...Introduction This essay focuses on the hypothesis testing in order to provide sufficient statistic assistance to make decisions associated with location, how to promote, and the pricing strategy. To be more specific, there are many hypothesis testing methods used in the following essay, including one sample t-test, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, ANOVA and Chi-test to achieve those goals. How much are potential patrons willing to pay for the entrees? Is the $18 amount from the forecasting model correct? [pic] Graph 1: The frequency of the price of evening meal entrée item alone Based on the process of data screening, I personally believe that 60 data are logically inconsistent. 60 data relating to the price of evening meal entrée customers would like to pay amount to 999 dollars, which has a low possibility in reality. In this case, those data should not be included during analysis. In other words, I accept the null hypothesis and conclude that the average price of evening mean entrée is not significantly different from 18 dollars. Ho: μ=18 H1: μ≠ 18 |One-sample statistics | | |N |Mean |Std. Deviation |Std. Error Mean | |What would you expect an average evening meal entree |340 |$18.8353 |$9.82784 |$.53299 | |item alone...
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...policy may be subject to legal action including, but not limited to, payment for each guide that is disseminated unlawfully and associated damages. College Algebra Visit our website at clep.collegeboard.org for the most up-to-date information. © 2013 The College Board. College Board, CLEP, College-Level Examination Program, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. inspiring minds is a trademark owned by the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. Introduction This is the only official guide to the 33 College-Level Examination Program® (CLEP®) exams. CLEP exams are administered on computers at test centers across the country. This Guide has been written mainly for adults who are making plans to enroll in college, but it contains information of interest to others as well. College-bound high school students, current college students, military personnel, professionals seeking certification and persons of all ages who have learned or wish to learn college-level material outside the college classroom will find the Guide helpful as they strive to accomplish their goals. CLEP is based on the premise that some individuals enrolling in college have already learned part of what is taught in college courses through job training, independent reading and study, noncredit adult courses and advanced high school courses. Often, their jobs and life...
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...Sample Test Paper (MBA, MS Management Sciences) | | 1. All answers must be given on the text answer sheet in the manner indicated on the Sample Answer Sheet. 2. There will be no negative marking. 3. Do not write / answer beyond the specified time which will be controlled by the class supervisor. 4. Calculators of any kind are not allowed.There are five sections of Test Paper: - 1. Section 1 -- English 2. Section 2 -- Mathematics 3. Section 3 -- IQ 4. Section 4 -- General Knowledge 5. Section 5 -- EssayNOTE: 1. You will be required to answer all questions on the given answer sheet. Sample of Answer Sheet is given here. 2. You will be provided Aptitude Test Kit to work. You do not need to carry any thing for the test except your Admit Card. Aptitude Test Kit will include: - * Pencil * Pencil Cutter * Eraser * Scale * Question Paper * Answer Sheet | SECTION # 01 -- English | This section includes following areas: - 1. Language (5 Minutes, 15 Questions) 2. Grammar (10 Minutes, 10 Questions) 3. Comprehension (15 Minutes, 10 Questions) | Language | | 1- Synonyms a. Opposite b. Appropriate c. Confuse d. Same in the meaning | 2- Amplitude a. Largeness b. Short Fall c. Deficit d. Ingenuity | | | Grammar | Choose the answer that best expresses the meaning of original sentence: | 1. With the exception of Frank and I, every one in the class finished the assignment before the...
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...Customer is the kingpin for the development of trade, industry and services sector particularly in financial services. So, the significance of customer services in the banking sector came to force to compete in a market driven environment. Banks these days provide a variety of services ranging from opening a savings account to internet banking, granting loans to selling insurance, providing locker facilities to transferring money abroad. Their customers come from all classes of society from a salaried group to a Multi National Corporation having its business activities all around the world. The banks have to satisfy all the customers belonging to different social groups. Measuring services quality in the services sector particularly in the banking sector is more difficult than measuring the quality of manufactured goods. The banking has therefore become more complex and requires specialized skills. People working in banks act as a bridge between the bank and the customers. They are the people who face customers directly and are the first ones to know what customer actually needs. The concept of customer satisfaction and services quality is interrelated with each other. Moreover satisfaction of customer depends upon services quality and service quality is increasingly offered as a strategy by marketers to position themselves more effectively in the market place. As survival of the fittest has become the order of today, every bank is trying woe the best customer who is common for...
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...Sampling and data collection in research paper Introduction In this essay, I will discuss two ways for him to service professional to conduct research through sample lien and data collection. Through the use of research and he was there's a vessel can be better assist their clients ensuring their clients have the skills needed to reach their goals and objectives. What is the purpose of sampling Sampling allows the human service professional to research one narrow topic at a time instead of a whole group "A major reason for studying samples rather than the whole group is that the whole group sometimes is so large that studying it is not feasible" ( Monette, D. R., Sullivan T. J., & DeJong, C. R. (2011). A human service professional will receive better information through sampling; a sample is one or more elements of a population. The characteristics of probability and nonprobability "Probability sampling techniques is too sure that each element has an equal chance of inclusion"(Monette, D. R., Sullivan T. J., & DeJong, C. R. (2011). There are four aspects of probability sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and area sampling. When probability sampling is not always the appropriate technique to use "Nonprobability sample's in which the investigator does not know the probability of beads populations elements inclusion in the sample"(Monette, D. R., Sullivan T. J., & DeJong, C. R. (2011). There are five characteristics for...
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...Section-I State whether the following statements are True or False. (5 marks, 1 Mark Each) A Type II error is rejecting a true null hypothesis. F When testing a null hypothesis about a single population mean and the population standard deviation is unknown, if the sample size is less than 30, one compares the computed test statistic for significance with a value from the Z- distribution. F As the level of significance decreases, we are more likely to fail to reject the null hypothesis. T...
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...2013 C Copyright ⃝ 2013 Educational Testing Service ISSN: 1530-5058 print / 1532-7574 online DOI: 10.1080/15305058.2012.690012 Writing Essays on a Laptop or a Desktop Computer: Does It Matter? Guangming Ling and Brent Bridgeman Educational Testing Service To explore the potential effect of computer type on the Test of English as a Foreign Language–Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) Writing Test, a sample of 444 international students was used. The students were randomly assigned to either a laptop or a desktop computer to write two TOEFL iBT practice essays in a simulated testing environment, followed by a survey of computer experience. The survey results suggested that the participants had extensive experience using computers, had more experience with laptops than with desktops, and preferred using the laptop computers to the desktop computers. The computer type (laptop or desktop computer) was found to have a negligible effect on essay performance (essay score, essay length, and writing speed). However, other factors, including gender, regional background, daily experience with laptop or desktop computers, preference for a particular pointing device, and previous TOEFL experience, were found to be significantly related to essay performance but did not interact with computer type. Keywords: computer type effects, desktop, e-rater, essay length, essay score, laptop, writing speed INTRODUCTION When large-scale computer-based testing began in the early 1990s, testing centers were equipped...
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...Statistics: Highly Informative Latosha Greer BUS308: Statistics for Managers Instructor Hayes June 1, 2014 In this essay I am aim to discuss the differences between descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics and the reasons why we use them. I will also discuss hypothesis development and testing, when to select the appropriate statistical test, and how to evaluating statistical results. In this class I learned the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. We use descriptive statistics to measure and analysis data. There are a number of reasons why we use Descriptive statistics. We use it, because Descriptive statistics numerical summaries measure the central tendency of a data set, it can include graphical summaries that show the spread of the data, and they provide simple summaries about the sample that help interpret and analyze data. First, there are a number of reasons why we use descriptive statistics we use it because descriptive statistics numerical summaries that either measure the central tendency of a data set. In business therefore descriptive statistics helps in making conclusions about various issues and therefore helps in making decision. Description statistics is the first step in analyzing data before making inferences of data, therefore it is important in analyzing any data collected that will help in describing the characteristics of data collected. There are three measurements that we tend to use. One measurement...
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...all parts of the body, and carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled. The following essay will be discussing Thalassemia and the results of genetic testing. This disorder is passed on through genes and it is vital to understand how this disease can affect the future generations of families. It is caused by either a genetic mutation, or a deletion of certain key genes. T t T TT Tt t Tt tt The two types of Thalassemia are Thalassemia Major and Thalassemia Minor. Thalassemia Major shows symptoms and occurs when both the recessive genes carry the disorder, which results in symptoms. Thalassemia Minor occurs if you receive the bad gene from only one parent. People with this type are only carriers of the disease. Most of the time, they do not have symptoms. If both parents are carriers of the disease then their off spring has a 50% chance that they will carry the gene, a 25% chance that the child will not have the gene and a 25% chance that the child will suffer from the disease. Some of the symptoms for Thalassemia are: fussiness, paleness, frequent infections, poor appetite, failure to thrive, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) and enlarged organs. Diagnostic tests can detect many genetic conditions caused by chromosome abnormalities. They usually can tell parents whether or not their fetus has a particular genetic problem. Genetic testing can happen by getting a sample of DNA. E.g., blood or hair. It shows the differences in the genes and chromosomes....
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...Define the content of the measure 2.1.3 Develop the test plan 2.2 Item writing p7 2.2.1 Write the items 2.2.2 Review the items 2.3 Assemble and pre-test the experimental version of the measure p8 2.3.1 Arrange the items 2.3.2 Finalise the length 2.3.3 Answer protocols 2.3.4 Develop administration instruction 2.3.5 Pre-test the experimental version of the measure 2.4 The item-analysis phase p9 2.4.1 Classical test-theory item analysis: Determine item difficulty (p) 2.4.2 Classical test-theory item analysis: Determine discriminating power 2.4.3 Item response theory (IRT) 2.4.4 Identify items for final pool 2.5 Revise and standardise the final version of the measure p 11 2.5.1 Revise the items and test 2.5.2 Select items for the final version 2.5.3 Refine administration instructions and scoring procedures 2.5.4 Administer the final version 2.6 Technical evaluation and establishing norms 2.6.1 Establish validity and reliability 2.6.1.1 Reliability 2.6.1.2 Validity 2.6.2 Establish norms, set performance standards or cut-scores p 11 3 2.7 Publish and refine continuously p 15 2.7.1 Compile the test manual 2.7.2 Submit the measure for classification 2.7.3 Publish and market the measure 2.7.4 Revise and refine continuously 3. Evaluate a measure p 16 Section B 4. Steps in the adaptation of an assessment measure for cross-cultural application p 16 5. Conclusion p 18 6. References p 18 4 1. Introduction In the following essay in section A we are going to consider the process...
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...THE STUDY SKILLS AND HABITS OF ATENEO DE ILOILO- SANTA MARIA CATHOLIC SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter one consists of six parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem, (3) Hypothesis, (4) Definition of Terms, (5) Delimitation of the Study, and (6) Significance of the Study. Part One, Background of the Study, represents the rationale that supports this research endeavour. It gives the reason behind the choice of the problem and provides a strong foundation for the conduct of this study. Part Two, Statement of the Problem, presents the problem and states the general and specific research questions that this study sought to answer. Part Three, Hypothesis, states and advances the hypotheses that were tested in this study. Part Four, Definition of Terms, includes the meanings of the terms that are essential in the development and understanding of this study. Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, includes the discussions of the scope and factors that delimit the scope of this study. Part Six, Significance of the Study, enumerates the persons and institutions that might benefit from the findings of this research. Background of the Study Study skills and habits are techniques or strategies used every time a student is studying. Some students would have the same study habits or may have a different one. Their kind of study habits depends whether a specific study is effective for them. Definitely, the emphasis...
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...for word from a reference. You need to explain the concept so I know you understand what it means. For questions requiring material from Statdisk, make sure to turn labels on, take a screen capture (CTRL-Print Screen on most Windows-based computers), and paste the image into the worksheet. Crop the image as appropriate. 1. Describe a normal distribution in no more than 100 words (5 point). Answer: A normal distribution is a continuous random variable distribution with a bell shape, and has only two parameters: the mean, and the variance. A normal distribution can be represented by the formula: y=e^(-1/2)(x-μ/σ)/(σ√2pi). The mean can be any positive number and variance can be any positive number, so there are an infinite number of normal distributions. The shape of the distribution when graphed is symmetrical and bell-shaped. Use this information to answer questions 2-4. Following a brushfire, a forester takes core samples from the ten surviving Bigcone Douglas-fir trees in a test plot within the burn area, and a dendrochronologist determines the age of the source trees to be as follows (in years): 15 38 48 67 81 83 94 102 135 167 2. Construct a normal quantile plot in Statdisk, show the regression line, and paste the image into your response. Based on the normal quantile plot, does the data above appear to come from a population of Bigcone Douglas-fir tree ages that has a normal distribution? Explain (5 point). [pic] [pic] Answer: The data...
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...The Intelligent Essay Assessor: Applications to Educational Technology Peter W. Foltz, New Mexico State University Darrell Laham, Knowledge Analysis Technologies Thomas K. Landauer, University of Colorado Abstract The Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA) is a set of software tools for scoring the quality of essay content. The IEA uses Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), which is both a computational model of human knowledge representation and a method for extracting semantic similarity of words and passages from text. Simulations of psycholinguistic phenomena show that LSA reflects similarities of human meaning effectively. To assess essay quality, LSA is first trained on domain-representative text. Then student essays are characterized by LSA representations of the meaning of the words used, and they are compared with essays of known quality in regard to their degree of conceptual relevance and the amount of relevant content. Over many diverse topics, the IEA scores agreed with human experts as accurately as expert scores agreed with each other. Implications are discussed for incorporating automatic essay scoring in more general forms of educational technology. 1. Introduction While writing is an essential part of the educational process, many instructors find it difficult to incorporate large numbers of writing assignments in their courses due to the effort required to evaluate them. However, the ability to convey information verbally is an important educational achievement...
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...Journal of Information Technology Education Volume 2, 2003 An Overview of Current Research on Automated Essay Grading Salvatore Valenti, Francesca Neri and Alessandro Cucchiarelli DIIGA - Universita’ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy valenti@inform.unian.it neri@inform.unian.it alex@inform.unian.it Executive Summary Essays are considered by many researchers as the most useful tool to assess learning outcomes, implying the ability to recall, organize and integrate ideas, the ability to express oneself in writing and the ability to supply merely than identify interpretation and application of data. It is in the measurement of such outcomes, corresponding to the evaluation and synthesis levels of the Bloom’s (1956) taxonomy that the essay questions serve their most useful purpose. One of the difficulties of grading essays is represented by the perceived subjectivity of the grading process. Many researchers claim that the subjective nature of essay assessment leads to variation in grades awarded by different human assessors, which is perceived by students as a great source of unfairness. This issue may be faced through the adoption of automated assessment tools for essays. A system for automated assessment would at least be consistent in the way it scores essays, and enormous cost and time savings could be achieved if the system can be shown to grade essays within the range of those awarded by human assessors. This paper presents an overview of current approaches to...
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...Assembly and Pretesting of measure 2.4 Item Analysis 2.5 Standardisation of the Final version 2.6 Technical Evaluation and establishing norms 2.7 Publishing and ongoing refinement Cross Cultural test adaptation 3. 3.1 Initial Translation 3.2 Synthesis of the Translation 3.3 Back Translation 3.4 Expert Committee 3.5 Test of the prefinal version 3.6 Submission of Documentation 4. Conclusion 5. References 1 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 3 1. Introduction: What is Psychological Testing Psychological testing refers to the administration of psychological tests. A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of sample behaviour . The term sample of behaviour refers to an individual s performance on tasks that have usually been prescribed beforehand. The samples of behaviour that make up a paper and pencil test, the most common type of test, are a series of items. Performances on these items produce a test score. A score on a well constructed test is believed to reflect a psychological construct such as achievement in a school subject , cognitive ability , aptitude, emotional functioning, personality , etc. differences in test scores are thought to reflect individual differences in the construct the test is meant to measure. The technical term for the science behind this is psychometrics. Proper psychological testing is conducted after vigorous research and development. Proper testing should include...
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