...Kharagpur Lesson 27 Slender Columns Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Instructional Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to: • • • • • • • • define a slender column, give three reasons for its increasing importance and popularity, explain the behaviour of slender columns loaded concentrically, explain the behaviour of braced and unbraced single column or a part of rigid frame, bent in single or double curvatures, roles and importance of additional moments due to P- Δ effect and moments due to minimum eccentricities in slender columns, identify a column if sway or nonsway type, understand the additional moment method for the design of slender columns, apply the equations or use the appropriate tables or charts of SP-16 for the complete design of slender columns as recommended by IS 456. 11.27.1 Introduction Slender and short are the two types of columns classified on the basis of slenderness ratios as mentioned in sec.10.21.5 of Lesson 21. Columns having both lex/D and ley/b less than twelve are designated as short and otherwise, they are slender, where lex and ley are the effective lengths with respect to major and minor axes, respectively; and D and b are the depth and width of rectangular columns, respectively. Short columns are frequently used in concrete structures, the design of such columns has been explained in Lessons 22 to 26, loaded concentrically or eccentrically about one or both axes. However, slender columns are also becoming increasingly...
Words: 9910 - Pages: 40
...Process document for updating ICC Centerline and MilePosts MileExits 07/26/2011 Introduction This process document is to describe what the new ICC centerline, milepost and mile-exits about, how we processed the new data to matching the existing data attributes, how we updated the chartcenterline by appending the new ICC centerline, what methods we used in the whole process. 1. Identify the database update requirements and target The Intercounty Connctor or ICC (MD 200) route is a partially completed toll freeway which will link existing and proposed development areas between the I-270/I-370 . In review of exiting ArcGIS service map file ChartBG.mxd (on the “chartdevgis” server C:\arcgisserver\MapDocument\) – a Chart interactive background map, we can know that there is a miss for the ICC route. To make the background map with a complete required feature route present in the map, we need to update the existing ChartBG geodatabase to make up the missed ICC route (MD 200) by using the new data provided by SHA. The update requires the three feature classes are available in the existing ChartBG map service file. That means the existing interstates feature classes will be required to append new features from the data below. 1. ICC centerline (MD 200) 2. ICC Milepost 3. ICC MileExits In brief, the purpose of the geodatabase update is to add the ICC related...
Words: 2483 - Pages: 10
...& Robbs Architects have built or plan to build a new scoreboard, more seating, new locker rooms, and a new Fieldhouse. Deacon Tower’s architecture uses arches and columns that reflect architecture during the classical period of art, as well as match the same style of architecture that is featured Deacon Tower was erected in 2008 as a series of renovations to the BB&T Stadium where the Wake Forest Demon Deacons play in Winston Salem, NC. It features seven stories that house luxury suites, club seats and boxes, print and electronic media, coaching staffs, etc…at a staggering 122,900 square feet and 125 feet tall, it is arguably one of Wake Forest’s finest architectural feats and one of the luxurious renovation projects to a collegiate stadium ever to be done. At a price tag of $48 million dollars, it is one of the most expensive additions to any Wake Forest sport to date. Interestingly enough, Walter Robbs Callahan & Robbs, who were the genius’s behind the expenditure, incorporated many techniques that were employed centuries before. They drew inspiration for this project from not only the architects and artist who lived centuries before their time, but also from the original architects of Wake Forest’s campus. One component of Deacon Tower that highlights one piece of its beauty are the columns that it...
Words: 741 - Pages: 3
...and columns Typing and editing text in a cell Formatting text in a cell Using the series fill handle 1. Click in the first cell. This is called cell A1 (because it is in row 1 and column A) 2. Type your first name. See how your name shows up in the cell and in the Formula bar. This is the formula bar This is cell A1 3. Press the ENTER key. This will move the cursor down a row to cell A2. 4. Click on cell A1 again to select it. 5. Click in the formula bar. Click after your first name. Now, Enter a space and Type your last name. You should always make changes in the formula bar. If you try to make changes in the cell you will type over what is already there. 6. Press the ENTER key. Now you are in cell A2 again. 7. Type the words ―Happy Birthday” in cell A2. See that the words may not fit in the box. Don’t worry about it. See that the text is also in the Formula bar. 8. Press the ENTER key. The cursor will move to the cell below it. What is the name of that cell? ____________. Some of the text might be hidden, but it is not gone. Modified SPLC Document for use at Neighborhood House Rev 1.1.2010 9. Click in cell A2 again, your text will return. Check the formula bar to be sure. 10. Now, click in cell B2. 11. Type the words ―dear Andrew”. Press the ENTER key. 12. Click in cell B2. Click in the formula bar and change Andrew to ―Andrea”. 13. Move the cursor to the line between columns A and...
Words: 5104 - Pages: 21
...Possible 1 Start Excel. Download, save, and open the file named Exploring_e05_Grader_EOC.xlsx. 0 2 Sort the data on the Subtotals worksheet first by the Type column, then by the Art column, both in alphabetical order. 4 3 Subtotal the data at each change in Type. Identify the highest issue price, estimated value, and percent increase. 10 4 Add an automatic outline to the Subtotals worksheet. Group the first and last name columns. Collapse the names columns, and then collapse columns created by the outline (G, H, and I). 7 5 Create a PivotTable on a new worksheet using the data on the Christensen worksheet in the range A1:J19. Use the Type, Est. Value, and Issue Price fields and use the default locations in the PivotTable Layout. 8 6 Modify the Issue Price and Est. Value values to determine the average issue price and average estimated market value by type. 6 7 Insert a calculated field named % Change in Value to determine the percent change in values by type. Format the values in the new column as percentages with two decimal places. Format the values in the Average of Issue Price and Average of Est. Value columns as accounting values with no decimal places. 11 8 Enter the custom name Average Issue Price for the issue price column. Enter Average Est. Value for the estimated value column. Change Row Labels in the first column to Art Type....
Words: 312 - Pages: 2
...of intriguing. Could the sizable color contrast illustrated in this picture be more than just arbitrary hues? Was it the photographer endeavoring to elucidate philosophical ideas? The design of the structure is impressive and absorbing. On the first floor, the villa has columns and a hallway, and then on the right side of the first floor there is a wall. On the second floor, the villa has columns above the first floor wall, and a wall above the first floor columns. The first and second floors compliment each other despite being opposites in architectural design. It is truly an exceptional scene, with a touch of warmth and wonder. The picture displays a robust villa with tangible beauty and serenity. The cameraman does an incredible job of capturing a scene which is prepossessing, despite the villa's age and its notable wear. The photo only exhibits a small portion of the villa, since it is moderately close up. Focusing on the first floor, there is a doorway with a few rays of sunlight shining into the courtyard. The left side of the door is blocked by a column on the outer edge of the photo. The column then arches over to another column, which then arches over to a wall in the middle of the picture. Both columns are holding the wall of the second floor. On the wall of the second floor there is a window, and on the left side of this window there is what appears to be...
Words: 823 - Pages: 4
...used the cells section to increase the row height and the column width. I also increased the font size. I then typed in the probability of weekly demand section. Increasing the font size and making it bold. I set up three columns, P(x), cumulative, and repair time. This was taken from the table that was given. Because we need 52 weeks of information I set numbers for 60 weeks, starting with column E6. I then went to G6 and typed in =RAND() to start a random number sequence and hit enter. I then clicked on G6 and right clicked and held down to set up 60 random numbers. I then went to the clipboard section and clicked copy. Then we clicked on F6, then right clicked, then clicked on past special, then clicked on values, then clicked ok to set the values we would use. Then I left clicked on G6, then clicked on delete, then clicked entire column to remove. To develop the probability of breakdowns I had to assume values for P(y). We were given six operating times and given .33 as the highest probability, we then assumed the others with the total equaling 1.00. I then set up the cumulative column, and the operating time to breakdown column. Now I can do the calculation to get the times between breakdowns in weeks. This I set up in column G starting at G6 for the sixty weeks. In G6 I typed the formula, =Vlookup(F6,B20:C25,2). I then left clicked on G6 and scrolled down to get the values. I then started a column H, beginning with H6, to come up with the 52 weeks for...
Words: 920 - Pages: 4
...with several numbers between zero and one. I then took the number and plugged it into the following equation: six times the square root of r, where r equals the random number that was generated. From doing this I found the machine is bound to breakdown about three times. This information is show in columns A and B. Interval between Breakdowns I ran the RANDOM function and again to simulate the interval between successive breakdowns. I also used the given information for the repair time (days) and probability in the VLOOKUP function in order to come up with the number of days between breakdowns. On average, I found a total of 2.5 days interval between breakdowns. This information is found in columns C through E. Lost Revenue To generate the amount of revenue lost, I again used the RANDOM function, I then used those numbers in the following equation: six times r plus two, where I substituted r with the number generated using the RANDOM function. Depending on the number in column E I would repeat this equation. This information is found in columns F through K. Putting it all Together To come up with the total of how much it would cost, I then took the values in column k and multiplied them by .10 considering that’s how much JET Copies were planning to selling the copies for. After doing this multiplication, I summed up the values and found that a total of $26.65 would be lost for the week. To Buy or Not To Buy Seeing how the estimate amount of money lost is $26...
Words: 352 - Pages: 2
...Portal Frames Portal frames are generally low-rise structures, comprising columns and horizontal or pitched rafters, connected by moment-resisting connections. Resistance to lateral and vertical actions is provided by the rigidity of the connections and the bending stiffness of the members, which is increased by a suitable haunch or deepening of the rafter sections. This form of continuous frame structure is stable in its plane and provides a clear span that is unobstructed by bracing. They are very efficient for enclosing large volumes; therefore they are often used for industrial, storage, retail and commercial applications as well as for agricultural purposes. A portal frame building comprises a series of transverse frames braced longitudinally. The primary steelwork consists of columns and rafters, which form portal frames, and bracing. The end frame (gable frame) can be either a portal frame or a braced arrangement of columns and rafters. The light gauge secondary steelwork consists of side rails for walls and purlins for the roof. The secondary steelwork supports the building envelope, but also plays an important role in restraining the primary steelwork. The roof and wall cladding separate the enclosed space from the external environment as well as providing thermal and acoustic insulation. The structural role of the cladding is to transfer loads to secondary steelwork and also to restrain the flange of the purlin or rail to which it is attached. TYPES...
Words: 2094 - Pages: 9
...need to calculate the number of days that the houses were on the market and their sales percentage of the list price. In one situation, the house was involved in a bidding war between two families that really wanted the house. Therefore, the sale price exceeded the list price. a.Open the e01m3sales workbook and save the workbook as e01m3sales_LastnameFirstname so that you can return to the original workbook if necessary. b.Delete the row that has incomplete sales data. The owners took their house off the market. c.Calculate the number of days each house was on the market. Copy the formula down that column. d.Calculate the sale price percentage of the list price. The second house was listed for $500,250, but it sold for only $400,125. Therefore, the sale percentage of the list price is 79.99%. Format the percentages with two decimal places. e.Format prices with Accounting Number Format with zero decimal places. f.Wrap the headings on row 4. g.Insert a new column between the Date Sold and List Price columns. Move the Days on Market column to the new location. Then delete the empty column B. h.Edit the list date of the 41 Chestnut Circle house to be 4/20/2012. Edit the list price of the house on Amsterdam Drive to be $355,000. i.Select the property rows, and then set a 20 row height. Adjust column widths as necessary. j.Select landscape orientation, and then set the scaling to 130%. Center the data horizontally and vertically on the page. k.Insert a header with your name,...
Words: 329 - Pages: 2
...of stone and brick, one hundred and sixty-four feet in length, seventy-two feet wide, and two stories high. The basement is made of sandstone and the superstructure is made of brick covered with a roughcast coating of mastic. A portico on the southern and another on the northern end of the building, also a pediment on its eastern side, are each supported by six fluted stone columns, with ornamental capitals of the Composite order. The columns stand on buttresses raised to the height of the floor of the second story with volutes and abacuses that flare out at the capital. The bases are rounded using the ionic order of style mounted on the stylobate. Roman Ionic style was used to symbolize law, justice, and power while exhibiting a feeling of trust and security when walking up the steps to the entrance while the high walls on either side force the eyes forward and up. The depth of the columns and overhanging roof gives the visitor a feeling of entering the building before actually entering the main building which is similar to the temples built during the Roman movement. The columns give the appearance of being sectioned together similar to the traditional Roman style. This is representative by the slight color variations found throughout the length of the column. Instead of being sculpted in place using long and heavy pieces of marble or other material or being cast in place with cement, the columns were built in sections to provide the viewer a more reminiscing appearance...
Words: 498 - Pages: 2
...1. In range of data, data in the cells are not structured, they can be specified by the block of cells. Also the name of the table is manually done and not automatically set. In the structured range data, data is organized in columns and fields. The names of the table can be automatically set, and table headers can also be automatically set with drop down boxes. 2. A field is represented by the columns and a records are represented by rows. A field is single unit of data that is unique within each entry or row whereas a record is a row that contains distinctive data in each of the fields. 3. Freeze Panes buttons are used to freeze rows and columns in the excel sheet. It is helpful when working with a large sheet so that you keep the headers visible as...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...Greek version, Doric columns stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (entablature) that they carried. The Parthenon has the Doric design columns. * Pronounced features of both Greek and Roman versions of the Doric order are the alternating triglyphs and metopes. The triglyphs are decoratively grooved with three vertical grooves ("tri-glyph") and represent the original wooden end-beams, which rest on the plain architrave that occupies the lower half of the entablature. Under each triglyph are peglike "stagons" or "guttae" (literally: drops) that appear as if they were hammered in from below to stabilize the post-and-beam (trabeated) construction. They also served to "organize" rainwater runoff from above. A triglyph is centered above every column, with another (or sometimes two) between columns, though the Greeks felt that the corner triglyph should form the corner of the entablature, creating an inharmonious mismatch with the supporting column. The spaces between the triglyphs are the "metopes". They may be left plain, or they may be carved in low relief. * The architecture followed rules of harmony. Since the original design came from wooden temples and the triglyphs were real heads of wooden beams, every column had to bear a beam...
Words: 5435 - Pages: 22
...Change the default theme to ‘Classic Theme’ (right click on the diagram page and click properties ER Diagram Editor will open up. Change the Theme on the ‘General’ tab) Figure 2 – Selecting a Theme Bringing in the tables 1. Select the tables and relationships (if applicable) from the source model file and paste them in the target model while both models are in Physical mode. Figure 3 – Importing/copying the tables 2. Verify that all the tables you need are copied in the Erwin target model. 3. You can close the source model at this stage (recommended) Assigning appropriate Domains 1. Right click on the table and select ‘column properties’. 2. Assign the correct domain parent to all the columns. Figure 4 Assigning Domains to the columns 3. Once you have assigned the correct domain parent to all the columns close the dialogue box. 4. Repeat the process for each table you have brought in to the target data model. The logical Model 1. Switch to the ‘logical’ version of the subject area in the target model. 2. Right click on an entity that is NOT a ref table and select entity properties. 3. Go to the style tab and change the theme to an...
Words: 1187 - Pages: 5
...formulas, will be automatically entered into the formula bar as well. 2. Labels and values both refer to data entered into cells in an Excel worksheet. However, they differ in that labels are texts entries whereas values are number or formula entries. 3. A series of # signs means that the number entered into the cell was wider than the column permitted. This can be resolved by resizing the column with to show the entire number and removing the # signs. 4. Changing column width or row height is a very easy task in Excel. The user can place the mouse pointer between the gray area of the columns containing letter headings, click, and drag the column left or right to expand or reduce its size. The same can be done for rows, but the user must drag up or down to resize the row height. Another neat feature is that if the user double clicks in the gray area between letters, the column size will automatically adjust to fit the largest data entry. Furthermore, the user can automatically adjust all the rows and columns of a worksheet by clicking on the arrow in the gray box in the upper left corner and then double clicking the gray at the top between any column or row. 5. The appearance of data is controlled by applying different formats to cells. Numerous formats exist for different sets of numbers. Some useful number formats include date, comma, accounting which is used for money, and percent. 6. The Format Painter tool enables the user to essentially copy a cells number format to another...
Words: 940 - Pages: 4
