...Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which the patient experiences hyperglycemia resulting from a decrease in the secretion or use of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune or idiopathic disorder in which the body destroys the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, leaving it to be unable to produce insulin. The disorder begins with insulitis, which is an inflammatory process that occurs due to the destruction of the islet cells, which contain the beta cells. In this process insulin production slowly stops and the patient begins to experience the symptoms of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia and ketosis, when 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, & Gubrud-Howe, 2015). J.T....
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...Epidemiology Case Study 1 Managerial Epidemiology – HAS 535 – Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study: Diabetes Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study 2 Diabetes, the sixth leading cause of death in the United States is a disease in which the body has a shortage of insulin, a decreased ability to use insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted to energy. When diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fats remain in the blood, and, overtime, damage vital organs. In a healthy person, blood sugar levels, which fluctuates based on food intake, exercise and other factors are kept within an acceptable by insulin. Insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas, helps the body absorb excess sugar from the bloodstream; therefore, in people with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin thus increasing the blood sugar levels making it difficult to be controlled by insulin. Type 1 diabetes, diagnosed in children and young adults (although it can occur at any age) is an autoimmune disease that may be caused by genetic, environmental or other factors. It accounts for about 5 percent of diabetes cases. Although there are no known ways to prevent it, administration of insulin is an effective treatment. Type 2 diabetes which accounts...
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...Diabetes In the questionnaire attached to this document, we are able to recognize the signs and symptoms that my case study receives and we can then compare it against the signs and symptoms the NHS believe people receive when they have diabetes. My case study explains that she has suffered with diabetes for quite some years and was diagnosed in 2004 a year after moving to the UK from Antigua. She explains the changes she had to make in order to reduce the symptoms of her diabetes and how she has managed in keeping up the lifestyle changes. She suffers from other illnesses also and some of the lifestyle changes have helped to reduce symptoms of the other illnesses also. Diabetes is caused by you having too much glucose in the blood. The blood glucose levels are regulated by the hormone insulin. My case study has Type 2 diabetes and the following information tells us how she may deal with it. Insulin is needed for moving glucose out of the blood and into the cells where it is broken down and used to produce energy. There are many different types of diabetes including: TYPE 1 (IDDM – Insulin Dependent Diabetes) This is when the body produces little or no insulin because the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. A lack of insulin causes the blood glucose level to become too high and the person to have a HYPERGLYCAEMIC attack. A HYPOGLYCAEMIC attack happens if the blood levels are too low i.e. too much insulin has been taken. TYPE 2 ...
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...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
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...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
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...Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper May 2, 2016 University of Phoenix NUR/408 Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper Diabetes has become a serious issue in our youth, even though the mortality rates have decreased over the years the rate is still too high. According to the CDC (2012), From 1968–1969 to 2008–2009, the death rate from diabetes among youths under the of 19 decreased 61%, from 2.69 per million to 1.05 per million. The death rate among youths under 10 years of age decreased 78%, from 1.80 per million to 0.39 per million, and the death rate among youths aged 10–19 years decreased 52%, from 3.56 per million to 1.71 per million (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2012). The seriousness of these statistics shows that diabetes is disease requiring significant attention in the youth population. Epidemiological studies are needed in order to direct healthcare in the youth population and to provide effective interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes amongst our youth. Definition and Purpose of Study The purpose of epidemiology is to study disease and as a tool of community health it performs this function through a series of steps: 1. Search for determinants – A search for causes and factors that influence public health such as disease or high risk behaviors such as drug use. 2. Study of events- Health-related states or events need to be studied such as chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child...
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...Juvenile Diabetes Research MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics June 2012 Throughout a twelve week period from June through August the researcher found that (diet, weight, lack of exercise, environment and family history) have little to no impact on individuals suffering from juvenile diabetes. Juvenile Diabetes is also called Type 1 diabetes while its causes are not yet entirely understood; scientists believe that both genetic factors and environmental triggers are involved. “The word "diabetes" is borrowed from the Greek word meaning "a siphon." The 2nd-century A.D. Greek physician, Aretus the Cappadocian, named the condition "diabetes." He explained that patients with it had polyuria and "passed water like a siphon (www.medterms.com)." Type 1 diabetes is when no insulin is produced at all because the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas have been destroyed. Currently scientist and researchers do not know why these cells have been damaged the most likely cause is the body having an abnormal reaction to the cells. There is nothing that you can do to prevent Type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes is always treated with insulin injections. Whereas type 2 can be controlled with oral medications, diet or exercise. When your child or someone you love and care about is diagnosed as Type 1 diabetic your whole world is turned upside down. I know my son was diagnosed right after his fifth birthday. There is no family...
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...Epidemiology Paper Tamika Swearingen NUR/ 408 December 1, 2014 Kimberly Oatman Epidemiology Paper The number of children diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, according to the CDC (2014), is about 208,000 people younger than 20 years in the United States alone. This includes those having been diagnosed diabetes type 1 or type 2. Diabetes has become more prevalent and there is no cure at this time. With the study of Epidemiology, there is hope for a decline of Diabetes and it dominance amongst the American children. In this paper, it will describe and define epidemiology and how it relates to diabetes. This paper will discuss the method and triangle of epidemiology along with the chosen vulnerable population and disease of diabetes in children. Definition of Epidemiology Epidemiology has been defined as “the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems” (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2012). Epidemiology can be described as a study that looks at certain specifics of the excess risk a disease and the rate or incidence of how it is affected. It focuses on the study of why and how it affects certain populations. Steps and Methods of Epidemiology Diabetic information can be gathered in many ways such as analyzing: routine data, research data ad epidemiological data. In Southern Nevada, health related...
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...Diabetes, breast cancer, and tuberculosis are three important health concerns issues in the United States and in other parts of the world, but let’s be clear about this, there are several other important health issues affecting our people that have very significant importance. My criterion for selection is the United State, English language, and no specific age group. Diabetes as we know is when the body fails to produce enough insulin, which then causes sugar to build up in your blood. Diabetes affects over 25.8 million people, which is 8.3% of the U.S population, of that 18.8million people are diagnosed and 7.0 million undiagnosed. Among U.S. residents aged 65 years and older 10.9 million, or 26.9%, had diabetes in 2010. About 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes (type 1 or type 2) in the United States in 2010. About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States. Type I diabetes was previously called insulin dependent mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type I diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the cells that produce insulin that regulates blood glucose. To survive, people with this type must have insulin delivered by injection or pump. This type normally strikes children and young adults, but may occur at any age according and type I diabetes accounts for 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors can be may be autoimmune, genetic, or environmental...
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...Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood resulting from the body's inability to produce insulin or resistance to insulin action, or both.[1] Out of all cases of diabetes, Type 1 diabetes represents 5% to 10%. Its risk factors include autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors. To be honest, there are no known approaches to prevent type 1 diabetes. The other 90% to 95% of all diagnosed diabetes cases is represented by Type 2 diabetes. This form of diabetes usually happens when the body is unable to produce enough insulin to address the resistance. The pancreas may reduce the production of insulin or eventually stop producing it.[2] In spite of the fact that the pathogenesis...
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...Discuss the current knowledge of the contribution of cellular and molecular components of the immune system to the pathology of type 1 diabetes Abstract An autoimmune disease resulting in insulin deficiency, Type 1 diabetes mellitus. There have been countless studies into its causes; there is still no solid answer. Previous studies strongly implicated Th1 cells to play a key role in the progression of type 1 diabetes, however, recent studies have been showing that this is inadequate to explain the pathology of the autoimmune disease Type 1 diabetes. In fact other constituents of the immune system are accountable; Th17 cells play a huge role in the cellular pathology of Type 1 diabetes. Introduction Type 1 Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease which results from faults in immune response thus activating self-destroying T cells working against beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas, causing a deficiency in insulin. Patients of Type 1 diabetes are required to inject insulin daily. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can occur at any age; however it is a chronic disease that is most common in childhood (Atkins et al. 2014.) Discoveries from epidemiological studies in humans with type 1 diabetes have shown that islet cell destruction goes through a number of stages (Campbell et al. 1990) the consequent low levels of insulin lead to higher levels of blood glucose. Common symptoms of this disease are frequent urination, increased thirst and weight gain. Before symptoms become...
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...TYPE 2 DIABETES 1 Type 2 diabetes TYPE II DIABETES MALLITUS 2 Abstract Diabetes mallitus is a disease in which there are high levels of blood sugar in affected individual. It is also called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus or Adult Onset Diabets. This disease results due to a defect in the functioning of insulin in the body. It can either be in a form of insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. Type II diabetes mallitus is a familial disease in some cases where it runs in families. In such cases, it is most commonly a result of weight gain. Obesity is a major risk factor for type II diabetes mallitus in those persons in whom there is a strong family history of diabetes. Normally, the blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dl are considered to be alarming and require confirmatory tests for diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes 3 CAUSES: Type II diabetes mallitus can either be a result of: 1. Insulin deficiency or 2. Insulin resistance. Insulin is basically required for metabolism of the blood glucose, When metabolised by insulin, the glucose is moved to its storage places in the cells and thus used as required. Insulin is produced by the islets of Langerhan’s in the pancreas. A defect in these cells results in a deficiency of insulin. Insulin resistance results due to a resistance...
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...Diabetes is a disease that involves a problem in hormone insulin. The causes of diabetes are determined by various factors such as obesity, genetic factors, lack of exercise and other related factors. Not all obese people are prone to diabetes, but it is a factor to consider. People should practice healthy lifestyles to avoid getting this disease (Bril, Franklin, Backonja, Cohen, Del Toro, & Zochodne, 2011). Most diabetes problems experienced in children is due to either genetic factors or poor eating habits. According to research, cases of diabetes seem to be increasing at a fast rate in America. Estimates also reveal that by the year 2030, the number of people living with diabetes will be double. Treatment procedure for diabetes as suggested...
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...Diabetes Case Study Diana Gallardo, Karen Joy, Brianna Herrera, Svetlana Knyazeva NUR/427 5/6/2013 Sara Gerrie RN, MSN, CPNP Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness affecting the metabolic and endocrine function of the body. Type 1 diabetes affects 5% to 10% of people with the disease, whereas type 2 diabetes affects nearly 90% to 95% of people with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008). An overview of the incidence of diabetes in the United States, signs and symptoms, and effects of diabetes as a chronic disease will be provided. The case study of Angelo Reyes, a 40-year-old White male living with type 1 diabetes will be used to implement teaching requirements with measurable learning objectives from Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains. The psychosocial challenges that Angelo Reyes encounters will also be discussed. According to Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, and Cheever (2010), the number of people with diabetes in the United States is 23 million with increasing rates of 1 million new diagnosed cases per year. This number is expected to exceed 30 million by 2030 (CDC, 2008). People older than 65 years old seem to have more intolerance to glucose and 40% of them account for the population with diabetes. Minority groups such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders are at higher risk for diabetes, complications associated with the disease, and high rates of disease related death (CDC, 2008)...
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...Epidemiology Paper According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, "[By 1993] death certificates listed diabetes as the fifth leading cause of death for Blacks aged 45 to 64, and the third leading cause of death for those aged 65 and older in 1990” (Bailey, 2007, p. 1). These statistics show how serious the problem of diabetes has become in the black community. Epidemiological studies can focus the efforts of the healthcare community to effective interventions aimed at lowering the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among African Americans. Epidemiology Paper Roles This paper will explore the role of epidemiology in the surveillance of the incidence of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of Americans of African descent. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle and levels of prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and purpose of epidemiology in epidemiology paper The definition of epidemiology is very important if one is to use the definition to describe its purpose. “A common definition of epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations” (Savitz, Poole, & Miller, 1999, p. 1159). A better description of epidemiology is the analysis of the incidence and spread of disease within populations, with the aim of establishing...
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