...has an impact on treatment and prognosis. The rigors of managing diabetes can be stressful and can lead to symptoms of depression, at any given time, most people with diabetes do not have depression, but people with diabetes have a greater risk of depression, than people without diabetes. Just like denial, depression can get patients into a vicious cycle, and it can block good diabetes self care if someone is depressed, and has no energy, as most of the diabetes management are not automatic body functions but requires conscious actions (Watkins & Brynes, 2007). People with severe diabetes, can have slow and painful execution, extending over years and decades , and depressive symptoms can develop but it is also still unclear whether type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a risk factor for these elevated depression symptoms (Golden et al.,2008) Diabetes with major depression whether a cause and effect, the combination can be deadly....
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...States”. Diabetes impacts a person’s life in many ways. This paper describes a patient’s experience and impact of diabetes on her life. One of the patients I had who suffered from this disease was Mrs. D, a 56 y-o Vietnamese female diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II 10 years ago. Her blood sugar in the last six months ranges from 43 to 352mg/dl. Currently she lives with her husband who is also diagnosed with DM type II and other comorbidities. Due to the severity of the disease, Mrs. D needs Lantus injection 30 units daily and Humulin R in which doses depends on a sliding scale. She often experiences episodes of hypoglycemia in the early morning and hyperglycemia later in the day. She comes to our Adult Day care to have her blood sugar checked, and to have insulin injected daily. Due to the disease process, Mrs. D has poor dexterity to manipulate a glucometer and insulin pen. She also complains of poor vision in both eyes even with bifocal glasses. She was unable to read the small print on the medication bottle,which puts her at risk for medication overdose or underdose. Mrs. D expresses that the disease process has a huge impact on her life. Her primary care physician put her on insulin about 2 months ago due to uncontrolled hypo/hyperglycemia. I have been taking care of Mrs. D during the past three months and put her on non-compliance patient list. She has never...
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...participate in video games and watching television for hours at a time and choosing not to take time to be physically active is not a reason alone that depreciates the health of each individual; this also includes their eating habits. Readily available foods such as junk food, processed canned food and fast foods also assist in the reduction of each individual’s health. The consumptions of these unhealthy foods and the decrease in physical activity pose risks on the human body, increasing their chances of developing diseases and illness. According to the Journal of School Health a study was conducted regarding the risks for developing type 2 diabetes in school aged children, it concluded that “Children who reported watching TV/playing video games 2 or more hours/day were 73% more likely to be at risk” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca, 2006) ] for developing type 2 diabetes. The study also concluded that “...There is a need to apply screening strategies that guide the development of appropriate primary prevention efforts” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca,...
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...Disease in the News Brittney Johnson HCS/245 November 14, 2012 Vernita Kelley Disease in the News The article that the author of this paper chose was focus of this Disease in the News article is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A review of Current Trends by Oman Medical Journal. The article explains what the disease is, what causes the disease, the epidemiology of the disease, how the disease is detected and diagnosisdiagnosed, and the treatments that are available. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder where the body does not produce enough insulininsulin; and it is one of the oldest diseases known. The prevalence of this disease has been steadily increasing steadily globally which means the disease is spreading even more now amongst the world. The article states some of the treatments include the correct screening and diagnosis, diabetic medications, and through promotion of a healthy lifestyle. One of the The first steps in diagnosing diabetes would be is to have a doctor run tests to make suredetermine if a patient is diabetic or not,; if tests come back positive than the next step to diagnosis the patient with what type of diabetes. The doctor can prescribe medications including insulin if acceptable to help control the disease. Recommendations for controlling the disease include The patient would havelifestyle changes to change their lifestyle such as by eating healthier, exercisinge, no smoking, moderate consumption of alcohol, and takinge the appropriate...
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...Diabetes: Types, Risk Factors and Treatments Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical disorders. Diabetes occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that oppose the action of insulin (Watkins 1). Clark explains that insulin is a hormone that is used to convert sugar and other food into energy. It is the body’s means of lowering blood sugar levels and when it fails, everything is out of balance (3). Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells for the body to use for energy. In order to have a better understanding of diabetes, it is important to know the types, risk factors and treatments. To begin with, there are actually three different types of diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2 are the most common. Gestational diabetes, which is only diagnosed during pregnancy, will not be discussed here. The clinical symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, unusual thirst, blurred vision, bruises that are slow to heal, fatigue and numbness of the hands and feet. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas (Tuch, Dunlop and Proietto 43). Simply put, when the cells are destroyed, the body does not produce insulin. Previously known as insulin dependent diabetes it is also referred to as juvenile diabetes since it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It affects around 15% of all people...
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...The Research Process HCS/465 November 2, 2012 The Research Process In the research process, many questions must be answered to provide validity in the article being read. Evaluating quantitative research and qualitative research is the beginning of the process. Supporting evidence is a way to validate the creditability of the content read. Three types of literature typically reviewed are theoretical literature, empirical literature, and the use of primary and secondary sources. The hypothesis must be stated in the article and must be categorized as null, directional, or research based. The hypothesis statement must contain variables. Variables in the content of research can be defined as confounding variables, environmental variables, and demographic variables. Sampling is also used to collect data for research. With the above taken into consideration, this paper will evaluate a journal article based on diabetes and reproductive health in women. The Problem with Diabetes and Procreation In this journal article, the main problem or objective the study was conducted to resolve is to seek knowledge for health care professionals on how to administer appropriate advice to women with diabetes concerning reproductive health. This topic is important for health care professionals to study because giving appropriate advice concerning reproduction and making informed decisions between the patient and the health care professional. The purpose of this...
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...1. What is Diabetes? How important is it as a disease in the US? There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes means that the body does not produce insulin. This is something that you are born with and is usually diagnosed when you are a child or young adult. Only 5% of people with this diabetes have this type. Type 2 diabetes is when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes as it affects millions of Americans. 2. What are the major complications associates with diabetes? Diabetes has a lot of complications and can be classified in micro vascular and macro vascular diseases. Micro vascular complications include nerve damage, kidney disease and vision disorders. Macro vascular complications include heart disease, stroke and peripheral disease. Other complications include impotence, infections, metabolic difficulties and pregnancy problems. 3. What are glycated proteins? Glycated protein also known as Advanced Glycation Products or AGP is a measure of non-enzymatic glycation (adding sugars) of protein in the circulation. The main circulating protein is albumin which contributes heavily to the result. Since the ½ life of albumin is a few days, the glycated protein measures the average serum glucose over the preceding 2-3 weeks. 4. How are glycated proteins involved in the development of the complications of diabetes? Glycation (defined as sugar molecules reacting...
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...Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Address correspondence to: Gerald I. Shulman, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 254C Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. Phone: (203) 785-5447; Fax: (203) 737-4059; E-mail: gerald.shulman@yale.edu. It is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be approximately 250 million people affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide (1). Although the primary factors causing this disease are unknown, it is clear that insulin resistance plays a major role in its development. Evidence for this comes from (a) the presence of insulin resistance 10–20 years before the onset of the disease (2, 3); (b) cross-sectional studies demonstrating that insulin resistance is a consistent finding in patients with type 2 diabetes (3–6); and (c) prospective studies demonstrating that insulin resistance is the best predictor of whether or not an individual will later become diabetic (2, 3). Here, I focus on some recent advances in our understanding of human insulin resistance that have been made using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This technique takes advantage of the spin properties of the nuclei of certain isotopes, such as 1H, 13C, and 31P, which endow the isotopes with a magnetic component that can be used to measure the concentration of intracellular metabolites noninvasively and to assess biochemical differences between...
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...there are so many people in this society living with diabetes and does not know they have it or just do not want to take this disease very seriously. Diabetes mellitus is a disease, which affects the glucose level in the blood, whether it is too high or too low, can cause harm to the body. There are three types of diabetes: type I, which is also know as juvenile diabetes that affects most children and young adults have to take an insulin injection everyday to regulate the glucose level. Type II or adult onset diabetes, which is more serious and develops when the body cannot function to make the required amount of insulin, which is diagnosed mostly in would find affecting more adults. In this case the patient has to take both insulin injections and medication by mouth to help regulate the amount of glucose or sugar the body produces, there is gestational diabetes, which affects only pregnant women, no matter the culture of the mother and if the diabetes is not monitored closely in a pregnant woman or taken under control it can be transferred onto the mother’s unborn child. If a mother develops gestational diabetes during pregnancy, it is said that the mother can develop type II diabetes later in life. Diabetes is a very serious disease, if not taken care of can cause severe side effects, kidney failure, amputations and also be very fatal whereas sending the patient into what is called a diabetic coma and in most cases result in death. It is said that African Americans, Hispanic...
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... The breast milk provides numerous health benefits to both mother and baby. The advantages include: health, nutritional, immunologic, developmental, psychological, social, economic, and environmental benefits. Breastfeeding is not just a process that a mother has to go through. It is the first relationship an infant will encounter. The Need Breastfeeding is highly nutritional, protects from various infectious diseases, decreases rates of sudden infant death syndrome, reduction in insulin dependent (type 1) and non-insulin-dependent (type 2 diabetes mellitus), lymphoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin disease, overweight, and obesity. Contraindications According to the Center Disease Control and Prevention breastfeeding is not advisable if one or more of the following conditions are true: The infant whose mother has been infected with HIV, taking antiretroviral medications, has untreated active tuberculosis, is infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II, is using or is dependent on an illicit drug, is taking prescribed cancer chemotherapy agents, or undergoing radiation treatment (CDC). However, some conditions that are not contraindications to breastfeeding include hepatitis B surface...
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...taken the inicitive and enforced policies to ban or replace certain foods and beverages in vending machines with more health options. Snack machines are filled with junk food, which causes and triggers many problems such as, diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Since snack machines could possibly cause so many fatal problems, why don’t we just eliminate the problem by removing snack machines from schools. If more schools would follow behind Arkansas, the potential problems could be decreased. Approximately 215,000 people under the age of 20 years old have been diagnosed with diabetes, whether it be type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. Between the years of 2002 and 2005, 15,600 children and adolescents were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes , and 3,600 children and adolescents were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Snack machines are filled with foods that are high in sugar and could be potentially fatal to a child or adolescent by causing a jump in their blood sugar. A jump in blood sugar can cause very serious injury and even worse, death. The smartest thing to do would be to remove snack machines from all schools to prevent this from happening. Between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese. Obesity is a body weight that is much greater than what is...
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...community are seeing its effects on the economy. The exorbitant costs associated with diabetes and complications of diabetes have hit an all-time high. “The total cost of diabetes and its complications, along with gestational diabetes and prediabetes, was estimated to be $218 billion in 2007.” (Anderson, Riley & Everette 2012) Healthcare professionals and diabetes advocates alike have begun pushing policymakers to recognize and take action with regard to focusing on the prevention of type 2 diabetes to slow down these costly trends. Clinical Trial The Diabetes Prevention Program (DDP) is a landmark National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases clinical trial which provided the best evidence indicating individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes can prevent or delay the onset of the disease. The DDP was a major randomized trial that had the one simple goal, “to determine whether modest weight loss and physical activity could prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes.” (Anderson, Riley & Everette 2012) The subjects were categorized randomly into the Metformin group and the Lifestyle group. It was the Lifestyle group that showed the greatest success. Results1 The Lifestyle group participated in an extremely costly program that consisted of intensive one to one behavior modification training classes along with nutrition courses that encouraged healthy, low fat and low calorie meals, they also participated...
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...started experiencing severe pain around his shoulder although he usually experience pains in his joints because of arthritis, after the fourth day his pain escalated to the point where he could not hold it any longer and started having a temperature of 103, therefore he decided to go to the emergency room. Mr. JP arrived to the emergency room complaining of joint pain in his left shoulder region and fever. The ER Physician’s diagnosis was, “Pain joint, shoulder region, left septic arthritis, bacteremia.” The physician decided to admit him for a few days and treat his infection and avoid any further complication. Mr. JP was ordered to be in contact isolation for the protection of him and others. His past medical history are significant for Type II diabetes which he was diagnose at the age of 48, follow with hypertension, glaucoma, CHF, arthritis, Neurogenic bladder, Carotid artery disease, COPD, Urinary obstruction, Mixed hyperlipidemia, chronic anemia, Gangrene of toe and Gout. Analysis of the individual Variables’ influence on Medications There are many factors that can affect when prescribing a medication to a client such as age, sex, genetic diseases, culture, ethnicity, allergy, health belief and use alternative therapies/herbal supplement. In the following paragraphs we will analyze factors that can affect Mr. JP and the medications he is presently taking, however due to that fact that Mr. JP has an extended list of medication I will be only using five top drugs that...
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...evolution of genetics. Youth serum for real? Youth serum is a fountain of youth that found within the body of a teenager, this breakthrough will help the old ones to be immune from certain diseases. After using this serum the old ones can do more things than they wanted to do and it is both beneficial for both teenagers and elders. I am happy that teenagers like me will help our old man to do some adventures with us. Cell that might cure diabetes This is an incredibly exciting time in diabetes research. In past, we only had one promising approach to find a cure for patients with type 1 diabetes. Now we have several possibilities related to a cure and even preventions, both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We are now focusing on ways to understand this immune attack to find safe ways to block it. There are several ongoing studies using our knowledge of immunology to try to prevent type 1 diabetes. This research might contain a lead to cure not...
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...com/diabetes/guide/ type-1-diabetes What is it? Do I have it? What do I do? What happens now?? What are the Symptoms? Do I have it? Some Common Symptoms of Diabetes are: What is Type 1 Diabetes? In order to Explain what Diabetes is, you would first need to understand the what insulin is and what its’ role in your body is. You see, when you eat, your body turns the food into sugars/glucose. At which point, your pancreas is supposed to release what is called insulin. Insulin serves as a sort of “key” to open the cells in your body, in order to allow the glucose to enter -- which allows you to use the glucose for energy. That is needed in your day to day life. But when you have diabetes, this system doesn’t work. And you are left with having to physically insert insulin into your body. Urinating Often throughout the day Unquenchable Thirst Unquenchable Hunger Extremely fatigued Some blurry vision Slowly healing bruises or cuts Losing weight without reason Understanding Diabetes Diabetes is a growing Epidemic that kills more Americans each year than AIDS and Breast Cancer combined. Contrary to popular belief, Diabetes is NOT caused by eating too much sugar. Type 1 Diabetes is actually caused by a persons genetics. Type 1 diabetes is normally diagnosed in children and young adults, and sometimes is also known as juvenile diabetes. Only about 5% of people with diabetes have this type of the disease...
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