...(Physical or digital). • 1 pack of Oreo (or sandwich cookie). • 1 plastic bag (Ziploc or lunch bag) • Real rock samples (named) (This is going to be provided by the professor). The objective of this activity is the following: 1. Know the 3 main layers of the Earth (Crust, Mantle, Core). 2. The Creation of the mountains by movement in Earth's crust. 3. Plate tectonics movements. 4. Learn the rock cycle. You are going to need your Globe and some M&Ms for the following activity: Look at you're globe and think about the different layer of the Earth. While discussing them with your team. Now take an M&M and bite it in half in order to answer the following questions:...
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...Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are very complex rocks that give us information on our past. Distinguishable characteristics such as color, size, and rounding of the sediments tell scientists about the environment that was once there long ago. How are the sediments formed to preserve this archive of our past? The system of how a rock is formed from sediment is complex and can occur without even knowing. The first step is the sediment. Sediments are tiny particles that are shaved off of rocks, soil, and other solid objects by a fluid source. These sources can include wind, water, and ice. In order to break down this process, the types of sediments must be introduced. Clastic Sediment Clastic sediment is formed from rock and mineral debris as a result of weathering and erosion. The clasts come in a variety of sizes and this is how they are classified. The biggest of the clasts is gravel. Gravel is classified as sediment with pea-sized or larger particles. When gravel becomes compacted and forms a rock, it is known as a conglomerate. The next type of clast is sand. Sand sediments are smaller than gravel, usually the size of a pinhead. When sand hardens, it forms a rock known as sandstone. Getting even smaller is silt. Silt is around the size of a grain of salt. Silt can form into siltstone once compacted and hardened. Finally, there is clay. Clay can be the size of flour particles, or even smaller. Mudstone or shale is the result of rock formation. Another type of sediment...
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...Use the following table to compare extrusive and intrusive rocks. Describe and compare each type in at least 150 words. Extrusive Rock Intrusive Rock Extrusive igneous rocks are formed at the crust's surface as a result of the partial melting of rocks within the mantle and crust. Extrusive Igneous rocks cool and solidify quicker than intrusive igneous rocks. When lava is exposed to the atmosphere or water outside of the earth, this causes the lava to cool very rapidly in comparison to intrusive rocks. This rapid cooling does not allow the rock time to form large crystals in the way that intrusive rocks do. Extrusive rocks have a fine-grained texture known to geologists as aphanitic, because the mineral crystals present within the rock are very small. It is much more difficult to distinguish between the different types of extrusive igneous rocks than between different types of intrusive igneous rocks because the minerals are mostly fine-grained. Examples of extrusive igneous rocks are basalt and obsidian. Rhyolite is the extrusive counterpart of granite due to its high silica concentration, but fine-grained texture. One form of igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, derives directly from magma and solidifies within the earth. Since intrusive rocks are within the earth, they cool very slowly, taking anywhere from thousands to millions of years to cool enough to completely solidify. The cooling rate of intrusive rocks enables the crystals to form that are visible to the naked...
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...All about Sedimentary Rocks Zakk Wylde SCI/245 January 30, 2011 Stephen Hallin The changing plate interactions and shifting plate junctures, helps us to understand the sedimentary basins. Although plate tectonics is mostly about the horizontal movements of the lithosphere, it also involves large vertical movements which accounts for changes of the crust thickness. Thick sedimentation has to have an initial depression or progressive subsidence to proceed; the auxiliary vertical movements are what mostly control the sedimentary basins (how they evolve). Geographic changes related to the governing horizontal movements also affect patterns of sedimentation strongly. Therefore, sedimentation can be viewed as the result of a succession of discrete plate tectonic settings, and plate interactions whose effects blend into a continuum of development. Sedimentary rocks are composed from deposits of material worn away from pre-existing rocks. “The word sedimentary comes from the Latin word sedimentum, which means settling. They come from the cementation of sediments that result from the erosion of older rocks. The characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is their stratification or layering. Examples of sedimentary rock include; chalk, coal, limestone, sandstone...
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...Worksheet Use the following table to compare extrusive and intrusive rocks. Describe and compare each type in at least 150 words. |Extrusive Rock |Intrusive Rock | |Extrusive rocks are formed from lava and form outside of the |One form of igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, derives directly from| |earth. When lava is exposed to the atmosphere or water outside of|magma and solidifies within the earth. Since intrusive rocks are | |the earth, this causes the lava to cool very rapidly in |within the earth, they cool very slowly taking anywhere from | |comparison to intrusive rocks. This rapid cooling does not allow |thousands to millions of years to cool enough to completely | |the rock time to form large crystals in the way that intrusive |solidify. The cooling rate of intrusive rocks enables the | |rocks do. Extrusive rocks have a fine-grained texture known to |crystals to form that are visible to the naked eye, which gives | |geologists as aphanitic, because the mineral crystals present |them a coarse grain compared to extrusive rocks. This visible | |within the rock are very small. Examples of extrusive igneous |grain is called a phaneritic texture. Granite is one example of | |rocks are basalt and obsidian |an intrusive igneous rock. | | ...
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...would you say if I said the main rock can change into different forms?” This time all the kids in the room started cheering and whistling. I grabbed the book off the table and sat down in the old wooden rocking chair and began to read. “Iggy Super’s Journey Through the Rock Cycle.” I read, “By: Doris Storywriter.” “Hurry!” she screamed. There was a huge storm coming and Iggy the Igneous Rock needed to get to shelter. One of the kids in the back row raised his hand. “What can I help you with?” I...
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...Material History of Rock Worksheet Leah Bechtel 12/09/2012 SCI/245 Robert Dillon Write a 500- to 750-word explanation regarding the role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rocks. The role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rock is extremely important. Igneous rock is formed from magma that reaches the continental and oceanic crust or through hot spots that are around the world. There are three different places where igneous rocks can form; where the lithospheric plates pull apart at mid ocean ridges, where plates come together at seduction zones, and where continental crust is pushed together making the crust thicker and allowing it to heat to a melting point. The word igneous comes from the Latin word for fire, igneous rocks start off as a hot, fluid material which is usually erupted from the Earth’s surface as lava, or magma at shallow depths or deep depths. Magma is a mush like material that can carry a load of minerals, but people often think of lava and magma as a liquid like material of molten metals. The three types of igneous rocks are extrusive, intrusive and platonic rocks. Extrusive rocks are rocks that form and cool on the crust of the Earth whether it is on the continental crust or the oceanic crust. Extrusive rocks cool quickly, within a few seconds to months and they have invisible or very small grains; extrusive rocks have an aphanitic texture. Intrusive rocks are rocks that form within already existing rocks causing sills and dikes...
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...BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT NUMBER RR 99–03 BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 3 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks C R Hallsworth and R W O’B Knox Subject index Bibliographical Reference Rock classification, sediments and sedimentary rocks Hallsworth, C R, and Knox, R W O’B. 1999 BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 3 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR 99–03. © NERC Copyright 1999 British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG UK HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT u The general pagination is designed for hard copy use and does not correspond to PDF thumbnail pagination. u The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. u In addition, the report contains links: 1 from the principal section and sub-section headings back to the contents page, 1 from each reference to a figure or table directly to the corresponding figure or table, 1 from each figure or table caption to the first place that figure or table is mentioned in the text and 1 from each page number back to the contents page. Return to contents page Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Principles of this classification 1.2 Summary of the structure and development of the classification scheme 1...
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...Rock Report Exercise Due Date: 4/1/2014 Name: Rianne Richter Class: 1121k Grade: /35 After you have finished Lab Exercises 4, 5, and 7, complete the following questions. You may have to refer to the exercises for assistance to locate specific answers. 1. Match the rock type with the correct statement describing its formation. (3 point). ❖ Found where the atmosphere or liquid water causes erosion and movement of rock pieces. Metamorphic Formation ❖ Found mostly near convergent tectonic plate boundaries where the P/T condition can be very high. Sedimentary Formation ❖ Found in places where the interior is so hot that rock melts and tehn cools again to form new rock. Igneous Formation 2. List the texture and mineral composition of each of the following rocks. (5 points). Granite: Schistosity; Quartz, K-feldspars, biotite. Marble: Non-foliated; Calcite. Sandstone: Clastic; Quartz, feldspare. Gneiss: Compositional Banding; Diorite or granite. Shale: Layered, fine-grained; Quartz. 3. Where would you expect to find the coarser textured igneous rocks, in a laccolith or in a lava flow? Why? (2 points) A laccolith, because rocks that are found in a lava flow cool too fast to form course faces. 4. Which of...
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... AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks are in order to make it easier on people to confirm them in the future. This can be done in a numerous ways. Each rock type has their own specific ways, but there are two different aspect that apply to all. The particular and composition. These two, before with some others help to classify igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The First Group is Igneous rocks are historical first by construction. This is broken down mainly into grain size. First there are intrusive, or plutonic igneous rocks. These types of rocks cool within the crust and form large, visible crystals. The opposite would be extrusive, or volcanic rocks. “These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive”. Types of Extrusive Rocks Basalt is normally a dense, dark, massive rocks, high in calcium and iron magnesium- bearing minerals and low in quartz content. Andesite is an extrusive rock intermediate in composition between rhyolite and basalt. Andesite lava is of moderate viscosity and forms thick lava flows and domes. Rhyolite is a felsic extrusive rock. Due to the high silica content, rhyolite lava is very viscous. It flows slowly, like tooth paste squeezed out of a tube, and tends to pile up and form lava domes. Intrusive igneous rocks are made from silica and plagioclase. They tend to be grays and browns in color. And then, felsic rocks are light in color and contains with some amphibole and biotitew. Granite is an igneous rock composed mostly of...
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...Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word "Igneus" meaning of fire, from "Ignis" meaning fire) is one of the three main rock types (the others being sedimentary and metamorphic rock). Igneous rock is formed by magma (molten rock) cooling and becoming solid. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them having formed...
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...Associate Level Material Sedimentary Rock Worksheet Use the following table to describe and distinguish between the effects of weathering and erosion. Each response must be at least 200 words. |Effects of Weathering |Effects of Erosion |What are the Differences? | |Weathering is a process in which the |Erosion is a natural process and can be |The main difference between these two | |surface of rock starts to break down. Two |healthy for the ecosystem. When material is|processes seems to be that while weathering| |types of weathering exist: chemical and |removed from one location, it is inevitably|causes effects at the site of the rock, | |mechanical. |placed somewhere else; this is called |erosion causes effects at a site other than| |Chemical weathering occurs when the rock |deposition. Both erosion and deposition are|that which was weathered. Weathering | |begins to break down and the chemical |natural processes. But when human |involves two processes that often work in | |composition changes as a result. These |activities substantially alter, increase or|concert to decompose rocks. Both processes | |chemical reactions break down the bonds |impede the natural movement of sediment, |occur in place. No movement is involved in | |holding the rocks together, causing them to|serious damage can occur. As stated, human...
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...extrusive and intrusive rocks. Describe and compare each type in at least 150 words. Extrusive Rock Intrusive Rock Extrusive rock refers to igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out to the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastic. This is different from intrusive rock formation, in which magma does not reach the surface. The main effect of extrusion is that the magma can cool much more quickly in the open air or under seawater, and there is less time for the growth of crystals. Often, some of the lava fails to crystallize at all, becoming an interstitial natural glass or obsidian. If the magma contains abundant volatile components which are released as free gas, then it may cool with large or small vesicles (bubble-shaped cavities) like those found in pumice or scoria. These rocks form many kilometers below the Earth’s surface, as molten rock called magma flows into cracks or underground chambers. There, the magma cools very slowly over thousands to millions of years. As it cools, elements combine to form common silicate minerals, the building blocks of igneous rocks; the mineral crystals can grow quite large if space allows. Rocks that form in this way are called intrusive igneous or plutonic rocks. The mineral crystals within them are large enough to see without a microscope. There are many different types of intrusive igneous rocks but granite is the most common type. Use the following...
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...on the surface of the Earth where magma has erupted out of the interior of the planet. Magma is molten rock, which has melted from the extreme heat (2200°C to 5000°C) and pressure that exists inside the Earth. Once molten rock has erupted onto the Earth’s surface, it is called lava. As lava spreads out on the surface, it cools and becomes solid rock again. The buildup of lava forms hills and mountains on land, and it forms islands if the volcano began on the ocean floor. The Hawaiian Islands, for example, exist because of volcanoes. Volcano Facts Stages of Volcanic Activity Volcanoes are classified as active or inactive. Inactive volcanoes are older and have usually erupted many times. A volcano is described as active if it is currently erupting or expected to erupt eventually. Eruption Stage A volcanic eruption occurs when lava, gasses, and other subterranean matter come out of the ground. The exact location of where they come out of is called a vent. A volcano usually has more than one vent. The following table lists three volcanoes and the date of the last eruption: Eruptions can be violent or quiet. Some eruptions send lava high above the surface in spectacular fountain shapes. Violent eruptions such as these often include chunks of solid rock that were blown off the interior walls of the vent. Quiet eruptions consist of lava simply flowing out of vents. Both types of eruptions can also have gasses, such as sulfur and fluorine gas, coming out of vents. Cooling and...
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...room. The class consisted of 37 students learning about rocks and minerals in our unit of “Rocks and Minerals”. Learners There were 37 learners involved in this lesson. Learning Goal In this lesson, students were introduced to rocks and minerals. Students had to explore several websites to reach several questions about rocks and minerals: What is the relationship between minerals and rocks? What are the three types of rocks? What is the process of formation for each type of rock? Technology Students used portable, wireless laptops that were provided by the school. They were instructed to use Internet Explorer to complete the assignment. Students were given several websites to use to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between minerals and rocks? What are the three types of rocks? What is the process of formation for each type of rock? Students had to use the researched information to create a “Rocks and Minerals” flipbook. Students were also directed to give at least three examples of each type of rock and provide pictures of each. Facilitating (or impeding) Learning The initial time frame for this assignment was to be 1-2 days. However, it took 4 days because of consistent battery failure of the laptops. The wireless laptops were fairly old and the batteries seemed to die after 30 minutes. Needless to say, after reviewing the students’ work and after grading the “Rocks and Mineral” post test, it was evident that students learned...
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