...|Pre-war event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | |French and Indian War|Also known as the 7 Years War, a conflict mostly between native Indian tribes, |Led to the British and French for the Posession of the continent. The French wanted to | | |the British and the French. |reclaim the Americas after severeal defeats. The French returned to join the American | | | |Colonists to defeat the Brtitish which led to American independence. | |Sugar Act |On April 5, 1764, the parliament passed a modified version of the Sugar and |The Sugar Act had disrupted the colonial economy by reducing the markets to which the | | |Molasses Act of 1733, and this act was about to expire. Under the Molasses or |colonies could sell, and the amount of currency available to them for the purchase of | | |Sugar Act colonial merchants were required to pay a tax of six pence per gallon |British manufactured goods. This act, in addition to the Currency Act, set the stage for | | |on the importation of foreign molasses. |the revolt at the imposition...
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...Minor Parties A minor party is a party that fields candidates for the election but has insufficient voter support to win a majority of seats in a house of parliament in its own right. Minor parties include The Democrats, Greens, Family First and Nationals. ♥ Significant because; ♥ They hold the balance of power in the senate ♥ Their preferences may determine result of elections ♥ Provide an alternate choice for voters Classifications of a minor party ♥ Secessionist parties – form as a result of a split in the “parent” party ♥ Aggrieved minor parties – usually form after the group failed as a pressure group ♥ Doctrinal parties – firm, narrow rigid doctrine Why do major parties dominate? ♥ Australia is basically a two-party system and other parties have found it difficult to establish themselves ♥ Media tends to concentrate on major parties ♥ Minor parties find it difficult to raise finance ♥ Use of single member electorates has made it very difficult Strategies used by Minor Parties ♥ Gaining major party support of their policies in exchange for their preferences ♥ Form coalitions with major parties, eg Nationals and Liberals ♥ Holding the balance of power in the senate ♥ Use electoral preferences as threats/compromises The Australian Democrats The Democrats have had a greater impact than any other minor party in the history of federal politics – emerged as a distinctive third force in federal politics – relative success over a...
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...is it fair to say that the USA has a two party system? (45 marks) A two party system can be defined as one in which two major parties regularly win at least 80% of the popular vote in the general elections, regularly win at least 90% of the seats in the legislature and alternately control the executive branch of the government. Tradition is very important for most US citizens and because of this the once established human institutions are likely to become self-perpetuating. So it has been with the two-party system. The very fact that the nation began with a two-party system has been a leading reason for the retention of a two-party system. Over time, it has become an increasingly important, self-reinforcing reason. Many argue these criteria are used in US politics as the first-past-the-post electoral system in the USA makes life difficult for national third parties, and therefore it is always the Democrats and Republicans who are elected; all presidents since 1853 have been either a Democrat or Republican. From 1968 to 2012, the combined Democrat and Republican vote has ranged from 86% to 99%, which means that third-party support is shallow and have an unimaginable chance of winning all votes in the Electoral College. They only pick up a fraction of the vote in almost every state but under a winner-takes-all system they receive no reward at all. Much of American election law is purposely written to discourage non-major party candidates. Republicans and Democrats...
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...States Government Political parties & interests groups Political Parties * American political parties do not have clear programs, regular members, annual meetings, party leaders don’t decide who will run for election, etc. – the ideology of American parties is not very distinctive – they are electoral machines – they help people get elected to Congress and help us organize our thinking. * Political parties have existed since the first decade of the new government’s existence. Americans have always had ambivalent feelings about them. * Parties are necessary, and they perform vital functions, they are crucial institutions when it comes to organizing competition when it comes to elections, structuring the thinking of the society. If they help us distinguish various political sides, we can start identifying with them (liberal, conservative) * Ad-hoc coalitions – built in order to pass a specific bill. Party functions: * Organize the competition * Unify the electorate * Inspire and inform voters * Translate preferences into policy * Provide loyal opposition * Organize Government * Help Govern * Act as Watchdogs * Nominate Candidates * Ensure Candidate Quality * Winner takes all election system – if you have to be big to win, it makes no sense for small parties to function. * Party systems – Multiparty and Two Party System. * Minor parties: Persistence and Frustration * American parties are fairly loose coalitions...
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...The European Party Landscape PSC 2330 Final Paper Professor Feigenbaum The European party landscape is among the most diversified of any region. Parties range from far left to far right, and party systems range from the two party system exhibited by the United States, and to a lesser degree the United Kingdom, to the multiparty systems of France and Germany. Both the two party systems of the United States and United Kingdom and the multiparty systems of France and Germany possess intrinsic strengths and fallibilities. The multiparty systems of France and Germany are more democratic than the two party systems of the United States and United Kingdom, as they offer greater choice and are more responsive to the wills of the people. However, a two party system is preferable to a multiparty system because it makes government more effective by filtering out extremists and following the majority as opposed to possible minority control over the majority. Characterizing the United Kingdom’s party system as a “two-party system” is somewhat deceiving. The idea of the British system as a two-party system stems from the fact that since 1922, when the Liberal party leader David Lloyd George served as prime minister from 1916-1922, only leaders of the Labour or Conservative parties have served as prime ministers. Furthermore, throughout the postwar period these two parties have routinely divided at least 85 percent of the seats in the House of Commons. However since the 1980s...
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...Political Parties and the Electoral Process Timothy M Mcalister Professor Julie Waldon POL110 6/09/2014 Strayer University Abstract This paper explores the political parties and the electoral process. In this paper I have identified ideological differences between the two major parties, the conservative and liberals of the democratic and republican parties. Though I do not directly state democratic nor republican, it is widely known that the republicans are liberal while the republicans are conservative. Anything to do with the government is always debatable and can quickly change but based on the information I have gathered from books and the internet, listed in my references, I can only conclude from what I have read. Based on the writings of Theodore J. Lowi and Herbert Alexander I have been able to look into a third-party system how it is set up to fail. Between the electoral and presidential lead parties that are wanted and are there for the people, and what they want, will make it. Political Parties and the Electoral Process Both major political parties in the United States have their pros and cons when it comes to the views on abortion, gun control, taxes, affirmative action, and gay marriage. The liberal views of most democrats want everyone to have the rights they deserve, but then they know some of those rights should be limited. Though this seems hypocritical the rights, they want to see, restricted...
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...A two-party system is when two major political parties dominate the government. Without the Electoral College, there would not be a two-party system, but instead a number of minor political parties. William C. Kimberling, author of The Electoral College - Pros and Cons states, “The result of a direct popular election for president, then, would likely be frayed and unstable political system characterized by a multitude of political parties and by more radical changes in policies from one administration to the next” (Kimberling par. 24). This shows that having several new or minor political parties could lead to an unstable political system, whereas two-party systems provide a stable balance of varied interests and opinions. Fortunately, the Electoral College makes it difficult for these parties to win enough votes and therefore forces these third party movements into one of the two major political parties. On that account, the Electoral College’s encouragement of a two-party system is...
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...Political Parties and Electoral Process Strayer University POL 110 December 8, 2014 Political Parties and Electoral Process Democrats and Republicans have shaped the political landscape in the U.S. throughout history. Both parties intend to do what is best for the American people but vastly differ in philosophy and ideals. Democrats have been generally viewed as supporters of social services while Republicans encourage a limited government influence and a robust foreign policy. Furthermore, Democrats tend to lean towards an active government with the belief of improving the opportunity and equality. Meanwhile, Republicans tend to be more adamant about being pro-business and more self-reliant. The recovery of the economy has been a very divisive issue between Democrats and Republicans and has been well documented in recent years. A prime example is the dispute over the stimulus package released few years ago. One major dispute between the Republicans and Democrats regarding the growth of the economy is the proportion of tax cuts. Democrats heavily favored tax cuts for the lower and middle class and conceded to the idea of raising taxes for the 1 percent to stay economically balanced. While Republicans were opposed to the idea, they were in favor of tax cuts across the board. In addition, Democrats were in favor of impermanent exceptions for businesses creating additional employment opportunities. Another issue where Democrats and Republicans differ ideally...
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...How has Coalition Government affected Party Politics in the U.K? The arrival of a coalition government formed between the Liberal Democrats and the Conservative Party in 2010 has affected UK party politics in various ways, the nature of which is looked into below. The governing of a country by a coalition of two political parties with differing political stances will involve negotiation between and some degree of compromise on behalf of the two parties. This is necessary in order to come to some form of agreement on key policies, such as those affecting the economy, unemployment, crime, environmental concerns, welfare, law and order and education, amongst other policy areas. The agreements reached are also, to a certain degree, in a balance of compliance with key political beliefs or philosophies of both the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats in terms of their respective guiding principles on areas such as social justice, the appropriate degree of state intervention and the importance of equality and availability of opportunity within society. The rise to power of a coalition government has made Consensus politics a key feature of UK party politics, since the nature of a coalition involves broad agreement on most basic policies between the two major political parties forming the coalition; the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. The ability and will to negotiate and agree is of key importance if a coalition is to be able to govern effectively, in an organised...
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...write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term constituency parties B) Explain why the threat of losing the party whip will usually persuade MPs to “toe the party line” C) Permanent, politically neutral and anonymous” How far does the British Civil Service still reflect these key features? Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term political leaders B) Outline the different roles performed by the annual party conference held by the major UK parties C) Discuss the view that modern British Prime Ministers are not too strong, but too weak Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term Prime Ministers Questions B) Identify and explain two reasons why the Prime Minister’s power to influence policy making is limited C) “The House of Commons is too dominant within the Westminster Parliament” Discuss Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers ...
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...opportunity to know elaborately about preparing research report. I sincerely prepared this research report. I truly appreciated this assignment and I enjoyed it very much. Yours Sincerely Md. Nur Alom Siddique Serial No: 18165 Section: B Session: 2011-12 Batch: 18th Department Of Management University Of Dhaka Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction In the backdrop of student groups’ involvement in cadre politics, increased violence, tender manipulation, and admission business, the citizens have issued a clarion call to the political parties for a consensus in declaring a moratorium on student politics in colleges and universities. Student politics in recent...
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...Process? It is often said that young people lack interest and concern in politics, showing indifference to the modern political process. This claim will be explored in the context of contemporary Britain, acknowledging possible explanations for this apathy and analysing how recent trends may be affecting the level of political interest amongst the youth culture. The difference between old and modern politics will also be discussed, examining how this fits in with youth culture. To begin to acknoweldge why young people may be apathetic towards the modern political process, it is crucial to understand how the youth view politics and how these views have been acquired. For some it would seem that there is a definite lack of education in what politics is, rather than a complete lack of interest. The National Curriculum consists of 4 key stages and it is not until Citizenship lessons at key stage 3 (11 - 14 years old) that British children are taught "knowledge and understanding about becoming informed citizens" (National Curriculum Online: nc.uk.net) which includes topics on politics. Because of the legal obligations to schools to abide by the National Curriculum many find it difficult or impossible to offer content outside of its scope - the result being that only National Curriculum material is covered. In terms of political education, this means that many children have had no educational of politics since the introduction of the National Curriculum in 1989. Hence large numbers...
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...The Development of Political Party Models in Western Europe: Katz and Mair’s Approach to Modern Party Organization Introduction In recent years more than ever, it has become clear that European party systems and European politics itself are characterized by an extensive change. With the economical, cultural and social changes in most of the countries and with the rapid expansion of the European Union, parties face a big number of alterations according to which they have to adjust their focuses and structures. The long term consequences of these changes are varied; some parties quickly emerge, others suddenly decline, the level of volatility is rising and it is evident that generally the vulnerability of political parties is constantly growing. The changes also shape the electorate’s behaviour as is demonstrated by the falling levels of party identification since the 1990s. The increasing number of effects of socio-economic, cultural and technological developments appear to have eroded the once steady cleavage structures in most European societies, on which voting loyalties were based and not only reformed the structures of political parties but also redefined the relationship between them, the states and societies (Mair&Smith:1990:1). This change has resulted in the demand for attention in recent years to be turned towards the research of political party organization and the study of different party models both with regard to the theoretical importance of them and...
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... Bipartisanism is a political system where all political activities of a state are run by two major parties and rest of the parties carry less importance. It doesn’t mean that in a Bi-party system there is only two parties in a state and there is not any existence of third party. There can be many parties in this system but the main role is played by two major parties who oppose neck to neck one another in every election As example we may give a glance on UK and U.S.A. . Both of these countries are going through in this process or system. In UK there are Conservative party, Labour party, Liberal party, Communist and Fascist party. But in the field of politics Labour party and Conservative party are important. The form of Government is interchanged between these parties. Sometimes Conservative party and other times Labour party. In the House of Commons the Liberal party has a few seats but no seat has been obtained by Fascist and Communist party. The same view is in U.S.A also. Politics of U.S.A. is run by two major parties named as Democratic party and Republican party . Others do not have any importance in the politics. In every country who has Bipartisanism system it is a common scene that power passes from one party to the other and society gets a little bit worse with each election. There is not any variation in internal activates of a country. From two parties, one another come to form a government always by and by and they become the policy maker and...
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...Running Header: Politics of Jamaica Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Name & Code: Date of Submission: Politics of Jamaica The politics of Jamaica occurs in a structure of a representative parliamentary democratic monarchy. A parliamentary system based on the United Kingdom model was established by 1962 constitution. Queen Elizabeth II as a chief of state appoints a governor general on advice of the prime minister who is her representative in Jamaica. However, the governor general is largely ceremonial. The executive power is vested in the cabinet that is headed by the Prime Minister. The government exercises executive powers. Jamaica is an independent state with a parliamentary democracy with its political and legal traditions being similar to that of United Kingdom. Legislative powers are vested in both the parliament and government. A bipartisan joint committee of legislature of Jamaica drafted the current constitution of Jamaica in 1962. The Judiciary is independent of the legislature and the executive (Margaret). Jamaica has two major political Parties including the Jamaica Labor Party and People’s National Party among other small parties. Jamaica Labor party was formed under the leadership of late William Alexander Bustamante in 1943. JLP was elected to govern in the first election that was held under constitution in 1944. Other following...
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