increased the netbacks received for lumber produced in British Columbia (Statistics, Canada, 2012). Post world war, rapid expansion in the US industrial capacity was accompanied with rapid growth in the Canadian economy as well. Growth in the demand for newspapers led to the growth of pulp and paper industry. By1950, over half of the world’s newsprint was supplied by Canada. By 1954, pulp and paper exports accounted for 24% of Canada’s total exports, of which, 33% of those exports were to the United States (Statistics, Canada, 2012). Post 1960, the new staple in the resource landscape for Canada was Energy. Until this time, though some local sources were available on the Prairies and in Nova Scotia, Canada had relied on coal imports. In 1957, there was a major oil discovery in Alberta at Leduc, which lead to a major and dramatic expansion of crude oil and natural gas industry, the effects of which are still evident till date. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) removed most...
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...Comparison of environmental impacts of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Gas to Liquids (GTL), and LNG as an option for offshore gas transport [Author Name] [Institute Name] Abstract The main idea behind this paper is to understand the environmental impact by comparing compressed natural gas, gas-to-liquid, and liquefied natural gas as an option for offshore has transport. As, this study will give information about the environmental impacts related to natural gas and its major forms, which are assumed as an option for gas transport. The paper has explained the ways through which each gas is abusing environment in terms of mistreatment since massive excretion of gases have impacted on health ofenvironment as at times because of toxic gases marine life got disturbed, at times the specific region also experience acid rain and many other harmful effects that also destroys human’s health. Contents Abstract 2 List of figures 3 List of symbols 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Literature review 8 2.1. CNG 8 2.2. GTL 10 2.2.1. The GTL technology benefits environment 10 2.3. LNG 11 3. Discussion (comparison) 13 4. Conclusion 19 References 20 List of figures Figure 1: Forecast of world energy consumption Figure 2: Air pollutant emission by fuel type Figure 3: Environmental impacts of natural gas production, transportation and distribution Figure 4: Energy losses List...
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