...Bilingual Education By C. Mori When I started my investigation about bilingual education I never thought the debate about it would be as controversial and passionate as it is. But considering the numbers of English Language Learners (ELLs) in the U.S. public school, approximately 5.5 million, which represent about 11% of total number of students, and the percentage of drop outs, about 30% of ELLs, it is understandable that public opinion puts some pressure on the U.S. public school system to adopt the most efficient and adequate system for this growing minority group. The number of ELLs abandoning school has remained high for a long period of time generating serious doubts about the functionality and effectiveness of bilingual education and other programs. Two have been the main reasons attributed for this desertion from classes: the low socioeconomic level of ELLs and language differences. In this context, dual language, one modality of bilingual education, is showing to be able to make students excel in their academic performance and revert negative statistics Currently, in the United States there are two major approaches about how to teach English to those children whose primary language is different from English. The first approach is by immersing them in English only classes. This program was first implemented in California with proposition 227 in 1998 and continued to other states like Arizona and Massachusetts where bilingual education was...
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...Bilingual Education and the Success of Boston’s Latino Youth The success of Latino students in the Boston Public School system is undoubtedly and inextricably linked to the success of the district, in partnership with state government, combining both proven and innovative strategies in delivering English language instruction to the city’s students. At 43% of total enrollment, Latino students are the largest and fastest-growing demographic in Boston Public Schools (Handy). And while a majority of Latino students speak English proficiently, census records show that in the City of Boston half of all Latinos were born outside of the United States; 30% of Latinos in the Boston Public School system are English Language Learners (Uriarte, Chen, and Kala 9), and, not surprisingly, the majority (57% in 2012) of Boston’s students classified as Limited English Proficient, speak Spanish (Uriarte). Simply put, there is no way to ensure that schools are working to the best capacity for the district’s largest ethnic group without also ensuring that proper systems are in place to educate English Language Learners, who are disproportionately Latino. Unfortunately, this has not always been the easiest of tasks, and a ballot initiative of over a decade ago would come to undermine much of the needed progress in the Boston Public Schools. November 5, 2002 may seem like a distant memory for some, but on that day, the result of that year’s election would come to have a resounding impact on Massachusetts’...
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...Kinetico Amy Morrison Ashford University PHI 445 Personal and Organizational Ethics Ronald Cade March 27, 2011 I do believe there are many differences between values, moral and ethics. Some believe that values are what we learn from our upbringing from parents and contiguous pressure of adults implicated in the children’s life. Morality is the values urbanized from that assessment classification and how one ought to conduct themselves in any given circumstances. Ethics on the other hand is how someone essentially conducts themselves in the circumstances that may analysis ones principles and ethics. Values fluctuate from individuals. People use there values and ethical conduct to assist in making every day alternatives. Some people values increase over a better superiority civilization. Values support ethics in our professional and home life. An organizer will make moral alternatives during the business day as wells as personal life. How each organizer perceives a moral predicament determines what alternative is made to establish a business guidelines as well as personal home life? What an individual values is hard to recognize but an inclination of conduct can be used to devise a judgment. Some of the values that I hold profoundly today are sympathy, honor, sincerity, and ingenuousness. Sympathy is more of a good quality than a value, but the two are associated in that morals hold qualities such as empathy, reliability, and admiration. Sympathy is...
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...Linguistics and the Human Sciences LHS (print) issn 1742–2906 LHS (online) issn 1743–1662 Article A linguistic analysis of Spanglish: relating language to identity Jason Rothman and Amy Beth Rell Abstract According to the 2000 census, 35.3 million Hispanics live in the United States. This number comprises 12.5% of the overall population rendering the Latino community the largest minority in the United States. The Mexican community is not only the largest Hispanic group but also the fastest growing: from 1990 to 2000, the Mexican population grew 52.9% increasing from 13.5 million to 20.6 million (U.S. Department of Commerce News, 2001). The influx of Mexican immigrants coupled with the expansion of their community within the United States has created an unparalleled situation of language contact. Language is synonymous with identity (cf. Granger, 2004, and works cited within). To the extent that this is true, Spanish is synonymous with being Mexican and by extension, Chicano. With the advent of amnesty programs such as Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which naturalized millions of Mexican migrants, what was once a temporal migratory population has become increasingly permanent (Durand et al., 1999). In an effort to conserve Mexican traditions and identity, the struggle to preserve the mother tongue while at the same time acculturate to mainstream Americana has resulted in a variant of Spanglish that has received little attention. This paper will examine the...
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...appropriate probability concepts, rationale, statistical analysis, and a decision tailored to research studies specific to the thesis statement, question response types, and classification of our findings. Thesis Question "Does the emergency room get utilized more by a particular race and is there a reason for this occurrence?" Appropriate Probability Concepts and Your Application of Them to Find Resulting Data To Limit the Uncertainty of this Decision Probability theory is an important part of statistical theory that bridges descriptive and inferential statistics. It is the science of uncertainty, chance or likelihood (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). There are three kinds of probability; classical, empirical and subjective. In this instance, we will focus on a mixture of empirical probability which is based on past experiences and subjective probability which a probability is assigned to an event based upon whatever evidence is available. A closer look will be taken at the records of the patients treated by the emergency care team in the last six months along with tracking the cases seen in the emergency room over the next six months. At the conclusion of this study, it is our hope to have a better understanding in the growing trends and hope to be able to fairly prioritize emergency room treatment. [pic] Rationale for the Chosen Concept Identify Each Discrete Outcome from Your Statistical Analysis, Providing...
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...Acknowledgment to Gary Burris and Lynne Adair For their invaluable assistance with the project This material is available in alternative format by request. Contact Bilingual Education at 360-753-2573, TDD 360-664-3631. The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction complies with all federal and state rules and regulations and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age or marital status. Table of Contents (click on page number for access) Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Chapter One Language Acquisition and the Language Learner .......................................................... 7 Section One: How Does First Language Develop? .................................................... 7 Section Two: How Does Second Language Develop? ............................................... 9 Foundational Theories ............................................................................................ 9 Creative Construction ......................................................................................... 9 Error Analysis ................................................................................................... 10 Interlanguage...............................................
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...ENGLISH ONLY COURT CASES INVOLVING THE U.S. WORKPLACE: THE MYTHS OF LANGUAGE USE AND THE HOMOGENIZATION OF BILINGUAL WORKERS’ IDENTITIES KARI GIBSON University of Hawai‘i Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act protects against discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, sex, religion and national origin. However when the judicial system has examined English only workplace policies in light of Title VII, it has generally determined that such policies are not discriminatory if an employee is able to speak English. Although plaintiffs have argued that language is inextricably linked to national origin and cultural identity, the courts have stated that the use of a language other than English is detrimental to the morale of monolingual English speakers and a single language is necessary to ensure workplace harmony and proper management. This paper examines the court cases where English Only workplace policies have been challenged, and identifies the prevalent myths and ideologies held by businesses and the courts about language use, identity, and bilingual speakers. Through the process of homogeneism, linguistic diversity is rejected as monolingual English speakers are able to create and enforce rules that favor themselves as they construct the identity of “American” in their own image. Language is a central feature of human identity. When we hear someone speak, we immediately make guesses about gender, education level, age, profession, and place of origin....
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...Court Issues Analysis Court Issues Analysis The court has had many issues that have begun in this present time and some that could possibly become issues in the future in the court system. One issue is the fact that everyone in the United States doesn’t speak the same language. Another issue that has been around in the court system for a while is the issue of the victim’s rights and how they affect the court proceedings. Over the past century there has been an issue developing in the court system in regards to non-English speakers. With the language issues in the court, the court system has run into some issues with meeting constitutional requirements with regards to fairness, equal protection and the right to cross examine any witness involved in the court proceedings. In some states there has been a law developed that says that an interpreter must be present to help with any non-speaking English parties in the court proceedings. In many situations the interpreter is not qualified to be involved in the court preceding which could cause issues for the defendants or the witnesses. Many studies have been done concerning issues with languages, racial and ethnic minority issues in the court system. Both studies were able to show that there were some major issues in the area of due process and equal protection for anyone that would be considered non-English speaking in the court system. Another study was completed that would show four areas of problems in the court system. ...
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...Alternative and Augmentative Communication course that requires me to observe an individual using an alternative and augmentative mode of communication, I got an opportunity to observe a friend’s mother who has been diagnosed with severe Broca’s aphasia. I chose Mrs. K. for observation, as she is non-verbal and communicates her needs by a variety of methods. The observation took place at Mrs. K’s home, on a couple of occasions- once during a family get-together and the other time in the presence of a Speech Pathologist (private practitioner) who comes every week to provide remediation services to Mrs. K at her home. Mrs. K is a 58 year old housewife, who suffered from a cerebral vascular accident about three years ago. She is from a bilingual family; the languages spoken at home are predominantly Urdu and English. According to Mrs. K’s son, she herself is more proficient in Urdu, although she does understand English. Prior to the occurrence of cerebral vascular accident in May 2008, she was in good health and used to live alone in India, however after the occurrence of the stroke she has had to migrate to USA and has moved in with her son and his wife and their child 1 year of age. Cerebral vascular accident occurred in May 2008, without any overt cause, after the stroke Mrs. K was hospitalized for about a week and then discharged. The cerebral vascular accident and the resulting Boca’s aphasia has severely impacted Mrs. K’s life, as she had to migrate to a new country and ...
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...Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States Review: The Third Generation: Reflections on Recent Chicano Historiography Author(s): David G. Gutiérrez Source: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 281-296 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1052091 . Accessed: 01/05/2011 16:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive....
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...New Visa Norms to act on a positive note for the Canadian government People who are waiting to get their visa for working in Canada have to go through the new eligibility requirements for the year 2014. Especially for the skilled worker segment, the new eligibility rules are important, as it has been modified to suit the requirement of the Canadian government. The experts are stating that, the new changes in the eligibility criteria are for the betterment of the economic conditions of Canada. The rules, which have been changed, will give those skilled workers a chance that is capable to contribute to the enhancement of economic condition. According to the Canadian immigration minister, Jason Kenny, the immigration services will be starting for the year 2014 on May 4 and will disclose the new changes in the immigration rules. (Bells, 2014) Even the Canadian government has clearly stated that, the new changes, which have been implemented in the visa process, will give chance to the young generation who are capable to support the present and future economic conditions. According to the experts, the requirement of young and eligible candidates is because of people retiring from different job sectors. With possible forecast of job expansion, it has become a concern for the Canadian government because of which they are expecting to hire younger candidates more so that they can sustain to suit the requirement of the companies willing to expand their business workings...
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...One of the main justifications for this claim is due to how the conflicting parties in Rwanda were divided along numerous lines, but one of the most important was language, as the government was mainly French while the RGF was mainly English. Given how Dallaire had grown up in Quebec during the era of the FLQ and Quebec separatist movement, as well as being a bilingual soldier in a largely anglophone military, Dallaire “was able to comprehend dynamics between the two antagonists that other military figures could not” However, many critics point out that Dallaire was an artillery officer in the Canadian army, and that his training did not suit the conditions he faced in Rwanda. Devonshire’s counter-argument to this is: The characteristics of an artillery officer as outlined by the Canadian Forces are...
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...heories about how young children acquire and develop language Young children become amazingly proficient communicators during the first three years of life. As the Birth to Three Matters framework points out, they use 'the hundred languages of children' - body language (including facial expressions and dance); sign language (their own and family inventions as well as an officially recognised sign language); painting, drawing and mark-making; and oral expression. They have been acutely active listeners since their days in the womb, where they learned to recognise the speech patterns, tunes and tones of the languages used in their home contexts. Language theory research informs us that young children's language development is influenced by many factors, including having sensitive adults and older children around them who will listen and attend to their expressions and who will use and model appropriate language themselves. This has been called 'Motherese' by researchers led by Cathy Snow. Children's babbling during their first year includes the sounds of every world language and 'crib talk' demonstrates their intense interest in the sounds they hear around them. Although children with a hearing loss will stop babbling, if they grow up in a home with parents who can sign, they will follow the same patterns of development using their first language - signing - and will sign their first word at around the same age that hearing children speak theirs. Between two and three years...
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...ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS Arlene E. Silva, Master of Arts, 2005 Thesis Directed by: Professor Sylvia Rosenfield Department of Counseling and Personnel Services University of Maryland, College Park The present study serves as an examination and documentation of referral and placement outcomes of English Language Learner (ELL) cases in Instructional Consultation (IC) Teams schools. Archival data from 838 cases (12% of which were ELL cases) within five mid-Atlantic public school districts implementing IC Teams were analyzed for outcomes using logistic regression. Results included statistically significant differences in ELL versus non-ELL student initial team referral (IC or other prereferral intervention team) and ultimate IEP Team referrals. Initial referral concerns also differed significantly between ELL and non-ELL students. IC Teams were found to be more effective than existing prereferral intervention teams in decreasing the special education referrals of ELL and non-ELL students. The results of the present study serve as a foundation for future research in the areas of at-risk ELL students and their referrals to prereferral intervention teams and special education. ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS by Arlene E. Silva Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate...
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...United States Students Lag in Math and Science United States high school seniors scored near or at the bottom of a multinational study of student performance in science and mathematics, according to results released on February 24, 1998. Final results from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), said to be the most comprehensive ever, also showed that U.S. students' aptitude for mathematics and science declines as they get older. Conducted in 1995, TIMSS tested student abilities in general mathematics, general science, advanced mathematics, and physics. In general mathematics and general science the Netherlands and Sweden took top honors, while the United States ranked 19th and 16th, respectively, in a field of 21 nations. Top-level U.S. students fared even worse, finishing 15th out of 16 countries in advanced mathematics and placing 16th—dead last—in physics. France and Norway, respectively, finished first in those disciplines. Asian nations scored highest in earlier TIMSS studies of fourth and eighth graders, but chose not to participate in the high school study. United States Secretary of Education Richard Riley called the results “entirely unacceptable” and said they “confirm our need to raise our standards of achievement, testing, and teaching.” Students must be encouraged to “understand the importance of math and science,” Riley said. Only 25 percent of U.S. high school students take physics and only 10 percent take calculus, Riley said. Meanwhile...
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