...has faced a battle like no other: the fight against chronic diseases. The burden of chronic diseases, particularly Type 2 Diabetes, has become especially prevalent as lifestyle shifts in poor diet and lack of physical activity are dominating urbanized communities.1 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic condition that affects the way the body process blood sugar.2 In this condition, the body’s cells are resistant to hormone insulin, which is responsible for allowing glucose to enter the cells to be used for energy.2 As a result, the individual has high blood sugar, which can lead to health problems such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.2 In the United States, 29.1 million adults are living with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.2 However, adults are not the only population affected by this disease; 208,000 children are currently living with diagnosed diabetes.2 The prevalence for children diagnosed with Type 2...
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...Clinical presentations Diabetes Mellitus and in our case type 2 diabetes often presents itself less dramatically in patients than many other conditions . This characteristic of the disease often results in patients overlooking their symptoms as they tend to develop gradually. Patients affected with diabetes mellitus type 2 may often exhibit the classic signs and symptoms for a longer duration as well as those with most commonly associated with hyperglycemia such as polyuria ,polydipsia and weight loss - which is more often seen in type 1 diabetics. Whilst type 2 diabetics less often experience vague manifestations of their condition such fatigue, weight gain and frequent vaginal yeast infections. Further development of the DMT2 often results in changes that influence both the visual and sensational systems within the body. We were able to detect our patient Mrs. X's clinical presentations after subjecting her to a general examination and special investigations which included taking a blood...
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...consultations. But, we are still struggling with numbers. There are not enough doctors and other para medical staffs to meet the growing number of patients. One way of dealing such problem is to educate the patients so that they can self mange their disease or conditions. It can only happen when they have knowledge about the disease they are suffering from.. In this essay, the client or the subject of study is a person suffering from type II diabetes. So what is diabetes education? It is all about assisting the client, their family and their care takers to gain knowledge about the disease, and empower them with skills and motivation power that will help in self management of the disease. This provides them with certain knowledge of what to do, when to do, how to do, and when to seek the help of a professional health practioner? The next question in this field which emerge is who can be an educator? Those persons who are recognized by the medical council of the respective countries are eligible for providing education to the patient. A person must seek diabetes education when he/she being diagnosed with any type of diabetes, need of monitoring blood glucose level at home, difficulty to access the facilities , insulin therapy starting, hospitalization situation comes frequently etc. There are many other...
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...Diabetes is a struggle within the body that leads blood sugar levels to go up more than normal. Which is often referred to as hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is the most common one out of the two. Type 2 diabetes makes the body be unable to use insulin as expected. Originally, the pancreas of an affected person produces extra insulin to cover up for it (Diabetes Industry Group, 2007). Nevertheless, as time passes, the pancreas is unable to produce adequate insulin to preserve the required blood sugar at the normal level. In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 95 percent of all diagnosed reports of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is increasing globally on a daily basis. According to a report released by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), as of 2013, there are over 382 million individuals living with this illness. WHO (World Health Organization) approximates that 90 percent of the universal population suffers from diabetes suffers from type 2 diabetes (Cilenšek, Krkovič, Osredkar & Petrovič, 2008). Yet, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes differs widely in relation to age, ethnicity, state, and country. This background observes type 2 diabetes in the US in contrast to other countries and Florida as compared to other states. It also appraises the cost of treating T2D and the steps involved in treating it. The essay winds up by suggesting the best treatment option that should be adopted by the diagnosed people. As mentioned, millions of people suffer from type 2 diabetes...
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...Diabetes and Adolescence Christian Minaxi Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V February 15, 2013 Diabetes and Adolescence Article First Guo, Jia ; Whittemore, Robin ; He, Guo-Ping (2011).The relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: an integrative review. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/ehost/detail?vid=8&sid=feb187e3-959a-463b-b132-6fdc0a76dfec%40sessionmgr12&hid=5&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY Abstract: guo j., whittemore r. & he g.-p. (2011) The relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(11), 2294-2310. Abstract Aims. The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes and to explore factors which affect this relationship. Background. In the past 15 years, research has indicated that youth with type 1 diabetes face considerable self-management challenges and are at increased risk for poor metabolic control. To enhance the development of behavioral interventions for youth with type 1 diabetes, the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control needs to be more clearly elucidated. Data Sources. Research studies that examined the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes were...
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...symptoms are Comparing and Contrasting of Hypertension and Diabetes Did you know that in the United States, 17 million people suffer from diabetes and 50 million people suffer from hypertension. Like diabetes, hypertension millions of people don’t know that they have it. In this essay I will discuss the cause, symptoms, complication and treatment in which hypertension and diabetes are alike and how they differ. I will start by saying hypertension and diabetes can be compared and contrasted according to their causes. There are two types of hypertension: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is high blood pressure for which no cause can be found, but secondary hypertension has definite causes (Segen, 1992). The heart pumps blood through the body’s arteries to all parts of the body. At the time when the blood vessel become narrow, the flow of blood trough them will be harder, so the blood will exert the wall vessels and increase the pressure in them. Diabetes is similarly is that it also has two types. Type 1 diabetes is one type that occurs because of the failure of making the hormone called insulin by the pancreas. The other type is type 2 diabetes that is due to failure of using insulin by the body; in other words, diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce or use insulin. There are environmental and genetic factors that play a role in causing hypertension and diabetes. First, environmental factors are obesity, smoking, and lack...
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...REFLECTION INTRODUCTION The essence of this essay is to reflect on my 'lived' personal experience as a newly diagnosed patient with type II Diabetes. The author's assignment was to pretend to have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. As part of this exercise, the author was to maintain a record of exercise, food, and a regular blood sugar monitoring regime on daily basis. This reflection seeks to highlight the impact, experience and changes that occurred in the author's 'lived lifestyle of a patient with type II diabetes' and will include reference to current literature, research, theories and best practice. The author would explain the changes that occurred in her life and how experiencing type two diabetes has helped her to understand the challenges patients undergo in relation to their daily routine of monitoring their blood sugar levels. The author will explain how her 'lived experience' would help her understand and provide the necessary support for people with diabetes in the future. BACKGROUND INFORMATION I am a female non-smoker of African descent. I am married with two children aged 13 and 21. My thirteen-year old daughter currently lives with me in New Zealand. I am of an average height of about 163cm and weigh 80kg which signifies an unhealthy BMI of 30.1 (Health Information for New Zealanders, (n.d.) BMI Calculator section) I am currently out of job and often depressed as a result of my inactivity. I have a normal blood pressure of 136/78 and my pulse rate...
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...Contents: | Page: | 1. | Cover page | 1 | 2. | Contents page | 2 | 3. | Introduction | 3 | 4. | Case Study | 3 | 5. | Conclusion | 6 | 6. | References | 7 | Introduction For this summative report, I will reflect upon an aspect of my professional practice on the care with particular patient I nursed recently. Reflection is important. According to Greenwood (2001), it is the process of creating and clarifying the meaning of experience in terms of self in relation to self and also to the world. For the purpose of the reflection, this essay shall be written in the first person. In accordance with the NMC (2002) code of professional conduct, confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been replaced to protect identity. Case Study Janet is a 67 year-old lady admitted a week ago for chest infection. We also discovered that Janet had developed a mild form of Type II diabetes mellitus from the levels of sugar in her urine and her blood sugar levels were mildly elevated. Soon after she responded to the treatment, we...
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... Diabetes and Depression The association between depression and diabetes has been recognized for many years, but the nature of this relationship remains uncertain, not only is depression one of the worst illnesses known to humankind, it is also implicated in another major chronic disease in humankind-diabetes. The relationship is attributed to a variety of mechanisms but the causal relationship between these illnesses, its direction, and underlying mechanisms, remain unclear (Golden et al., 2008). Depression is common in patients with common medical conditions, it can strike anyone, and it is one of the most comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with diabetes, and has an impact on treatment and prognosis. The rigors of managing diabetes can be stressful and can lead to symptoms of depression, at any given time, most people with diabetes do not have depression, but people with diabetes have a greater risk of depression, than people without diabetes. Just like denial, depression can get patients into a vicious cycle, and it can block good diabetes self care if someone is depressed, and has no energy, as most of the diabetes management are not automatic body functions but requires conscious actions (Watkins & Brynes, 2007). People with severe diabetes, can have slow and painful execution, extending over years and decades , and depressive symptoms can develop but it is also still unclear whether type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a risk factor...
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...Personal Impact of Diabetes Trisha N427/UOP January 16, 2012 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011), there are 25.8 million people affected by Diabetes which is “8.3% of the U.S. population”. Diabetes is the number one “cause of kidney failure, nontraumatic lower-limb amputations, and blindness among adults in the United States”. Also, “it is a major cause of heart disease and stroke” as well as “the seventh leading cause of death in the United States”. Diabetes impacts a person’s life in many ways. This paper describes a patient’s experience and impact of diabetes on her life. One of the patients I had who suffered from this disease was Mrs. D, a 56 y-o Vietnamese female diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II 10 years ago. Her blood sugar in the last six months ranges from 43 to 352mg/dl. Currently she lives with her husband who is also diagnosed with DM type II and other comorbidities. Due to the severity of the disease, Mrs. D needs Lantus injection 30 units daily and Humulin R in which doses depends on a sliding scale. She often experiences episodes of hypoglycemia in the early morning and hyperglycemia later in the day. She comes to our Adult Day care to have her blood sugar checked, and to have insulin injected daily. Due to the disease process, Mrs. D has poor dexterity to manipulate a glucometer and insulin pen. She also complains of poor vision in both eyes even with bifocal glasses. She was unable to read the small...
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...video games and watching television for hours at a time and choosing not to take time to be physically active is not a reason alone that depreciates the health of each individual; this also includes their eating habits. Readily available foods such as junk food, processed canned food and fast foods also assist in the reduction of each individual’s health. The consumptions of these unhealthy foods and the decrease in physical activity pose risks on the human body, increasing their chances of developing diseases and illness. According to the Journal of School Health a study was conducted regarding the risks for developing type 2 diabetes in school aged children, it concluded that “Children who reported watching TV/playing video games 2 or more hours/day were 73% more likely to be at risk” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca, 2006) ] for developing type 2 diabetes. The study also concluded that “...There is a need to apply screening strategies that guide the development of appropriate primary prevention efforts” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca,...
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...Disease in the News Brittney Johnson HCS/245 November 14, 2012 Vernita Kelley Disease in the News The article that the author of this paper chose was focus of this Disease in the News article is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A review of Current Trends by Oman Medical Journal. The article explains what the disease is, what causes the disease, the epidemiology of the disease, how the disease is detected and diagnosisdiagnosed, and the treatments that are available. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder where the body does not produce enough insulininsulin; and it is one of the oldest diseases known. The prevalence of this disease has been steadily increasing steadily globally which means the disease is spreading even more now amongst the world. The article states some of the treatments include the correct screening and diagnosis, diabetic medications, and through promotion of a healthy lifestyle. One of the The first steps in diagnosing diabetes would be is to have a doctor run tests to make suredetermine if a patient is diabetic or not,; if tests come back positive than the next step to diagnosis the patient with what type of diabetes. The doctor can prescribe medications including insulin if acceptable to help control the disease. Recommendations for controlling the disease include The patient would havelifestyle changes to change their lifestyle such as by eating healthier, exercisinge, no smoking, moderate consumption of alcohol, and takinge the appropriate...
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...Diabetes: Types, Risk Factors and Treatments Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical disorders. Diabetes occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that oppose the action of insulin (Watkins 1). Clark explains that insulin is a hormone that is used to convert sugar and other food into energy. It is the body’s means of lowering blood sugar levels and when it fails, everything is out of balance (3). Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells for the body to use for energy. In order to have a better understanding of diabetes, it is important to know the types, risk factors and treatments. To begin with, there are actually three different types of diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2 are the most common. Gestational diabetes, which is only diagnosed during pregnancy, will not be discussed here. The clinical symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, unusual thirst, blurred vision, bruises that are slow to heal, fatigue and numbness of the hands and feet. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas (Tuch, Dunlop and Proietto 43). Simply put, when the cells are destroyed, the body does not produce insulin. Previously known as insulin dependent diabetes it is also referred to as juvenile diabetes since it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It affects around 15% of all people...
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...The Research Process HCS/465 November 2, 2012 The Research Process In the research process, many questions must be answered to provide validity in the article being read. Evaluating quantitative research and qualitative research is the beginning of the process. Supporting evidence is a way to validate the creditability of the content read. Three types of literature typically reviewed are theoretical literature, empirical literature, and the use of primary and secondary sources. The hypothesis must be stated in the article and must be categorized as null, directional, or research based. The hypothesis statement must contain variables. Variables in the content of research can be defined as confounding variables, environmental variables, and demographic variables. Sampling is also used to collect data for research. With the above taken into consideration, this paper will evaluate a journal article based on diabetes and reproductive health in women. The Problem with Diabetes and Procreation In this journal article, the main problem or objective the study was conducted to resolve is to seek knowledge for health care professionals on how to administer appropriate advice to women with diabetes concerning reproductive health. This topic is important for health care professionals to study because giving appropriate advice concerning reproduction and making informed decisions between the patient and the health care professional. The purpose of this...
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...1. What is Diabetes? How important is it as a disease in the US? There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes means that the body does not produce insulin. This is something that you are born with and is usually diagnosed when you are a child or young adult. Only 5% of people with this diabetes have this type. Type 2 diabetes is when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes as it affects millions of Americans. 2. What are the major complications associates with diabetes? Diabetes has a lot of complications and can be classified in micro vascular and macro vascular diseases. Micro vascular complications include nerve damage, kidney disease and vision disorders. Macro vascular complications include heart disease, stroke and peripheral disease. Other complications include impotence, infections, metabolic difficulties and pregnancy problems. 3. What are glycated proteins? Glycated protein also known as Advanced Glycation Products or AGP is a measure of non-enzymatic glycation (adding sugars) of protein in the circulation. The main circulating protein is albumin which contributes heavily to the result. Since the ½ life of albumin is a few days, the glycated protein measures the average serum glucose over the preceding 2-3 weeks. 4. How are glycated proteins involved in the development of the complications of diabetes? Glycation (defined as sugar molecules reacting...
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